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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 4 (1975), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: By means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel the precipitins to C. albicans in sera from 18 patients with deep Candida infection were compared with the findings in a control material consisting of sera from 169 'normal' controls (mainly healthy blood donors), 25 patients with oral candidiasis, 14 patients with vaginal candidiasis, and 6 persons without candidiasis giving false positive reactions by the double diffusion method. Up to 20 different precipitins were found in individual sera, and precipitins were demonstrated in all sera except in 6 'normal' controls. Of 692 precipitins 682 (98%) were identified and titrated in terms of the 78-component reference system described earlier for C. albicans. No free Candida antigens were found, but would have been detected by the method. The best criterion for discrimination between sera from patients and controls was the precipitin score, which accounts for number of precipitins and for titres. A precipitin score of more than 6 1/2 had a diagnostic sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 99.5%. Eleven precipitin specificities were found solely in the patients' sera, but the highest sensitivity for a single precipitin was 33%. Until more evidence has accumulated in favour of a monospecific immunoassay it is therefore rational to use a complex antigen extract for further evaluations of diagnostic Candida serology and a short cut to standardization would be the introduction of the method used in the present study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 266 (1977), S. 736-737 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Figure 1 shows the location of a typical CA1 neurone with reference to the layers of the hippocampal slice, and the arrangement of the stimulating and recording electrodes used to study two independent pathways, one in the layer of basal dendrites (str. oriens) and the other in the layer of apical ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 13 (1971), S. 208-221 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hippocampal formation ; Single units ; Population spike ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The assumption that the negative extracellular population spikes recorded from the pyramidal or granular layers in the hippocampal formation in response to appropriate afferent volleys is due to the sum of individual unitary discharges was tested by recording unit activity and population spike with microelectrodes, using normal and ultrashort amplifier time constants. 2. Unit spikes were correlated in time with the population spike. 3. The size of the population spike was altered by varying the stimulus strength, or by using a conditioning-test technique. In either case the number of units recorded followed the change in the size of the population spike. For very large population spikes, the technique failed since unit spikes could then no longer be clearly distinguished. 4. The theoretically expected shape of the population spike as a summation of individual unit discharges was derived, and discussed in terms of the observed results. 5. We conclude that over a wide range the height of the population spike is an increasing function of the number of discharging cells and can thus be used as a measure of the extent to which an afferent volley discharges a cell population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 13 (1971), S. 222-238 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hippocampal formation ; Excitatory pathways ; Lamellar organization ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Entorhinal activation of the hippocampal cortex involves the sequential activation of a four-membered pathway: the perforant path from the entorhinal area — the mossy fibres from the dentate granule cells — the Schaffer collaterals of the CA3 pyramidal cells and finally, the CA1 pyramidal cell axons in the alveus. 2. The spatial orientation of these four fibre bundles has been studied by recording the extracellular field potentials (population spike), signalling the discharge of neurones in response to orthodromic or antidromic impulses. The height of the population spike was taken as an indicator of the number of cells discharged (see the previous paper). 3. The perforant path fibres from neighbouring parts of the entorhinal area run in a parallel fashion in a direction nearly transversely to the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus. In the dorsal part of the hippocampus, this direction was nearly sagittal, confirming Lømo (1971 a). The mossy fibres as well as the Schaffer collaterals and the alvear fibres were all found to run in the same direction. Thus, a point source of entorhinal activity projects its impulses through the four-membered pathway along a slice, or lamella, of hippocampal tissue oriented normally to the alvear surface and nearly sagittally in the dorsal part of the hippocampal formation. Also with more temporal locations of the stimulating and recording electrodes, the lamellar organization was maintained, but with a different orientation, matching the curving of the hippocampus so that the angle between the plane of the lamella and the longitudinal axis remained the same. 4. By injection of a quick-setting solution of vinyl acetate, the direction of the arteries and veins in the hippocampal formation was displayed. The branches from the artery running in the hippocampal fissure are nearly straight and are oriented in a direction similar to that of the lamellae. 5. The hippocampal cortex seems to be organized in parallel lamellae, both with regard to the neuronal and the vascular system. By means of this lamellar organization, small strips of the hippocampal cortex may operate as independent functional units, although excitatory and inhibitory transverse connections may modify the behaviour of the neighbouring lamellae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 17 (1973), S. 152-168 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hippocampus ; Output fibres ; Cat and rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The spatial organization of the efferent projections of CA1 and CA3 hippocampal pyramids has been studied using recordings of fibre volleys, orthodromic and antidromic population spikes and synaptic field potentials, following microelectrode stimulation of the fimbria, CA1 alveus, or subiculum. 2. Only CA3 pyramidal cells were found to send their axons into the fimbria. In the septal two thirds of the hippocampus the CA1 pyramidal cells project in a caudal direction to the pyramidal part of the subiculum. The temporal third was not explored for technical reasons. 3. Fimbrial fibres are arranged in a strictly parallel fashion, the rostro-medial CA3 cells distributing their axons near to the hippocampus, while those located at the temporal extreme distribute their axons to the outer edge of the fimbria. The organization of the Schaffer collaterals and the projections of the CA1 cells consisted of parallel lamellae, oriented nearly transversely to the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus in rabbits (more obliquely in cats). The findings indicate that CA3 cell discharge via the Schaffer collaterals represents a major input driving the CA1 cells. 4. The dichotomy with regard to hippocampal output suggests that the CA3 and CA1 regions of the hippocampus may subserve different functions, thus probably participating differentially in various behavioural situations. 5. This organization makes it possible to study the behaviour of animals with selective and regional de-efferentation of the CA3 or of the CA1 regions by making discrete lesions in the fimbria and alveus, respectively. Alternatively, recording the fibre volley from the fimbria may provide a useful monitor of the output of the CA3 region during different behaviours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary (1) Two viper cell lines were investigated, one which harbors IMV in the mitochondria (VSW cells) and one without detectable IMV (VH3 cells). (2) The size of closed circular mtDNA molecules from both VSW and VH3 cells was found to be significantly greater (5.4 to 5.6µ) than the contour lengths of typical mammalian cells (4.8 to 5.2µ). (3) A small percentage of mini-circles ranging in size from 0.1 to 0.6µ was observed to band with closed circular mtDNA from both cell lines. Minicircles were especially abundant in VH3 cells. (4) MtDNA from VSW cells contained 34.1% dimers plus oligomers (10.2% oligomers), whereas VH3 cells had only 14.8% dimeric and oligomeric forms (5.4% oligomers). (5) Treatment of VSW cells with 1µg/ml ethidium bromide for 48 hours resulted in an increased incidence of IMV (IMV in 15% of mitochondrial sections) as compared with untreated VSW cells (IMV in 3% of mitochondrial sections).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1975), S. 870-886 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, and dynamic-mechanical testing have been used to study flow-crystallized and hot drawn isotactic polypropylene. As a result of these investigations, it was found that bimodal crystal textures can apparently be formed by at least two different treatments, but the corresponding morphologies are completely different. Flow-induced crystallization was observed to result in a microstructure of lamellae oriented perpendicular to the flow direction, while hot drawing of polypropylene films above a critical temperature produced a morphology of microfibrils lying parallel to the draw direction. Below this critical temperature, drawing produced a fibrillar morphology having only a typical unimodal fibre texture. As a result of information obtained here, a mechanism involving epitaxial deposition of chain segments onto growing lamellae is concluded to be responsible for formation of the bimodal crystal texture in flow-crystallized material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Muscle glycogen ; Muscle and blood lactic acid ; Fibre type glycogen depletion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-eight adult female and male subjects performed recreational skiing, which took place in terrain with short and long slopes. Muscle biopsies were obtained before and after the skiing from the lateral portion of the quadriceps femoris for histochemical evaluation of glycogen depletion in individual fibres and biochemical analysis of glycogen and lactate content. Blood lactate was also determined. After a day of skiing the decline in muscle glycogen averaged 33 mM/kg in both short and long slope terrain. Technically advanced skiers had a reduction of 38 mM/kg and less advanced skiers had a reduction of 28 mM/kg (p〈0.05). In most subjects there was a predominant loss of glycogen from the slow-twitch fibres (ST). In the most talented skiers glycogen depletion was also observed in the fast-twitch a fibres (FTa). In contrast a pronounced depletion of the fast-twitch b fibres (FTb) was observed in the technically unskilled skier. Muscle lactate concentrations ranged 2–8 mM/kg, the higher values observed in the technically better skiers. Blood lactate values reflected muscle lactate at a 1–2 mM/l lower level. The obtained results suggest that recreational downhill skiing performed by experienced skiers can be characterized as dynamic exercise and that glycogen depleted muscle fibres may contribute to the fatigue experienced after a day of skiing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 217-221 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ribbons of molten polypropylene have been extruded into a thermostatted chamber and subjected to elongations ranging as high as 4400-fold. Some of these ribbons have been shown to possess the unusual ability of recovering nearly all of the strain from large levels of stretch (≤100 percent). This property, as well as the magnitude of the tensile yield drop, has been found to be directly proportional to the uniaxial character of the flow present at the moment of crystallization. The structure in the final solid films has been characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction and crystal orientation distribution. Both of these factors have been found to be proportional to the character of flow at the moment of crystallization. Finally, the temperature in the thermostatted chamber has been shown to affect the character of the flow.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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