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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Damage and deuterium trapping in highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2225-2233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work the buildup of damage due to deuterium implantation in highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) is investigated. HOPG was implanted with 10–30 keV D3+ at different target temperatures between room temperature and 773 K with fluences from 1014 to 1018 D/cm2. Subsequently, the damage due to the implantation and the retained deuterium were measured by Rutherford backscattering (RBS) in a channeling direction (RBSc) and by the D(3He, p)α nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), respectively. The damage of selected samples was additionally observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The initial trapping efficiency is unity in the whole temperature and energy range. The maximum retention of the deuterium, however, depends on the temperature and implantation energy. The damage in HOPG measured with RBSc starts to saturate at 5×1015 D/cm2 (295 K) and 1.3×1017 D/cm2 (773 K). Both fluences are well below the fluence at which amorphization is observed in TEM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353126
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Damage formation and substitutionality in 75As++-implanted diamond (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 2986-2990 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) has been used to study damage formation and substitutionality in synthetic diamonds implanted with 250-keV 75As++ at either 600 °C or room temperature. Lattice damage following implantation at 600 °C was substantially less than damage following room-temperature implantation and appears to be composed of a higher fraction of extended defects. A significant portion of the As implanted at 600 °C was found to be in substitutional lattice sites with substitutional fractions as high as 50%. Changing the ion flux by three orders of magnitude during high-temperature implantation had no effect on either residual damage or substitutionality as indicated by the RBS analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349326
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the nonlinear behavior of a partially ionized, turbulent plasma in a magnetic field (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 488-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper, a number of the methods of nonlinear dynamics are applied to the study of electrostatic turbulence in a magnetized, steady-state, partially ionized plasma. Electrostatic potential fluctuations were obtained by using a capacitative probe. These signals were captured, digitized, and recorded with a LeCroy transient recorder system interfaced to an IBM-AT personal computer. A commercially available software program was used to calculate power spectra, to reconstruct and plot phase portraits, take Poincaré sections, compute correlation dimensions and Lyapunov exponents, and to perform other manipulations of the time series of electrostatic potential fluctuations obtained from the plasma. Evidence of low-dimensional chaos was sought, and trends were investigated which related the state of the turbulence to such plasma parameters as the anode voltage (rms electrostatic potential), background gas pressure (collisionality), and magnetic induction. These variables were found to have a significant effect on the nonlinear dynamics of the plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346818
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct molecular-beam epitaxial growth of ZnTe(100) and CdZnTe(100)/ZnTe(100) on Si(100) substrates (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 818-820 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial structures of ZnTe(100) and CdZnTe(100)/ZnTe(100) have been deposited by molecular-beam epitaxy onto Si(100) substrates misoriented from 0° to 8° towards the [011] direction. The films were characterized with x-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and stylus profilometry. Single-crystal CdZnTe(100) films comparable in structural quality to those obtained with growth on GaAs/Si composite substrates have been demonstrated on both 4° and 8° misoriented Si with the use of ZnTe buffer layers. X-ray rocking curves with FWHM less than 300 arcsec for ZnTe (400) and less than 160 arcsec for CdZnTe(400) have been obtained for as-grown films. Specular surface morphologies, superior to those obtained on GaAs/Si composite substrates, are also observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109918
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of solid phase epitaxy in thick amorphous Si layers formed by MeV ion implantation (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 1340-1342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of solid phase epitaxy (SPE) have been measured in MeV ion-implanted amorphous Si layers up to 5 μm thick. Epitaxial crystallization in these layers occurs at a constant rate throughout the entire film, without loss of interface planarity or competition from random nucleation or twin formation. The activation energy for SPE in thick layers is found to be 2.70 eV, in excellent agreement with the value determined previously in much thinner films. The SPE kinetics are shown not to depend on the implant dose for doses up to 1000 times the threshold for amorphization. The presence of water vapor in the annealing ambient during SPE results in the indiffusion of hydrogen and a concomitant reduction of the SPE growth rate at distances as great as 2 μm from the surface. This effect may have important implications for the development of a microscopic model of the SPE process in silicon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.103477
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of murine VCAM-1 in vitro and in different models of inflammation in vivo: correlation with immigration of monocytes (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 3 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) is a cytokine-in-ducible adhesion molecule which is known to mediate adhesion of mononuclear cells to endothelial cells in vitro via binding to the integrin VLA-4 (very late antigen-4). To further elucidate the role and regulation of VCAM-1 in vivo, we compared in vitro and in vivo expression of VCAM-1 in response to cytokines and investigated immunohistochemically the expression of VCAM-1 in three murine models of experimental inflammation. These models differed with regard to the pathogenetic mechanism and the subsequent infiltrate: allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to DNFB as a T cell-controlled, DTH type of inflammation, cutaneous infection with Leishmania major as a chronic granulomatous inflammation and the cauterized cornea as a model for acute inflammation. VCAM-1 was found to be markedly enhanced on vascular endothelia in all types of inflammation and after subcutaneous administration of LPS and TNF-a. Administration of IL-4, however, failed to induce VCAM-1 both in vivo and in vitro. The increased VCAM-1 expression in the inflammatory models correlated with the appearance of infiltrating monocytes/ macrophages. A concomitant influx of CD4-positive/CD8-positive lymphocytes was only observed in ACD and Leishmaniasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1994.tb00286.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of the increase in intracellular calcium concentration in stimulated neutrophils byMycoplasma hyopneumoniae (1993)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 17 (1993), S. 249-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: calcium flux ; Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ; neutrophils ; pigs ; virulence ; zymosan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neutrophils isolated from the peripheral blood of pigs free of infection withMycoplasma hyopneumoniae were loaded with a fluorescent indicator (Fura-2) for detection of cytosolic free calcium concentration. The kinetics of the intracellular calcium flux were examined after incubation with or without a pathogenic or a non-pathogenic strain ofM. hyopneumoniae. The basal intracellular calcium concentration was not altered by incubation withM. hyopneumoniae. However, the relative increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration caused by the addition of opsonized zymosan was significantly (p〈0.05) higher in neutrophils incubated withM. hyopneumoniae as compared to neutrophils not incubated withM. hyopneumoniae. Additionally, after zymosan stimulation, the intracellular calcium concentration was greater in neutrophils incubated with a pathogenic strain ofM. hyopneumoniae than in those incubated with a non-pathogenic strain. This suggests thatM. hyopneumoniae alters the signal transduction mechanisms in neutrophils and that this alteration may be related to virulence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01839215
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoclonal antibodies that recognize the trisaccharide epitope Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc present on Ehrlich tumor cell membrane glycoproteins (1993)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 100 (1993), S. 139-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against the trisaccharide Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc, a sequence which occurs on the surface of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells as well as in thyroglobulin, laminin and a variety of other proteins. This was accomplished by immunizing BALB/c mice with the fraction of Ehrlich cell membrane glycoproteins obtained by affinity chromatography on aGriffonia simplicifolia I (GS I) column which selectively binds α-d-galactosyl-terminated structures. Detection of Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-specific antibodies was accomplished by employing glycoproteins containing the trisaccharide sequence; fusion with spleen cells from an immunized mouse was accomplished in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG1500). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system was used to identify two clones (2.10G and 6.8E), which recognized the desired trisaccharide conjugate. These clones also recognized a thyroglobulin fraction isolated by GS I affinity chromatography and murine laminin, both of which possess the Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc sequence. Inhibition of antibody-trisaccharide reactivity, examined employing an ELISA assay, revealed that two trisaccharides, Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc/Glc, were the best inhibitory haptens; Galβ1-4GlcNAc (LacNAc), Galα1-3Gal and Galβ1-4Glc (lactose) were poor inhibitors. Indirect immunofluorescence staining of unfixed Ehrlich cells using the monoclonal antibody at 4° C revealed fluorescence over the entire cell surface. Indirect immunogold labeling of semithin and ultrathin sections of aldehyde fixed and Lowicryl K4M-embedded Ehrlich cells resulted in specific labeling of the cell surface and internal structure. Immunoblot analysis revealed that removal of the α-galactosyl residues of laminin by α-galactosidase abolished reactivity with the monoclonal antibodies. The availability of this antibody, which belongs to the IgM family of immunoglobulins, now makes possible the detection of this sugar sequence on cells and tissue sections, as well as on glycoproteins in solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00572900
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptation of a non-radioactive in situ hybridization method to electron microscopy: detection of tenascin mRNAs in mouse cerebellum with digoxigenin-labelled probes and gold-labelled antibodies (1993)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 99 (1993), S. 251-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study we describe a method for the detection of mRNAs at the ultrastructural level using a non-radioactive in situ hybridization method based on digoxigenin-labelled cRNA probes and gold-labelled digoxigenin-specific antibodies. We applied this protocol to an analysis of the expression of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin in the developing cerebellar cortex of the mouse. To gain an impression of the sensitivity attainable with digoxigenin-labelled probes, we first established at the light microscopic level that the hybridization signal obtained with the non-radioactive probe is as sensitive as that obtained with a 35S-labelled probe. The non-radioactive hybridization protocol was then combined with electron microscopic post-embedding and immunogold detection techniques. Tenascinspecific, digoxigenin-labelled cRNA probes were hybridized to ultrathin sections of Lowicryl K4M-embedded tissue and the probe/target mRNA hybrids were detected using gold-labelled antibodies to digoxigenin. In agreement with the observations from in situ hybridization at the light microscopic level, specific labelling was observed in Golgi epithelial cells in the region of the Purkinje cell layer and cells in the internal granular layer, which could be identified as astrocytes by ultrastructural criteria. Labelling was detectable in association with free ribosomes and ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, focal hybridization signals were occasionally found in the nucleus. No signal was observed in Golgi epithelial cells or astrocytes using sense or in any other cerebellar cell type using either sense or anti-sense probes. The described in situ hybridization technique uses ultrastructural criteria to associate the presence of a given mRNA species with a particular cell type. Additionally, it provides information about the target mRNA's subcellular distribution, thus offering the possibility to study intracellular transport of particular mRNAs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269143
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of 35S- and digoxigenin-labeled RNA and oligonucleotide probes for in situ hybridization (1992)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 98 (1992), S. 217-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sensitivity of radiolabeled and digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes and synthetic oligonucleotide probes for the detection of seminal vesicle secretion protein II (SVS II) and androgen receptor (AR) mRNA was compared by in situ hybridization in paraformaldehyde-fixed cryostat sections of the rat prostate. Both genes are expressed in different amounts in the various prostatic lobes and contiguous glands. SVS II or AR RNA probes were either labeled with digoxigenin-11-UTP or [35S]UTP by in vitro transcription. A synthetic SVS II oligonucleotide probe was 3′ end-labeled (tailed) with either digoxigenin-11-dUTP or [35S]dATP. Hybridized 35S-labeled probes were detected by autoradiography and digoxigenin-labeled probes by immunohistochemistry using alkaline phosphatase conjugated anti-digoxigenin antibody or gold-labeled antibody followed by protein A-gold and silver enhancement. Digoxigenin-labeled probes provided the same degree of sensitivity as their 35S-labeled counterparts for the detection by in situ hybridization of weakly and strongly expressed mRNA. Using both labeling methods, the SVS II RNA probes were more sensitive than the oligonucleotide probes and background labelling of the 35S-labeled oligonucleotide probe was high. The digoxigenin method produced less background with all probe types, hybridization signals showed higher resolution and results were obtained faster than with radiolabeled probes. The immunogold silver enhancement system provided the fastest detection of digoxigenin-labeled probes with a sensitivity and resolution similar to that provided by alkaline phosphatase anti-digoxigenin immunohistochemistry. It is concluded that digoxigenin probe labeling and detection provides a sensitive, reliable, and efficient alternative to radiolabeled probes for in situ hybridization of mRNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271035
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