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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of the localization of corticotropin releasing factor-containing neurons in the hypothalamus of mammals including primates (1982)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 165 (1982), S. 303-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: CRF neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; PAP ; Mammals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of the CRF-containing neurons in the hypothalamus was investigated in four different species (cats, dogs, pigs, and monkeys) by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique using specific anti-serum to CRF. In all animals examined, CRF-containing perikarya were found mainly in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, and a small number of the immunoreactive cells were observed in the accessory supraoptic nucleus and the lateral hypothalamic area. The size of the CRF-containing perikarya ranged from 20–35 μm in diameter. These findings suggest that the magnocellular paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei are the center not only of the classical neurosecretory system for the production of the posterior lobe hormones, but also that of the CRF neuronal system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305569
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin nerve fibers in the neocortex of the monkey (Macaca fuscata) (1983)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 166 (1983), S. 155-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Neocortex ; Visual cortex ; Monkey ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method, the distribution of serotonin nerve fibers was studied in the neocortex of the monkey (Macaca fuscata). All layers of the neocortex showed evidence of serotonin fibers, both fine and thick. Unlike the distribution in rodents, different patterns of distribution were noted in each neocortex of the primate. Among the cortical areas — area 4, 3-1-2, 17, 18, 41 and 42 — the primary visual cortex (area 17) contained the highest density of immunoreactive fibers, while the primary motor cortex (area 4) possessed the lowest concentration. The most outstanding finding was a dense and laminar distribution of serotonin fibers in area 17, particularly within the upper portion of layer IVc. In area 3-1-2, 18, 41 and 42, a fairly uniform density of immunoreactive fibers was observed across the six cortical layers, apart from a relatively dense plexus of fine serotonin fibers in layer IV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305080
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin distribution in the circumventricular organs of the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 167 (1983), S. 311-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Circumventricular organs ; Rat ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serotonin-immunoreactive structures in the circumventricular organs (organum vasculosum laminae terminalis, subfornical organ, subcommissural organ and area postrema) of the rat were demonstrated using a modified peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method. Various densities of serotonin fibers were demonstrated in all four circumventricular organs; however, serotonin-positive cells were evident in the area postrema only after nialamide treatment. Serotonergic supraepedymal fibers were observed on the surface of the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis and that of the subfornical organ, but not on the subcommissural organ and area postrema. The serotonergic plexus of the basal portion of the subcommisural organ was considered to be continuous with the supraependymal plexus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315669
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonergic innervation on the motoneurons in the mammalian brainstem (1983)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 167 (1983), S. 321-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Brainstem ; Motoneuron ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A comparative study of serotonergic innervation on motoneurons in the brainstem of various mammals (mouse, rat, guinea pig, dog, cat and monkey) was carried out using a sensitive immunohistochemical method. Except for the extraocular muscle nuclei, the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves received rich inputs from serotonin neurons, in all species examined — rodent, carnivore and primate. The motoneurons of the monkey were innervated by varicose serotonin fibers, in a manner different from that of other species, i.e. their cell bodies and proximal dendrites were tightly encircled by a large number of serotonin-containing varicose fibers. At the ultrastructural level, a predominant population of axosomatic contacts was confirmed in the cranial motor nuclei of the monkey, particularly in the nucleus ambiguus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315670
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual differences in the topographical distribution of serotonergic fibers in the anterior column of rat lumbar spinal cord (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 170 (1984), S. 117-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Sexual dimorphism ; Serotonin fibers ; Lumbar cord ; Cremaster ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sexual dimorphism in the topographical organization of immunoreactive serotonergic fibers has been shown for the first time in the anterior column of the rat lumbar cord. A characteristic preferential arrangement of serotonergic fibers on the small cell column composed of anterior horn motoneurons, which have been proved to send their axons to the cremaster muscle, was demonstrated at the lumbar segments (L1–L2) of male rats, using the immunoperoxidase technique with antiserum against serotonin. A similar finding was also observed in female rats, but was less prominent than in males. Comparative analysis of the cell numbers and the size of neuronal somata of the aforementioned nucleus, done using retrograde transport of fluorescent dye (DAPI) via axonal fibers coursing down the genitofemoral nerve to the cremaster muscle, gave significantly larger values in males. The sexual difference in the serotonergic innervation pattern was, in consequence, surmised to be caused by the cytoarchitectonic contrast ascertained in the lumbar anterior column. Furthermore, there may be a striated muscle endowed with some active functions homologous to those of the male cremaster muscle in the female rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318995
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the two most common Wx alleles on different genetic backgrounds in rice (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 119 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Wxa and Wxb are the most common alleles of the Wx gene in Asian cultivated rice. The difference between them is responsible for differences in the levels of the Wx gene product in the endosperm, as well as in amylose content, which is an important determinant of the quality of edible rice. Since Indica rice mostly carries the Wxa allele, we introduced the Wxb allele into Indica-type rice (IR36) from a Japonica-type rice (T65) by repeated backcrossing. In the near-isogenic line (IR36 Wxb), the level of the Wx gene product was reduced and, as expected, the level of amylose. However, IR36Wxb had a lower amylose content than the recurrent parent of T65 with the Wxb allele. The results suggest that the Indica (IR36) background might lower the amylose content more than the Japonica (T65) background when the Wx allele is the same. The possible importance of modifiers that regulate expression of the Wx gene is also discussed in relation to improvements in the grain quality of rice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2000.00533.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased levels of a TH2-type CC chemokine thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) in serum and induced sputum of asthmatics (2002)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Cytokines liberated by TH2 cells play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Recent studies have demonstrated that CC chemokine receptor (CCR)4 is preferentially expressed by TH2 cells. These facts suggest possible involvement of two CCR4-specific ligands i.e., thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma via recruitment of TH2 cells to inflammatory sites. We investigated the levels of TARC and MDC in the serum and induced sputum of asthmatics. Methods: The levels of TARC in the serum (46 asthmatics and 26 healthy subjects) and induced sputum (30 asthmatics and 6 healthy subjects) were measured using a highly sensitive ELISA system. The levels of eotaxin and MDC were also measured by ELISA. Results: TARC, but not MDC, was significantly increased in asthmatic sera (P〈0.001). Although MDC was undetectable in the sputum of most cases by our assay system, sputum TARC was significantly increased (P=0.027). Conclusions: The elevated TARC levels in asthmatics might be involved in the pathophysiology of asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.1s3256.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eotaxin in induced sputum of asthmatics: relationship with eosinophils and eosinophil cationic protein in sputum (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Eosinophilic inflammation is a crucial aspect of allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma. An eosinophil-active chemokine, eotaxin, may play a role in the pathogenesis of the tissue eosinophilia accompanying asthma. Methods: Induced sputa were obtained from 53 patients with atopic asthma and six healthy subjects, and the concentration of eotaxin in the sputum was measured by ELISA. We investigated whether the sputum content of eotaxin is related to 1) asthma status or corticosteroid therapy, and 2) other sputum indices, including percentage of eosinophils and concentration of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). Results: The patients with stable or unstable asthma showed significantly higher concentrations of sputum eotaxin than the normal controls. The level of sputum eotaxin demonstrated a positive correlation with the percentage of eosinophils in stable asthmatics not receiving corticosteroid therapy, but not in stable patients treated with corticosteroids, or in unstable patients. Sputum eotaxin demonstrated a positive correlation with ECP in asthmatic patients who were either in a stable state or not receiving steroid therapy. Conclusions: The elevated level of eotaxin detected in association with increased eosinophils and ECP in the sputum of asthmatics suggests that eotaxin is involved in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic airway inflammation. The relationship of eotaxin to airway eosinophilia may be modified by the stability status of asthma and corticosteroid therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00474.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved Kakioka automatic standard magnetometer (KASMMER) (1984)
    Springer
    Surveys in geophysics 6 (1984), S. 357-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0956
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The KASMMER (Kakioka Automatic Standard Magnetometer) has been constructed in 1972 for the standard magnetic observation at Kakioka (Yanagiharaet al., 1973). Then KASMMER system has been improved successively for the high level standard magnetic observation. The purpose of the present paper is to introduce an outline of the improved KASMMER system. The KASMMER system consists of four parts which are four optical pumping magnetometers, a fluxgate magnetometer (Supporting system to the optical pumping magnetometers), a calibration system and a data acquisition system (computer system). The calibration system consists of a proton magnetometer and a magnetic theodolite (Di-72). Details for each part are described and the ability of the improved system is shown to be higher than that of classical magnetic observatory systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01465551
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescence histochemical study on the noradrenergic control to the anterior column of the spinal lumbosacral segments of the rat and dog, with special reference to motoneurons innervating the perineal striated muscles (Onuf's nucleus) (1984)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 81 (1984), S. 237-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The organization of noradrenergic fibers in the lumbosacral anterior column of rats and dogs was examined in detail using a modification of a highly sensitive glyoxylic acid fluorescence histochemical method. In both rat and dog, there were greater concentrations of fluorescing noradrenergic fibers around the motoneurons innervating the perineal striated muscles (Onuf's nucleus) than around other motoneuronal groups. The preferential accumulation of noradrenergic fibers in Onuf's nucleus may indicate that the noradrenergic neuron system in the spinal cord of rodents and carnivores is closely related to the functional peculiarities of the perineal striated muscles, including the external anal and urethral sphincter muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00495633
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