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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spin Density Distribution and Electronic Structure of Radical Anions of Ladder-type Oligorylenes (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 116 (1994), S. 7341-7348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00095a043
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-dose prednisolone/chlorambucil therapy in patients with severe membranous glomerulonephritis (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis ; Treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Because of the high rate of spontaneous remission, treatment of membranous nephropathy with prednisolone and chlorambucil is still controversial. The aim of this study was to give this therapy only to those patients at risk of developing renal insufficiency and to test the efficacy of a low-dose therapeutic regimen. Seventeen patients with more than 10 g protein excretion per day (mean 16.9) and/or a deterioration in renal function (mean serum creatinine, 162 μmol/l) were included. Serum total protein, serum lipids, proteinuria, serum creatinine, and blood pressure were measured, along with the diuretic and antihypertensive medication. The observation time before the start of treatment was 27 ± 27 months. Steroids were given during months 1, 3, and 5 (methylprednisolone 3 × 500 mg intravenously) prednisolone 0.5 mg/kgBW daily per os for 1 week, then tapered by 0.1 mg/kg BW/week for 1 month. Chlorambucil was given during months 2, 4, and 6 at a dose of 0.12 mg/kgBW daily. At the end of treatment proteinuria had significantly decreased (mean of all patients, 7.8 ± 1.4 g/d) in all patients. Six months after the end of treatment proteinuria was significantly lower than at baseline in 14 of 17 patients. Hypoproteinemia and hyperlipidemia had improved; diuretic and antihypertensive medication were reduced. Elevated serum creatinine decreased in 7 of 9 patients (pretreatment, 227 ± 39 μmol/1; 6 months, 176 ± 28 μmol/l). Nonresponders with respect to serum creatinine responded with respect to proteinuria. Regarding adverse effects, two patients complained of dyspepsia while taking steroids; during chlorambucil treatment two patients experienced nausea and lack of appetite, and one developed leukopenia (1600/μl). Chlorambucil was stopped and cell counts normalized 2 weeks later. We conclude that low-dose prednisolone/chlorambucil is both safe and efficient in the majority of patients with severe membranous nephropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180040
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of cGMP and Ca2+ in Vertebrate Photoreceptor Excitation and Adaptation (1992)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 54 (1992), S. 153-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.54.030192.001101
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Penetration of ceftazidime into human pancreas (1993)
    Springer
    Infection 21 (1993), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einsatz von Antibiotika bei schwerer akuter Pankreatitis (Stadium II und III) ist indiziert, da bakterielle Komplikationen häufigste Todesursache sind. Ceftazidim wurde hinsichtlich seiner Permeation in das Pankreassekret, in gesundes und chronisch entzündetes Pankreasgewebe sowie in nekrotische Areale bei schwerer Pankreatitis des Menschen untersucht. Im Pankreassekret fand sich 60 Minuten nach intravenöser Gabe von 35 mg/kg eine Spitzenkonzentration von 12,9±5,9 mg/l. Das sind 32% des korrespondierenden Serumspiegels. Die Gewebespiegel variierten, in Abhängigkeit vom Enzündungsstadium, zwischen 9 und 79% der jeweiligen Serumkonzentration. Auch in Pankreasnekrosen ließen sich nach fünftägiger Behandlung (3 × 2 g) Ceftazidimspiegel zwischen 1,8 und 6,9 mg/kg nachweisen. Somit sind in allen untersuchten Kompartimenten ausreichend hohe, antibakterielle Wirkspiegel nach Gabe von Ceftazidim in therapeutischer Dosierung nachweisbar, so daß sich aus pharmakokinetischer Sicht Ceftazidim als ein potentiell geeignetes Präparat bei Pankreatitis anbietet.
    Notes: Summary The use of antibiotics in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (stage II and III) is indicated since bacterial complications are the most common cause of death in these patients. In the present study the penetration of ceftazidime into pancreatic juice, into healthy and chronically inflamed pancreatic tissue as well as into necrotic regions in cases of severe acute pancreatitis was investigated. A peak concentration of 12.9±5.9 mg/l was found 60 min after intravenous administration of 35 mg/kg of the drug, which is 32% of the corresponding serum levels. Pancreatic tissue concentrations varied between 9 and 79% of the corresponding serum levels, depending on the stage of inflammation. After five days of antibiotic treatment with doses of 2 g t.i.d., concentrations between 1.8 and 6.9 mg/kg were detected even in pancreatic necroses. This suggests that sufficient antibacterial levels of ceftazidime were present in all pancreatic compartments analyzed following administration of common therapeutic dosages. Therefore, from a pharmacokinetic point of view, ceftazidime could be a potentially effective drug for the treatment of pancreatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728896
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bis(N-piperidyldithiocarbamato)copper(III) hexafluorophosphate: an unexpected product from the disproportionation of 1,12-bis(N-piperidyl)-2,5,8,11-tetrathiadodeca-1,12-dithionato-CuI.PF6 (1991)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 47 (1991), S. 26-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270190007168
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    155. Zur Immuntherapie der akuten Tetanuserkrankung (1969)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 325 (1969), S. 952-954 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter den 32 Patienten, die in der Zeit zwischen 1966 und 1968 mit manifester Tetanuserkrankung zur stationären Behandlung kamen, waren 21 weder aktiv noch passiv immunisiert worden. Die übrigen 11 hatten teils Tetanol, teils heterologes Serum oder eine Kombination beider erhalten. Nach der stationären Aufnahme wurden alle aktiv immunisiert und mit heterologem oder homologem Serum behandelt. Bestimmungen des neutralisierenden Antitoxintiters zeigten bei vergleichbarer Dosierung die Überlegenheit des humanen Hyperimmunglobulins. Aus immunologischen Überlegungen wird bei manifester Erkrankung die Gabe von homologem Serum empfohlen.
    Notes: Summary Amongst the 32 patients, who came to us for hospital treatment for manifest tetanus between 1966 and 1968, 21 were neither actively nor passively immunised. The remaining 11 had received either Tetanol or heterologous serum or a combination of the two. After admission to hospital, they were all actively immunised and treated with either heterologous or homologous serum. Determination of the neutralising antitoxin titres demonstrated the superiority of the human hyper-immunoglobulin using comparative dosage. As a result of immunological consideration, we would recommend administration of homologous serum in cases, where the disease is manifest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01256051
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of antihypertensive therapy on renal function (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. S120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Kidney ; Antihypertensive drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antihypertensive therapy influences kidney function by different mechanisms depending on the mode of action of the drug used. The GFR is improved by calcium entry blockers and ACE inhibitors, unaffected by vasodilators, α-blockers and centrally acting sympatholytics and impaired by β-blockers. The same is true for renal blood flow and is due to changes of renal vascular resistance. Renal sodium excretion is impaired mostly by vasodilators, by α-blockers, sympatholytics and β-blockers; in contrast, calcium entry blockers and ACE inhibitors acutely induce natriuresis. The RAAS is stimulated by vasodilators, unaffected by α-blockers and sympatholytics and suppressed by β-blockers. Plasma catecholamines are stimulated by vasodilators and suppressed by centrally acting sympatholytics and unaffected by the others. Induction of acute renal functional impairment is reported for ACE inhibitors under conditions of compromised renal perfusion pressure such as in renal artery stenosis. These data from the literature reviewed are supported by our own experimental data on sodium balance under different drugs and micropuncture data in experimental renal artery stenosis. To achieve effective antihypertensive treatment with a low profile of side effects, careful monitoring of renal function seems to be mandatory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207622
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Verhalten der Herzfrequenz unter pulsatiler Betamimetika- Applikation (Bolustokolyse) (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 254 (1993), S. 1438-1439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02266466
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kritischer venöser Sauerstoffdruck an der erythrocytenfrei perfundierten isolierten Rattenniere (1966)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 290 (1966), S. 89-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Isolierte Rattennieren wurden mit künstlichem Plasma rezirkulierend durchströmt. Durch schrittweises Senken des arteriellen O2-Druckes wurde derjenige arterielle und venöse O2-Druck bestimmt, bei dessen Unterschreiten die O2-Aufnahme des Präparates abzusinken beginnt. Dieser kritische O2-Druck betrug im arteriellen Einstrom 260, im venösen Ausfluß 30–40 Torr. Gleichzeitig mit dem Absinken der O2-Aufnahme war eine signifikante Abnahme der prozentualen Natrium-Reabsorption und eine signifikante Zunahme der Natrium-Ausscheidung zu beobachten. Außerdem kam es zu einem Anstieg der Lactat-Konzentration im Perfusat und zu einem Abfall des Glomerulumfiltrates. Diese Veränderungen wurden jedoch erst bei einem mittleren venösen O2-Druck von 9 Torr signifikant. Das Verhältnis von Natrium-Netto-Transport zu O2-Aufnahme nahm bei Unterschreiten des kritischen O2-Druckes zu. Anscheinend kann ein Teil des Natriumtransportes durch Energie aus Glykolyse aufrechterhalten werden. Der O2-Druck im Harn lag bei Erreichen des kritischen venösen O2-Druckes bei 9–13 Torr. Es läßt sich abschätzen, daß die ungenügende O2-Versorgung bei Unterschreiten des kritischen venösen O2-Druckes nicht nur das Nierenmark, sondern auch die Nierenrinde betrifft. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß der kritische venöse O2-Druck an der normalen, mit Blut perfundierten Niere niedriger sein muß als an diesem Präparat, wenn in der Nierenrinde eine ungleichmäßige Verteilung der Durchströmung oder ein Diffusionskurzschluß für O2 existiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00362622
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intratubulärer Druck, glomerulärer Capillardruck und Glomerulumfiltrat nach Furosemid und Hydrochlorothiazid (1967)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 295 (1967), S. 80-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Glomerulumfiltrat, proximaler intratubulärer Druck bei freiem Fluß und proximaler intratubulärer Druck nach Blockade des Tubulus wurden an narkotisierten Ratten vor und nach i.v. Injektion von Hydrochlorothiazid (Esidrix) oder von Furosemid (Lasix) gemessen. Nach Injektion beider Verbindungen stieg der intratubuläre Druck bei freiem Fluß mit zunehmendem Harnfluß an. Nach Hydrochlorothiazid nahm das Glomerulumfiltrat proportional zum Anstieg des intratubulären Druckes ab. Der intratubuläre Druck nach Blockade des Tubulus änderte sich dabei nicht. Nach Furosemid änderte sich das Glomerulumfiltrat nicht oder stieg leicht an, während der intratubuläre Druck nach Blockade des Tubulus sich deutlich erhöhte. Die Ergebnisse werden dahingehend interpretiert, daß nach Hydrochlorothiazid der glomeruläre Capillardruck konstant bleibt und daß die Abnahme des Glomerulumfiltrates allein durch den Anstieg des intratubulären Druckes bedingt ist. Andererseits führt Furosemid zu einem Anstieg des glomerulären Capillardruckes, der dem des intratubulären Druckes etwa entspricht. Dadurch bleibt nach Furosemid der effektive Filtrationsdruck und das Glomerulumfiltrat, selbst bei sehr hohem Harnfluß, konstant.
    Notes: Summary Glomerular filtration rate, proximal intratubular pressure during free-flow and proximal intratubular stop-flow pressure were measured in anesthetized rats before and after intravenous injection of hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix) or of furosemide (Lasix). After injection of each compound, the intratubular free-flow pressure increased with increased rates of urine flow. With hydrochlorothiazide, the glomerular filtration rate decreased in proportion to the increased intratubular pressure whereas the intratubular stop-flow pressure remained constant. With furosemide, the glomerular filtration rate either did not change or increased slightly and the intratubular stop-flow pressure rose markedly. The results are interpreted to mean that hydrochlorothiazide does not influence the glomerular capillary pressure and that the fall in glomerular filtration rate is solely due to the increased intratubular pressure. In contrast, furosemide raises the glomerular capillary pressure to about the same extent as the intratubular pressure increases. Therefore, effective filtration pressure and glomerular filtration rate remain constant, even at very high rates of urine flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00363906
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