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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Herbizide ; Paraquat ; Vergiftung ; Hämoperfusion ; Herbicides ; Paraquat ; Intoxication ; Hemoperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary “Continuous hemoperfusion” (8 h/day for 2–3 weeks) was performed in two patients suffering from severe paraquat intoxication. On account of paraquat plasma concentrations a fatal outcome due to pulmonary fibrosis would have been expected in both cases. However, both patients survived following “continuous hemoperfusion” therapy. Coated activated charcoal seems to have a higher affinity for paraquat than lung tissue.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung „Kontinuierliche Hämoperfusion“ (ca. 8 h täglich während 2–3 Wochen) wurde wegen Paraquatvergiftung an zwei Patienten durchgeführt, bei denen aufgrund der Höhe der Paraquat-Plasma-Spiegel mit der Entwicklung einer letalen Lungenfibrose gerechnet werden mußte. Beide Patienten konnten durch diese Maßnahme der „Kontinuierlichen Hämoperfusion“ gerettet werden. Beschichtete Aktivkohle scheint eine größere Affinität für Paraquat zu haben als die Lungen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Chenodeoxycholic acid ; Chimpanzee ; Conjugation ; Lithocholic acid ; Sulfation ; Toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um im Schimpansen die hepatische Biotransformation der primären Gallensäure Chenodeoxycholsäure und deren wichtigstem bakteriellen Metaboliten, Lithocholsäure zu charakterisieren, wurde ein Gemisch aus Spurenmengen von14C-Lithocholsäure und3H-Chenodeoxycholsäure intravenös in zwei Tiere mit Gallenfistel injiziert. Die chemische Form der Radioaktivität, die in der Galle erschien, wurde dünnschichtchromatographisch ermittelt. Etwa 80% der Chenodeoxycholsäure und 70% der Lithocholsäure wurden innerhalb von 90 min ausgeschieden. Die Chenodeoxycholsäure war vollständig konjugiert und erschien vorwiegend als Chenyltaurin (52%) und Chenylglycin (37%). 11% erschienen in einer Form, die bisher nicht identifiziert wurde. Lithocholsäure wurde vollständig als Taurin- und Glycinkonjugat in die Galle eliminiert; der größte Teil (63%) war zusätzlich sulfatiert. Die Sulfatierung nahm stetig mit der Zeit zu und Lithocholylglycine wurde stärker sulfatiert als Lithocholyltaurin. Wir schließen aus diesen Befunden, daß der Schimpanse mit dem Menschen vergleichbar ist, indem er Lithocholsäure effektiv sulfatiert. Dadurch unterscheidet sich der Schimpanse vom Rhesusaffe und Baboon, die die Lithocholsäure nur in geringem Maße sulfatieren. Jedoch unterscheidet sich der Schimpanse auch vom Menschen und ähnelt dem Rhesusaffen und dem Baboon, indem er Gallensäure vorwiegend mit Taurin konjugiert. Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schluß zu, daß die Hepatotoxizität, die im Rhesusaffe und Baboon durch Chenodeoxycholat hervorgerufen wird, und auf eine geringe Sulfatierung der Lithocholsäure zurückgeführt wird, beim Schimpansen nicht bestehen sollte.
    Notes: Abstract To characterize the hepatic biotransformation in the chimpanzee of the primary bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid (chenic) and its major bacterial metabolite lithocholic acid (lithocholic) a mixture of tracer amounts of14C-lithocholic and3H-chenic was injected intravenously into two animals with a bile fistula; the chemical form of radioactivity appearing in bile was inferred using thin layer chromatography. About 80% of chenic, and 70% of lithocholic was recovered in 90 min. Chenic was completely conjugated in bile, appearing predominantly as chenyltaurine (52%) and chenylglycine (37%). An unidentified conjugate (about 11%) was also found. Lithocholic was excreted completely as taurine and glycine conjugates, but the majority (63%) of conjugates was sulfated. Sulfation increased progressively with time, and lithocholylglycine was sulfated more than lithocholyltaurine. We conclude that the chimpanzee is similar to man in that the secondary bile acid lithocholic is efficiently sulfated. The chimpanzee thus differs from the baboon and rhesus monkey which sulfate lithocholic poorly. However, the chimpanzee differs from man and is similar to the baboon and rhesus monkey in showing preferential conjugation of bile acids with taurine. The results imply that hepatotoxicity caused by chenic, which is well documented in the rhesus monkey and baboon and has been related to defective lithocholic sulfation, should not occur in the chimpanzee.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 587-588 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Our first aim was to simplify the spacer-synthesis for affinity-chromatography of cholinergic proteins. Further-more we synthesized 2 new inhibitors which proved to be useful for purification of acetylcholine-receptor protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 36 (1976), S. 43-51 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Intoxication ; Paraquat ; Diquat ; Gut lavage ; Hemodialysis ; Hemoperfusion ; Schlüsselwörter ; Intoxikation ; Paraquat ; Deiquat ; Darmspülung ; Hämodialyse ; Hämoperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen. Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse. Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.
    Notes: Abstract Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents. Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis. In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 33 (1975), S. 251-257 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Herbicides ; Intoxication ; Diquat ; Paraquat ; Hemodialysis ; Herbizide ; Intoxikation ; Diquat ; Paraquat ; Hämodialyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei einer Patientin mit schwerer Diquat-Intoxikation wurden extrakorporale Hämodialysen durchgeführt. Die Diquat-Clearance betrug im Mittel 3,17 ml/min. Durch 11,5stündige Dialyse konnten nur 0,84 mg Diquat aus dem Blutserum eliminiert werden. Die Hämodialyse ist daher kein geeignetes Verfahren, um einen Tag nach der Ingestion toxikologisch relevante Mengen Diquat aus dem Organismus zu entfernen.
    Notes: Abstract Extracorporeal hemodialyses were carried out in a female patient with severe diquat intoxication. Diquat clearance was on average 3.17 ml/min. Only 0.84 mg diquat could be eliminated from the blood serum by 11.5 hrs of dialysis. Hemodialysis is therefore not an efficient technique for removing amounts of diquat from the organism that are toxicologically relevant one day after ingestion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Acer ; Bud dormancy ; Dormancy (bud)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Levels of free-abscisic acid and “boundabscisic acid” (alkaline hydrolyzable abscisic acidesters) in replicated samples of terminal vegetative buds of sycamore trees were measured during natural emergence from winter dormancy by gas chromatographic methods together with isotope dilution estimation of recovery rates. Not until after the buds had been released from true dormancy in January by winter chilling did any clear change occur in either abscisic acid (ABA) fraction, or in total ABA, on any basis of comparison. The percentage of total ABA present as the free acid declined at the end of true dormancy to approximately two-thirds of its value in the earlier winter months. It is concluded that glucosylation of ABA is unlikely to play a major part in the mechanism of release from dormancy in vegetative sycamore buds. At the end of true dormancy there was a large transient increase in what appeared to be phaseic acid, but this was not accompanied by any marked decrease in either free- or bound-ABA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 23 (1978), S. 385-391 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between serum levels of conjugates of cholic acid measured by radioimmunoassay, bile acid absorption, and hepatic clearance was studied in order to define the determinants of fasting and postprandial serum bile acids in healthy man. Acute or chronic interruption of the enterohepatic circulation caused a significant decrease in basal serum levels of cholyl conjugates, while liquid or solid meals caused a marked and reproducible increase in serum cholyl conjugates. A temporal correlation was demonstrated postprandially or after intravenous cholecystokinin between intestinal transit of bile acids and simultaneous changes in levels of serum cholyl conjugates. Finally, the plasma disappearance of intravenously injected cholylglycine was shown to be unaffected by serum levels of endogenous cholyl conjugates. These data are consistent with the interpretation that, in the presence of normal hepatic function, the major determinant of serum bile acids is their rate of intestinal absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 26 (1943), S. 929-943 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 26 (1943), S. 1570-1601 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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