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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 3194-3196 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spectroscopic ellipsometry is applied to determine the oxidation resistance of TiN and CrN coatings. This technique proves to provide accurate measurements of the oxide layer thickness in a convenient, fast, and nondestructive manner. The magnetron-sputtered thin films were heated in air in the temperature range between 673 and 925 K. The verification with scanning electron microscopy and x-ray reflectometry shows an excellent agreement between these complementary techniques. The rate constant k of the oxidation is directly related to the film morphology in TiN thin films. While understoichiometric films with a dense fine-grained structure exhibit a moderate k of 4 nm2/s at 773 K, overstoichiometric films with a pronounced columnar structure oxidized over seven times faster. The nonstoichiometry in TiNy and CrNy leads to a reduced activation energy for oxidation compared to stoichiometric compounds. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of food science & technology 14 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2621
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Freezing time, weight loss and power demand can be calculated by equations in which the enthalpy gradient, namely, the specific heat requires to be expressed as a temperature function. Since the temperature at which freezing starts varies with the material of the food and its water content, the author has established equations for the freezing point tf of beef, pork, lamb and fish and its variation with their water contents. That temperature serves as the reference point θ= -t+tf= 0 of a unified temperature scale with enthalpy H= 0. The change of enthalpy in the freezing range can be divided into two sections. The first one, which covers the band from θ= 0 to θg= 6, is characterized by a steep enthalpy gradient which can be expressed by a linear change of the ratio θ/H with the temperature θ. The second section covers the range θ 〉 θg and is characterized by a small enthalpy gradient with the resulting functions H= Cθn and c=n(H/θ). The author has established equations for the numerical values of n and C for various meats and fish depending on their water contents and has produced diagrams of the specific heat in the low temperature range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Indoor air 13 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Gerodontology 20 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1741-2358
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the influence of age and denture use on the size of arches and residual ridges in edentulous patients. Design: At two nursing homes, maxillary and mandibular stone casts of 302 fully edentulous patients were utilized to measure the size of the arches and residual ridges, according to age and use of complete dentures. Age cohorts were divided into three groups; 60–69, 70–79, and 80–89 years old. Two hundred and forty-nine denture wearers used complete dentures for at least 2 years before examinations. Fifty-three non-denture users had never worn removable prostheses. Chi-square analysis (p〈0.05) was used to establish the possible relations between the linear values and the size indexes of the ridges and arches and the two examined parameters: age and denture wear. Results: Young old patients possessed edentulous structures that were not significantly larger than elderly old patients in both the maxilla and the mandible. Non-denture users had significantly bigger arches and ridges in both edentulous jaws than denture users. Conclusions: Young old, non-denture users tended to have bigger residual edentulous tissues compared to elderly old patients who used complete dentures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 41 (1985), S. 1404-1406 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 71.45.Lr Charge-density-wave systems – 65.40.Ba Heat capacity – 64.70.Kb Solid solid transitions – 64.70.Pf Glass transitions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Specific heats of the charge-density-wave compounds o-TaS3 and (TaSe4)2I have been measured over the wide temperature interval 10 K-300 K. Both systems exhibit strong non-Debye behavior. Very weak and broad anomalies are observed at the Peierls transition temperatures. For o-TaS3, the change in the curvature of the specific heat occurs at temperature of 40 K where glass transition has been deduced from dielectric measurements, and an extended scaling analysis suggests that the glass transition is associated with a dynamical cross over in length scales. We briefly discuss the characteristics and physical origins of the anomalies at both the Peierls and glass transitions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
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    San Marino, Calif. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Huntington Library quarterly. 50:1 (1987:Winter) 1 
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  • 9
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    Unknown
    San Marino, Calif. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Huntington Library quarterly. 51:3 (1988:Summer) 228 
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 11 (1989), S. 455-466 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Infra-red and Raman spectra and scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto In questo lavoro si è condotta una completa analisi, dal punto di vista delle polarizzazioni, dello spettro Raman del GaS, per energie di eccitazione al di sotto del «gap» indiretto. Al fine di identificare le combinazioni di secondo ordine e i modi proibiti indotti da difetti, sono state eseguite anche misure di trasmittanza e riflettanza nell'infrarosso. L'impiego di tutte le possibili regole di selezione, applicate sia agli spettri Raman sia a quelli IR, ha permesso sempre di individuare i punti di simmetria dei modi coinvolti nello spettro Raman e, quando possibile, di assegnare le principali strutture non di Γ a modi dei puntiM oK. Si è cosí pervenuti a numerose nuove attribuzioni, contestando anche alcune precedenti assegnazioni, basate solo su studi separati degli spettri Raman o IR.
    Abstract: Резюме Предлагается поляризационный анализ спектра комбинацонного рассеяния в GaS для энергий возбуждения ниже непрямой запрещеннои зоны. Чтобы определить комбинации втрого порядка и дефект, индуцированный запрешеенным модами, которые появляются в спектрах, помимо шести хорошо известных Γ-фононов, вяшолняются также измерения пропускания и отражения инфракрасного излучения дляE⊥c иE∼c. Все имеюэиеся правила отбора применяются к данным по комбинационному рассеянию и к инфракрасым данным, что позволяет идентифицировать точки высокой симметрии для фононов, фигурирующие в рассеянии и, по возможности, описать главные не-Γ-структуры спектров. Этот анализ позволяет получить некоторые новые признаки, основанные на раздельном исследовании спектров комбинационного рассеяния и инфракрасных спектров.
    Notes: Summary A complete polarization analysis of the GaS Raman spectrum, for excitation energies below the indirect energy gap, is reported. In order to assign second-order combinations and defect-induced forbidden modes, that appear in the spectra besides the six well-known Γ-phonons, also IR transmittance and reflectance measurements, for bothE⊥c andE‖c, have been performed. All the available selection rules are applied to both Raman and IR data, allowing to identify the high-symmetry points of phonons involved in the scattering and, when possible, to ascribe the main non-Γ structures of the spectra to the knownK andM point modes. This analysis brings to several new attributions, also ruling out some previous assignments, based on the separate study of either Raman or IR spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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