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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 19 (1980), S. 642-659 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Rheological investigations were done in concentrated as well as diluted solutions to characterize the solution structure of pathological synovial fluids. By looking at the shear rate dependence of [η] at low shear rates (D ≅ 2,9 ⋅ 10−3 − 4,6 s−1) higher molecular weights were determined than reported before. The so determined molecular weights of hyaluronic acid (HA) are in the range ofM = 2,4 ⋅ 106–12 ⋅ 106 g/mol in inflammatory joint diseases and in non-inflammatory in a range ofM = 3,1 ⋅ 106–11,4 ⋅ 106 g/mol and therefore both are lower than in normal synovial fluids,M = 16,2 ⋅ 106 g/mol. Additional distinctk SB-values indicate a compacter coil of HA macromolecules in the pathological synovial fluid. Quantitative statements can be made to the macromolecular network structure by determination of the critical HA polymer concentration and the number of entanglements resulting from prestationary measurements. The normal synovial fluid is comparable with a very narrow-meshed and dense network, but also in the pathological synovial fluid the HA is not isolated like in a particle solution but forms a much looser entanglement network structure. The reduction of viscosity and elasticity of isolated HA indicate that molecular interactions between HA and other macromolecules in synovial fluid are of essential significance for the rheological behaviour. Measurements of relaxation time at rest as well as shear conditions show a higher segment-flexibility of macromolecular network structure resulting from a reduction of HA-concentration and/or molecular weight in the pathological synovial fluid.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Charakterisierung der Lösungsstruktur pathologischer Synovialflüssigkeiten wurden parallel rheologische Untersuchungen sowohl im Bereich konzentrierter als auch verdünnter Lösungen durchgeführt. Durch die Berücksichtigung der Scherabhängigkeit der Grenzviskositätszahl [η] und Messung bei niedrigen Schergeschwindigkeiten (D ≅ 2,9 ⋅ 10−3 − 4,6 s−1) errechneten sich höhere Molekulargewichte der Hyaluronsäure (HA) als bisher angegeben. Für entzündliche Gelenkergüsse betragen sie (2,4–12,0) ⋅ 106, für nicht entzündliche (3,1–11,4) ⋅ 106 und sind damit gegenüber der normalen Synovia mit 16,2 ⋅ 106 erniedrigt. Unterschiedlichek SB-Werte sprechen zusätzlich für eine stärkere Verknäuelung der HA-Makromoleküle in der pathologischen Synovia. Durch Ermittlung der kritischen Polymerkonzentration der HA sowie der Verhängungszahlenv aus Anlaufmessungen konnten quantitative Aussagen zum makromolekularen Netzwerk getroffen werden. Die normale Synovia entspricht einem sehr engmaschigen und dichten Netz, aber auch in den pathologischen Gelenkflüssigkeiten ist die HA nicht im Sinne einer Partikellösung isoliert, sondern bildet ein, wenn auch lockeres Netzwerk mit wesentlich niedrigerer Verhängungszahl. Eine Erniedrigung der Viskosität und Elastizität isolierter HA weist darauf hin, daß molekulare Wechselwirkungen zwischen HA und anderen Makromolekülen in der Synovialflüssigkeit für das rheologische Verhalten von wesentlicher Bedeutung sind. Relaxationszeitmessungen in Ruhe und unter Scherung zeigten eine vermehrte Segmentbeweglichkeit des Netzwerkes der pathologischen Synovia als Folge der HA-Konzentrationsabnahme und/oder Molekulargewichtsverminderung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 21 (1982), S. 614-619 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Synovial fluid ; viscoelasticity ; hyaluronic acid ; isopycnic ultracentrifugation ; metrizamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Hyaluronic acid (HA) isolated from synovial fluid by CsCl density-gradient ultracentrifugation show a decrease in the viscoelasticity. Metrizamide, a substance used recently for non-ionic density-gradient ultracentrifugation, do not change the rheology of synovial fluid and HA. Thus it may be possible to isolate HA without altering rheological properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Possible ankylosing spondylitis ; HLA-B27 ; peripheral arthritis ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Among 86 patients selected as possibly having ankylosing spondylitis because of clinical symptoms and radiologically normal sacroiliac joints, HLA-B27 was positive in 41%. Four years later a representative sample of 38 individuals were re-examined and radiographed. HLA-B27 positive patients developed sacroiliitis as defined by radiological criteria twice as often (P〈0.05). They also showed increased uptake of technetium 99 m upon quantitative scintigraphy with a region of interest method and more often probable or definite ankylosing spondylitis as defined by the New York criteria. Further differences between the HLA-B27 positive and negative follow-up groups concerned the frequency of clinical symptoms and peripheral arthritis. It is suggested that HLA-B27 typing may be helpful both in diagnosis and in judging the prognosis of possible or abortive ankylosing spondylitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Rheumatic diseases ; OKT markers ; ANAE staining ; Synovial fluid ; Blood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mononuclear cell preparations from peripheral blood (PBL) and synovial fluid (SFL) of 27 Patients with rheumatoid diseases (15 patients with definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 10 with other inflammatory joint diseases (OJD), 1 with sarcoid arthritis (SA) and 1 with traumatic arthritis (TA) were examined for lymphocyte subpopulations determined by monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series and by the dot-like, acid α-naphthyl esterase staining (ANAE) activity. In patients with classic, active RA, blood T cells carrying the OKT8+ (suppressor/killer) phenotype were significantly reduced leading to an elevated OKT4/OKT8 ratio of 4.1±0.4 compared with 2.1±0.1 in healthy controls. In 10 patients with OJD this diminution of OKT8+ cells in peripheral blood was less pronounced or absent. As regards SFL subpopulations, patients with RA and OJD exhibited a similar distribution pattern with an elevation of OKT8+, Ia+ and ANAE negative cells and a similar OKT4/OKT8 ratio of 1.5±0.3 and 1.6±0.4, respectively. Similar results were also obtained in the only patient with TA, whereas the patient with SA and one RA patient with relapse after surgical synovectomy exhibited high OKT4/OKT8 ratios, both in synovial fluid and peripheral blood. Neither the OKT markers nor the dot-like ANAE staining pattern were significantly correlated to parameters of systemic or local disease activity as estimated by erythrocyte sedimentation rate and a local disease activity index.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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