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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The compensatory ‘rebound’ of reactive astrogliosis: glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemical analysis of reactive astrogliosis after a puncture wound to the brain of rats with portocaval anastomosis (1991)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 72-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Reactive astrogliosis ; Portocaval anastomotic encephalopathy ; Puncture wound ; Compensatory and decompensatory phases of Alzheimer II gliosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was designed to compare the degree of reactive astrogliosis occurring around a puncture wound in the brain of normal rats and at different intervals after a similar puncture wound in rats with a portocaval anastomosis. The gliosis was evaluated by the number of astrocytes, the thickness of their processes and the intensity of the glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity. After the puncture wound in the brain of rats with a portocaval anastomosis, the gliosis varied at different intervals being: (1) decreased at 10 days, (2) markedly increased at 5 weeks and (3) significantly decreased at 8, 12, and 16 weeks. These findings suggest that 5 weeks after portocaval anastomosis, an active proliferation of the metabolically altered astrocytes occurs with heightened synthesis of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the period of adaptive compensation, the so-called compensatory ‘rebound’. At 8 weeks or more after portocaval anastomosis, these altered astrocytes were considered to be in the phase of decompensation and incapable of maintaining the reactive response which occurred in normal rats. The compensatory rebound and decompensatory ‘decline’ illustrate the dynamic plasticity of the reactive astrogliosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310926
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutamic acid production in an airlift reactor with net draft tube (1992)
    Springer
    Bioprocess and biosystems engineering 8 (1992), S. 183-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0797
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Cultivation of Brevibacterium divaricatum for glutamic acid production in an airlift reactor with net draft tube was developed. Cell concentration gave an index for adding penicillin G. On-line estimation of total sugar concentration yielded an identified model which was used for determination of the substrate addition. Fermentation for glutamic acid production requires high oxygen concentration in the broth. The proposed reactor has the capability to provide sufficient oxygen for the fermentation. Since the reactor is suitable for fed-batch culture, the cultivation of B. divaricatum for glutamic acid production in the proposed reactor is successfully carried out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01254235
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GABA Is an Afferent Vestibular Neurotransmitter in the Guinea Pig: Immunocytochemical Evidence in the Utricular Maculae (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 656 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb25302.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RHEOLOGICAL CHANGES IN CRACKER SPONGES DURING the FIRST FIVE HOURS of FERMENTATION (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food processing and preservation 14 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4549
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reconstitution and interchange studies of gluten, starch, and water soluble fractions from no- and 5-h fermentation sponges showed that gluten was altered and was responsible for the early rheological changes in cracker sponges. It was also shown that breaking of disulfide bonds was responsible for those changes. the “slurry” or inoculum was found to have the greatest effect on rheological properties. Chemical agents, such as sodium bisulfite, cysteine, and glutathione, were effective in reducing the resistance-to-extension of cracker sponges at higher pH levels. However, those effects were eliminated by the lactic acid produced in the sponge during fermentation. Therefore, the changes in rheology occurring early in fermentation do not appear to be important in cracker baking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.1990.tb00122.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The differential release of amino acids and neuropeptides from purified subpopulations of mammalian GABAergic and cholinergic cerebrocortical synaptosomes (1993)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 18 (1993), S. 393-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Synaptosome subpopulations ; coexistence ; co-release ; amino acids ; cholecystokinin ; vasoactive intestinal peptide ; somatostatin ; acetylcholine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract GABAergic and cholinergic synaptosome populations were isolated by immunomagnetophoresis. Analysis of 8 amino acids showed that the GABAergic population was enriched in GABA (3 fold). The cholinergic population was enriched in citrulline (5 fold). CCK was found in both populations, but was enriched in the GABAergic. No monoamines were found in either subpopulation. Stimulated release (veratridine 50 μm), measured using a superfusion system, showed that glutamate was only released from the cholinergic subpopulation, as was VIP. In the GABAergic population, stimulated SRIF release was slow and prolonged, and the CCK release was delayed and rapid. GABA release was rapid, only occurring during application of the stimulus and only from the GABAergic synaptosomes. The GABAergic release could be modified by GABAA and GABAB targeted drugs. The cholinergic subpopulation exhibited late release of both VIP and CCK, each showing the same time pattern of release. All release was calcium and tetrodotoxin dependent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00967242
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of endogenous modulators for GABA system (1992)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 17 (1992), S. 107-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Endogenous inhibitors ; glutamate decarboxylase ; GABAA receptor ; GABA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pig brain extracts from both soluble and membrane fractions were found to contain potent inhibitors for GABA synthesizing enzyme, GAD, referred to as endogenous GAD inhibitors (EGIs) and for the binding of GABA agonist, muscimol, referred to as muscimol binding inhibitors (MBIs). EGIs and MBIs were first purified through gel-filtration Bio-Gel P-2 columns, in which multiple activity peaks were observed. One of them appears to be co-eluted with eitherl-glutamate or GABA. However, others are clearly separated froml-glutamate or GABA. EGIs were found to be low MW (〈1,800 dalton), heat and acid-base stable, negatively charged, non hydrophobic substances. MBIs were found to be low MW (〈1,800 dalton) neutral or positively charged substances. MBIs had no effect on [3H]flunitrazepam (FNZP) binding, indicating that they are not endogenous benzodiazepine receptor ligands and they may act specifically on GABA binding site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00966871
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased density of glutamic acid decarboxylase - containing terminals in the medial preoptic nucleus and the area surrounding the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus is associated with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 227 (1990), S. 518-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotrans-mitter and has been shown to exert considerable influence on the neural control of the cardiovascular function. It is not clear, however, which GABAergic systems are involved in salt-induced hypertension. This study was designed to investigate the GABAergic neurons in specific regions of the brain possibly linked to salt-induced hypertension. After 4 weeks of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and salt treatments, the rats developed cardiac hypertrophy. All of the animals were sacrificed for immunocytochemical localization of GABAergic terminals using specific antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). GAD-positive GABAergic terminal densities in discrete regions of the brain were determined by using morphometric quantitation. Results showed that GABAergic terminal densities in the medial preoptic nucleus and the area lateral to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus were significantly increased in DOCA-salt-treated rats 4 weeks after the experiment as compared with 4 week controls. This study provides new evidence to support further the idea that central GABAergic neurons are closely associated with pathogenesis of salt-induced hypertension. Different hypertensive mechanisms between salt-induced hypertension and genetic hypertension are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092270415
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