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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 96 (1974), S. 5585-5586 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 95 (1973), S. 332-344 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Monocomponent insulin ; proinsulin ; insulin-antigenicity ; glomerulus ; glomerular basement membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A total of 90 rabbits were treated with monocomponent insulin (MC Actrapid Novo) and a+b component (proinsulin, intermediates, “dimer”, high-molecular proteins) and their solvents for 3 months without Freund's adjuvant. The insulin-binding capacity of the serum, as an expression of the antibody titre, as well as the light and electron microscopic structure of the glomerular basement membrane were studied. It was shown that on treatment with MC insulin there was no significant antibody formation and no increased occurrence of subepithelial, hump-like, basement membrane protuberances. In contrast, following immunization with a+b component there was a significantly higher antibody titre and a pronounced increase in nodular basement membrane changes of the glomeruli. The findings show that the impurities (a+b component) in the insulins in normal commercial usage are evidently responsible for the higher antigenicity. Further, it can be demonstrated that investigations of glomerular structures allow one to draw conclusions as to the degree of the antigenicity of different insulin preparations although the actual cause of the increased occurrence of basement membrane changes with increasing antigenicity of the insulin preparation is still unclarified. Possible causes which ought to be discussed are deposition of immune complexes and/or increased and structurally atypical basement membrane synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary On 3 patients suffering from primary refractory anaemia, 3 patients with sideroachrestic anaemia, 7 with stem cell leukaemia and 6 normals, the portion of DNA synthetizing bone marrow precursors was investigated using 3H-TDR puls labelling in vitro. In addition the distribution of the erythroblasts within the different stages of the cellcycle has been evaluated by combining autoradiography with quantitative cytochemical determination of the relative DNA content. In all cases the frequency of DNS-synthetizing erythroblasts was reduced. In particular that reduction was marked on polychromatic erythroblasts. In primary refractory anaemia and in sideroachrestic anaemia an increased number of G2-cells and of erythroblasts which were arrested in the stage of DNA-synthesis were observed and referred to an ineffective erythropoiesis. In contrast on patients suffering from stem cell leukaemia an increased number of erythroblasts displaying diploid DNA-values was demonstrable. Whilst the results on red cell precursors showed clear differences between primary refractory anaemia and stem cell leukaemia; the results obtained on white cell precursors were similar. In 2 out of 3 cases with primary refractory anaemia a decrease in the number of DNA-synthetizing white cell precursors could be observed, which was comparable to the degree of reduction of the proliferative activity in cases of stem cell leukaemia.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An Knochenmarkvorstufen von 3 Patienten mit primär refraktären Anämien (pRA), 3 essentiellen sideroachrestischen Anämien (eSA), 7 unreifzelligen Leukämien wurde nach 3H-Thymidin-Pulsmarkierung in vitro der Anteil DNS-synthetisierender Zellen ermittelt. Weiter wurde an den Erythroblasten dieser Patienten durch eine Kombination von Autoradiographie mit der quantitativ-zytochemischen Bestimmung des relativen DNS-Gehaltes die Häufigkeitsverteilung dieser Vorstufen innerhalb der verschiedenen Zellzyklusphasen ausgewertet und die Ergebnisse Normalpersonen gegenübergestellt. Erythroblasten im Stadium der DNS-Synthese waren bei allen untersuchten Krankheitsbildern in ihrer relativen Häufigkeit vermindert. Von dieser Störung waren insbesondere polychromatische Erythroblasten betroffen. Unmarkierte Synthesezellen und eine Vermehrung von G2-Zellen wiesen bei pRA und eSA auf eine ineffektive Erythropoese hin. Demgegenüber war bei unreifzelligen Leukämien eine Vermehrung von Erythroblasten außerhalb des Proliferationspools nachweisbar. Während die Ergebnisse an roten Vorstufen zwischen den refraktären Anämien und den unreifzelligen Leukämien deutliche Unterschiede zeigten, waren die Befunde bei der Untersuchung granulopoetischer Vorstufen ähnlicher. Bei 2 von 3 Fällen mit pRA wurden Verminderungen des Anteils DNS-synthetisierender Vorstufen beobachtet, die an den Schweregrad der Teilungsstörung unreifzelliger Leukämien heranreichten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Lymphocytes ; Subpopulations ; Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia ; Lymphocyten ; Subpopulationen ; Chronische Lymphadenose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zirkulierende Lymphocyten setzen sich aus funktionell heterogenen Zellen zusammen, welche mit morphologischen Methoden allein nur ungenügend differenziert werden können. Unter Verwendung immunologischer und autoradiographischer Methoden wurden Lymphocyten mit Determinanten leichter (kappa) Ketten, Lymphocyten mit Membranreceptoren für Immun-Komplement-Komplexe, lymphatische Zellen mit cytoplasmatischem Immunglobulingehalt und Lymphocyten in DNS-Synthese bestimmt. Gegenüber Normalpersonen waren bei Patienten mit chronischer Lymphadenose Abweichungen an mehreren dieser Lymphocytenpopulationen nachweisbar. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf das Konzept thymus- und knochenmarkabhängiger Lymphocyten diskutiert, deren Differenzierung mit immunologischen Methoden erleichtert wird.
    Notes: Summary Circulating lymphocytes consist of a heterogenous cell population. Employing immunological and autoradiographic methods lymphocytes with Ig (kappa) determinants, those with membrane receptors for immune-complement complexes, lymphocytes containing Ig intracellularly and those in DNA synthesis were evaluated in normals and in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The concept of functionally defective lymphocytes in CLL was further substantiated. The use of immunological markers for identifying thymus (T)- and bone marrow (B) derived human lymphocytes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 48 (1970), S. 634-636 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A test system for demonstrating complement receptors on human peripheral lymphocytes is described. Red cells coated with antibody and complement formed rosettes around 20% of blood lymphocytes, whereas in controls only very few rosettes were observed. The percentage of lymphocytes with rosettes was related to the amount of complement on the red cells. In contrast to monocytes the complement receptor on lymphocytes was not inhibited by EDTA, whereas trypsin treatment showed an adverse effect on the receptor of both cell types. In 9 of 10 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia a significantly lower percentage of lymphocytes exhibiting receptor activity for complement was observed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein Testsystem zum Nachweis von Komplementreceptoren an menschlichen Lymphocyten wird beschireben. Bei Zusatz von Erythrocyten-Antikörper-Komplementkomplexen kam es um 20% (10–29%) von Blutlymphocyten zur Rosettenbildung, während in den entsprechenden Kontrollen solche Rosetten höchstens vereinzelt nachweisbar waren. Der Prozentsatz rosettenbildender Lymphocyten war von der Komplementkonzentration abhängig. Im Gegensatz zum Komplementreceptor an Monocyten war der an Lymphocyten durch EDTA nicht hemmbar, während eine Trypsinbehandlung zu einer Hemmung der Reaktion an beiden Zellarten führte. Bei 9 von 10 Patienten mit chronisch lymphatischer Leukämie war der Prozentsatz rosettenbildender Lymphocyten signifikant niedriger als der bei Normalpersonen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 50 (1972), S. 484-486 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cytotoxic antibodies ; Lymphocytes ; Lupus erythematosus ; Cytotoxische Antikörper ; Lymphocyten ; Lupus erythematodes ; Autoantikörper
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Seren von Patienten mit Lupus erythematodes, mit primär chronischer Polyarthritis, mit lymphoproliferativen Erkrankungen sowie verschiedenen Erkrankungen mit antinucleären Antikörpern wurden auf das Vorhandensein von Antikörpern gegen autologe Lymphocyten, sog. „Lymphocytotoxine“ getestet. Diese Lymphocytotoxine konnten fast ausschließlich bei Patienten mit LE nachgewiesen werden. Von 12 Patienten mit LE fehlten diese Antikörper nur in einem Fall. Ihr Auftreten war unabhängig von der Aktivität der Erkrankung. Die Virusätologie als Ursache der Entstehung des LE wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Sera of patients suffering from Lupus erythematosus (LE), rheumatoid arthritis, lymphoproliferative disorders and various diseases with a high incidence of antinuclear antibodies were investigated with regard to antibodies against autologous lymphocytes, the so called “lymphocytotoxins”. These lymphocytotoxins were detected almost exclusively in patients with LE. They were present in 11 of 12 patients with LE in active as well as in successfully treated cases. The etiology of the disease is discussed in the light of these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Lymphocytes ; Lymphocytes ; Ig determinants ; subpopulations ; Hypogammaglobulinaemia ; Lymphocyten ; Lymphocyten-Ig-Determinanten ; Lymphocyten-Subpolulationen ; Hypogammaglobulinämien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter Verwendung125I markierter monospezifischer Antiseren gegen menschlicheμ-,γ-,α-,κ-undλ-Ketten bestimmten wir den Prozentsatz Ig-tragender Blutlymphocyten bei Patienten mit primären und symptomatischen Hypogammaglobulinämien. Zwei Patienten mit geschlechtsgebundenen Hypogammaglobulinämien, 2 mit IgA-Defekten, 4 mit transitorischen Hypogammaglobulinämien und 13 mit symptomatischer. Hypogammaglobulinämien (7 multiple Myelome, 2 M. Waldenström und 4 chronische Lymphadenosen) wurden untersucht. Bei erwachsenen Kontrollen fanden wir im Mittelκ-Ketten an 18,5%,λ-Ketten an 2,8%,μ-Ketten an 12,1%,γ-Ketten an 10,5% undα-Ketten an 3,9% der Blutlymphocyten. Prinzipiell ähnliche Ergebnisse wurden bei gesunden Kindern, bei Patienten mit transitorischen Hypogammaglobulinämien und solchen mit IgA-Defekten erhalten. Im Gegensatz dazu fehlten Ig-tragende Lymphocyten in beiden Fällen mit geschlechtsgebundener Hypogammaglobulinämie weitgehend. Normale Werte wurden bei ihren Eltern und bei den untersuchten Geschwistern erhalten. Trotz einer deutlichen Verminderung zumindest eines der Serum-Ig fanden sich bei Patienten mit multiplen Myelomen normale oder lediglich leicht herabgesetzte Zahlen Ig-tragender Lymphocyten. Bei Kranken mit M. Waldenström waren IgM-tragende Lymphocyten stark vermehrt. Trotz verminderter Serum-Ig Spiegel waren die anderen Ig-Klassen an der Zelloberfläche in etwa normaler Häufigkeit nachzuweisen. Diese Diskrepanz war bei Patienten mit chronischer Lymphadenose besonders ausgeprägt, bei denen eine extreme Vermehrung Ig-tragender Lymphocyten mit normalen oder verminderten Serum-Ig-Spiegeln einherging. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf eine Störung der B-Zellreifung diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Using125I labelled monospecific antisera against human,μ-,γ-,α-,κ- andλ-chains we investigated the percntage of surface Ig-bearing lymphocytes in patients suffering from primary or acquired hypogammaglobulinaemias. Two patients with sex-linked hypogammalobulinaemia, 2 with IgA defects, 4 with transitory hypogammaglobulinaemia and 13 patients with secondary hypogammaglobulinaemia (7 with multiple myeloma, 2 with M. Waldenström, 4 with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia) were studied. In healthy adult controlsκ-chains were found in the average on 18.5%.λ-chains on 2.8%,μ-chains on 12.1%,γ-chains on 10.5% andα-chains on 3.9% of blood lymphocytes. Comparable results were obtained in children, in patients suffering from transitory hypogammaglobulinaemia and in those with IgA-defects. In contrast, lymphocytes bearing Ig-determinants were almost absent in both cases with sex-linked hypogammaglobulinaemia (normal values were obtained in both parents and the siblings investigated). In patients with multiple myeloma, despite a low level of at least one immunoglobulin in the serum, normal or only slightly reduced numbers of lymphocytes with Ig-determinants were observed. In patients with M. Waldenström IgM-bearing lymphocytes were markedly increased, but the other Ig classes were represented in normal numbers despite reduced serum levels. In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia the disagreement between very high numbers of lymphocytes bearing at least L-chain determinants on their surfaces and the Ig serum levels was striking. The results are discussed in regard to a maturation defect of B-lymphocytes in hypogammaglobulinaemias.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plastic surgery 1 (1972), S. 166-173 
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 5 Fälle von Met-Hb-ämie nach Verbrennungen über 15% der gesamten Körperoberfläche werden beschrieben. Es wird auf ein direkte toxische, jedoch reversible Ursache auf Grund der Verbrennungskrankheit hingewiesen und schließlich eine prophylaktische Therapie mit hohen Dosen von Vitamin C täglich empfohlen.
    Notes: Summary The diagnosis of methaemoglobinaemia after burns is often very difficult because of its lack of clinical symptoms. In a series of 64 patients (including 31 children) with burns of over 15% of the whole body surface, 5 children with a methaemoglobinaemia have been diagnosed and treated. Only in one patient, a four years old girl with 20% of burned body surface, were all clinical symptoms observed, while the methaemoglobin in the blood rose to 57%. The therapy in this case consisted of 1 mg/kg body weight/day of methylene blue and 20 g of Vitamin C intravenously. The grave and dangerous symptoms dissapeared after 5 hours. For the next 20 days the therapy was continued by high dosage of Vitamin C intravenously till the methaemoglobin in the blood became normal. The other four cases were treated with high dosage of Vitamin C intravenously (4 to 8 g/d) until the Met-Hb concentration in the blood fell to normal level. A hereditary defect of the erythrocytes, which is considered to be the most frequent cause of this disease, has been excluded through laboratory investigations of the various enzymes. Amino-benzol-sulfonamide has been used only in two cases, but the content of sulfonamide in the urine was not increased. In conclusion, we consider methaemoglobinaemia following burns (especially in children) to be a not very rare complication, and is a reversible toxical consequence of burns caused by the oxydation of haemoglobin. Therefore we recommend for all cases of burns (over 10 to 15%) a prophylactic therapy of 4 to 5 g/d Vitamin C intravenously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Lymphocytes, subpopulations ; Lymphocytes, functional heterogeneity ; Lymphocytes, immunoglobulin determinants ; Lymphocytes, receptor sits for immune complexes ; Lymphocyten, Subpopulationen ; Lymphocyten, funktionelle Heterogenität ; Lymphocyten, Immunglobulindeterminanten ; Lymphocyten, Oberflächenreceptoren für Immunkomplexe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus verschiedenen Organen isolierte lymphatische Zellen wurden auf das Vorhandensein von Immunglobulindeterminanten an ihrer Oberfläche und auf Receptoren für Antigen-Antikörper-Komplementkomplexe untersucht. Durch simultane Untersuchungen konnte gezeigt werden, daß beide untersuchten Zellpopulationen in der Milz und im Lymphknoten in Ähnlicher Häufigkeit nachgewiesen werden können, während sie in Thymuszellsuspensionen weitgehend fehlten. Wurden Lymphocyten mit Immunglobulindeterminanten durch Zusatz von Anti-leichte Ketten-(Kappa-)Antiseren und Komplement lysiert, so erniedrigte sich der Prozentsatz von CRL unter den überlebenden Zellen deutlich. Im Gegensatz dazu war der Anteil von CRL nach Vorbehandlung von Lymphocyten mit Anti-Thymuszellen-Antiserum oder mit Anti-θ-Antiserum und Komplement stark erhöht. Wurden Lymphocytensuspensionen durch Zentrifugation in einem diskontinuierlichen Albumingradienten von CRL gereinigt, so konnte ein gleichzeitiger Verlust von Zellen mit Immunglobulindeterminanten beobachtet werden. Im Gegensatz dazu stieg in den so behandelten Zellsuspensionen der Anteil von Lymphocyten, die mit Anti-Thymuszellen-Antiserum oder mit Anti-θ-Antiserum reagierten, deutlich an. Schließlich konnten Immunglobulindeterminanten durch eine kombinierte Methode an etwa 85% der CRL dargestellt werden, während dies nur an einem vergleichsweise geringen Teil der non-CRL (etwa 15%) beobachtet werden konnte. Aus diesen Befunden schlossen wir, daß beide untersuchten Eigenschaften Marker ein und derselben „knochenmarksabhängigen“ Lymphocytenpopulation darstellen und diskutierten die Bedeutung dieser Zellen bei der Anreicherung von Antigenen in bestimmten Abschnitten des lymphatischen Systems.
    Notes: Summary On mice lymphocytes isolated from thymus, lymphnodes and spleen we investigated the portion of cells bearing immunoglobulin determinants and those with receptor sites for antigen-antibody-complement complexes (CRL). Lymphocytes with immunoglobulin determinants were evaluated by fluorescent staining and by cytotoxic assays employing anti kappa antisera. CRL were detected by incubating lymphocytes with sensitized and complement coated red cells (EAC). Both cell populations were found in similar frequency in cell suspensions of lymphnodes and spleens, whereas in the thymus both were almost missing. If lymphocytes bearing immunoglobulin determinants were lysed by addition of anti kappa antiserum and complement, the percentage of CRL within the surviving cells was very markedly reduced. By contrast a comparable increase of CRL was observed after pretreatment of spleen cells with anti thymocyte antiserum or with antiθ antiserum and complement. By centrifugation in a discontinous albumin gradient lymphocyte suspensions containing a very low number of CRL were obtained. These suspensions were enriched of lymphocytes reacting with anti thymocyte antiserum and with antiθ antiserum, but deficient on cells with immunoglobulin determinants. After staining lymphocytes bearing immunoglobulin determinants with appropriate fluorescent antisera they were incubated with EAC. By these means both markers were simultaneously evaluated. Immunoglobulin determinants were demonstrated on about 85% of CRL, but only on 15% of non-CRL. From these experiments we concluded a close correlation between lymphocytes bearing immunoglobulin determinants and CRL. Both features were primarily present on so called bone marrow derived cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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