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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Canopy structure and productivity of Festuca avundinacea Schreb. swards during vegetative and reproductive growth (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 40 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Canopy structure, productivity and their relationships were examined in 2-year-old swards of fourteen tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) strains during the vegetative and reproductive growth stages. During the vegetative growth stage morphological characters, particularly tiller size, were closely associated with productivity. Swards with large tillers showed an effective distribution of the incoming light energy within the canopy and hence low extinction coefficient (K) value and high productivity at complete light interception. On the other hand, although there was no apparent correlation between K and the productivity or the whole crop during the reproductive growth stage, the productivities of the reproductive and vegetative tillers were positively and negatively related to K respectively. Leaf area index of the reproductive tillers and their position in the canopy had marked effects on the distribution of the incoming light energy within the canopy and on the productivity of both types of tillers. The productivity of the vegetative and the reproductive tillers is discussed in terms of the effect of the competition for incoming light energy between both types of tillers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1985.tb01719.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Removal of iron (III) oxide particles from a quartz plate by liquid flow (1986)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 264 (1986), S. 1072-1079 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Detergency ; electro-osmosis ; iron (III) oxide ; electrokinetic phenomena ; heterocoagulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The detachment of submicron particles of iron (III) oxide from a quartz plate in aqueous solutions was investigated by using a well-defined flow of electro-osmosis in comparison with the ordinary flow of water without electrokinetic effect. A rectangular quartz cell was used for removal experiments. Zeta potentials of the particles and the plate were determined by electrophoresis and electro-osmosis, respectively. When the iron (III) oxide particles adhering to the quartz plate were removed by the electro-osmotic flow or the ordinary (Poiseuille) flow, the removal efficiency increased with increasing hydrodynamic force. The removal efficiency by electro-osmotic flow was almost the same as that by ordinary flow under the condition of the same magnitude of applied hydrodynamic force. The values of volume flow rate for the removal efficiency of 0.5 for the electro-osmotic flow was extremely small compared with that for the ordinary flow, showing the effectiveness of particle removal by electrokinetic effect of electro-osmosis. The kinetic analysis of the particle removal process showed that it was characterized by two different rate constants, the rate constant of the rapid process and that of the slow process. The rate constant of slow process increased with increasing electro-osmotic velocity. This shows that the electro-osmotic flow acts as a mechanical force to overcome the energy barrier in the removal process. The rate constant increased with increasing surfactant concentration and this trend became more noticeable as electro-osmotic velocity increased. It is concluded from this result that the effect of surfactant on particle removal is enhanced by the mechanical force in removal processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410325
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological investigation of hemifacial spasm: F-waves of the facial muscles (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 138 (1996), S. 24-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Hemifacial spasm ; F-wave ; lateral spread ; surface electrode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS), the spasm is due to cross-compression of the facial nerve by a blood vessel. There are currently two hypotheses for the mechanism of HFS: 1) the spasm is caused by ephaptic transmission and an increase in excitability at the site of compression; and 2) the spasm is caused by hyperexcitability in the facial nerve nucleus. In peripheral nerves, F-waves, which result from the backfiring of antidromically activated anterior horn cells, have been proposed as indices of proximal motoneuron conduction and anterior horn cell excitability. Enhancement of the F-waves indicates increased anterior horn cell excitability. We have therefore measured F-waves in the facial muscle of HFS patients in order to investigate the exitability of the facial nerve nucleus. The authors obtained facial nerve evoked responses from 20 HFS patients before microvascular decompression (MVD), 10 HFS patients after MVD and 10 healthy controls. The F-waves, obtained with surface electrodes from the mentalis muscle, were the second response after the M-wave. On the patient's spasm side, the F-wave duration, F/M amplitude ratio and frequency of F-wave appearance significantly increased compared with those of the normal side or healthy controls; minimum latency and chronodispersion did not significantly differ between these groups. In patients whose spasm disappeared completely following MVD, the abnormal muslce response (lateral spread), which is a characteristic sign of HFS, and the enhancement of the F-wave eventually also disappeared. Because of the correlation between HFS and F-waves, the authors' study supports the hypothesis that the cause of HFS is hyperexcitability of the facial motonucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411719
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the entire nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the attenuated hog cholera vaccine strain GPE− and the wild-type parental strain ALD (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 140 (1995), S. 1385-1391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have determined the complete nucleotide sequences of a live attenuated hog cholera virus (HCV) and its progenitor strain. The viral RNA of each strain consisted of 12 298 nucleotides including untranslated regions of 373 and 228 bases at the 5′ and 3′ end, respectively. There was a single large open reading frame spanning 11 697 nucleotides which could encode a large protein of 3 899 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 438-kDa. We have found 225 nucleotide difference between the two strains, of which six were located in the untranslated region. Four-sixths of these differences resulted in amino acid substitutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01322665
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental trial for the determination of the critical coagulation concentration using the sedimentation method (1995)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 273 (1995), S. 1065-1070 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Critical coagulation concentration ; iron (III) hydroxide sol ; silver iodide sol ; sedimentation ; Hamaker constant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A method for determining the critical coagulation concentration (C c) from the change in the transmittance of the sol with stand time after adding a coagulating agent is discussed. Potassium nitrate was used as the coagulating agent because the specific adsorption of electrolyte ions on the particle and the hydrolysis of electrolyte ions are negligible. Apparent critical coagulation concentrations,C c a, of iron (III) hydroxide and silver iodide sols were obtained from the transmittance vs. potassium nitrate concentration curves for various stand times. The values ofC c a decreased with increasing stand time. TheC c a value obtained for the shortest stand time was closer toC c obtained from the initial turbidity change of the sol by applying Rayleigh's law. The Hamaker constant for the particle in water was calculated from theC c a value obtained at the shortest time and the experimentally determined outer Helmholtz plane potential. The calculated Hamaker constants were comparable to the theoretical values for iron (III) hydroxide and silver iodide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00657675
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of surface properties of particles on their adhesion and removal (1989)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 267 (1989), S. 434-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Nylon particle ; adhesion ; removal ; electrokinetic potential ; Hamaker constant ; heterocoagulation ; electrostatic ; van der Waals interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of surface properties of particles on their adhesion and removal was investigated using an immersed system consisting of nylon particles and a quartz plate. The nylon particles were dyed with a reactive dye in order to change their properties and were used for the adhesion and removal experiments in comparison with undyed particles. The electrokinetic potentials of the particles were measured by micro-electrophoresis and the Hamaker constants were independently evaluated using experimental values of dispersive component of surface free energy determined by the Wilhelmy technique. The experimental results were used for the discussion of particle adhesion and removal on the basis of the heterocoagulation theory. The differences in adhesion and removal efficiencies between dyed and undyed particles were explained in terms of the electrostatic and dispersive van der Waals interaction by considering the differences in thier properties, the electrokinetic potential and the Hamaker constant, due to dyeing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410189
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contact angle hysteresis in carbon fibers studied by wetting force measurements (1989)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 267 (1989), S. 702-706 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Contactangle ; carbonfiber ; wettingforce ; surfacefreeenergy ; Augerelectronspectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The surface free energy of polyacrylonitrile carbon fibers was investigated by using the Wilhelmy technique. The difference in surface free energy between immersion and emersion was observed for the carbon fiber pyrolyzed at 2500 °C. In contrast, the hysteresis disappeared with repyrolyzation of the carbon fibers at 3000 °C. Auger electron spectroscopic analysis indicated that the surface of the latter carbon fiber (repyrolyzed at 3000 °C) consisted of the basal planes of graphite. Rough surface topography of the carbon fiber repyrolyzed at 3000 °C, as observed by scanning electron microscope, did not affect the hysteresis. Therefore, the contact angle hysteresis was attributed to the chemical adsorbants on the activation sites of the fiber surfaces, as detected by Auger electron spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01524372
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wettability and surface free energy of electrolytically oxidized graphite fibers (1995)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 273 (1995), S. 1144-1150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Wettability-surface free energy ; contact angle ; carbon fiber ; graphite fiber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Wettability of electrolytically oxidized graphite fibers has been investigated by contact angle measurements employing the Wilhelmy method. The atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon, O/C, in the surface layer of the graphite fiber increased with increasing electric specific charge. Contact angle hysteresis was not observed for the untreated graphite fiber (O/C=0.01). The contact angles decreased with increasing O/C, especially for the receding angle, and approached constant for O/C〉0.2. The nondispersive and dispersive surface free energies of the oxidized graphite fibers were calculated from the experimentally determined contact angles. The nondispersive surface free energy increased by the oxidation, whereas the dispersive one decreased. From the results of surface analysis, it was found that the changes in the nondispersive and dispersive surface free energies were caused by the increase in O/C ratio and the decrease in surface crystallinity, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00653082
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