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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An In Vitro Model for the Expansion of Vγ9δ2 T Lymphocytes During Development (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 40 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The 7/γ/δTlymphocytes represent a minority of T lymphocytes in human peripheral blood. Although there have been reports of reactivity against (myco-) bacterial antigens and heat shock proteins, their function and antigen specificity remain ill defined. The biological role of γ/δ T cells has been related to functions within the ‘first line of defense’. Similar to γ/δ T lymphocytes in the T-cell compartment, CD5 positive B cells represent a small subset of B lymphocytes, which is thought to be involved in the maintenance of natural immunity and autoimmunity. We provide evidence for the cooperation of γ/δ T cells and CD5 positive B cells in the proliferative response of γ/δ T cells to bacterial antigens. Our data indicate a strong proliferation of Vγ9δ2 T cells in response to gram-negative bacteria, which is dependent upon the presence of CD5 positive B-CLL or activated normal B lymphocytes. The selective stimulation of the Vγ9δ2 subpopulation by gram-negative bacteria is also confirmed by analysis of different γ/δ T-cell clones. The interaction of γ/δ T cells with activated B cells and gram-negative bacteria may prove to be a useful model similar to the expansion of the Vγ9δ2 subpopulation during development. In addition, our in vitro system should provide new insights in the interaction of CLL B cells with the immune system and the antigens recognized by γ/δ T cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03499.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-dose toxicokinetics of aluminum in the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 66 (1992), S. 700-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Aluminum ; Toxicokinetics ; Rat ; Parenterals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The toxicokinetics of aluminum (Al) in male Wistar rats was studied after single intragastric (IG) doses of 1000 and 12000 μg Al/kg and intravenous (IV) doses of 10, 100, 1000, and 12000 μg Al/kg. Serial blood samples, daily samples of urine and feces as well as brain, liver, kidney, spleen, quadriceps muscle, and femur samples were collected. Al was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Al blood profiles after IV doses were adequately described by a two-compartment open model. Al toxicokinetics was dose dependent and appeared to plateau at 12000 μg/kg. At IV doses between 10 and 1000 μg/kg the terminal half-life of elimination from whole blood (t1/2β) increased from 29.9±7.8 to 209.3±32.6 min, and the total body clearance (CL) decreased from 2.45±0.64 to 0.28±0.03 ml min−1 kg−1. Following an IV bolus of 10 and 100 μg/kg the administered Al was recovered completely from urine (94.4%±9.9% and 98.5%±3.2%). Twenty-nine days after the IV dose of 1000 μg/kg daily renal excretion decreased to baseline values while only 55.1%±8.0% of the dose was excreted. Nineteen days after the single IV dose of 1000 μg/kg Al accumulated in liver (28.1±7.7 versus 1.7±0.5 μg/g of control rats) and spleen (72.5±21.1 versus 〈0.4 μg/g). After the single 1000 μg/kg IG dose no absorption of Al was detectable. The IG dose of 12000 μg/kg resulted in a maximum blood Al level of 47.9±12.4 μg/l after 50 min. The blood concentration time curve fitted a one-compartment open model with a half-life of absorption of 28.2±3.6 min and a t1/2β of 81.2±20.2 min. Cumulative renal Al excretion was 0.18%±0.10% of the dose and oral bioavailability was 0.02%. Seventeen days after the 12000 μg/kg IG dose the Al content in femur samples was increased (2.7±1.3 versus 0.6±0.4 μg/g). In no case was fecal elimination of incorporated Al observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972620
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eine neue gegen Bilharziose und Amoebiase wirksame Verbindung (1964)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 20 (1964), S. 452-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 5-[nitro-thiazolyl-(2)]-2-oxo-tetrahydroimidazole was found to possess schistosomicidal and amoebicidal properties. In mice this substance exhibited a curative effect in experimental infections withS. mansoni andS. japonicum. Preliminary clinical trials indicated that the compound is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of vesical bilharziasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02152146
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure to detect any effect of amalgam restorations on peripheral blood lymphocyte populations (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 728-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Amalgam ; Lymphocytes ; Immune system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dental amalgam has been considered to have adverse side effects on the immune system. Reports have been contradictory, indicating both an increase and a decrease in peripheral blood lymphocyte counts associated with amalgam restorations. We investigated two groups of patients, one of which was treated with amalgam restorations for the first time. In the other group, all existing amalgam fillings were removed. Prior to and after treatment, we determined the absolute and relative numbers of granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, T cells, B cells, cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells and natural killer cells. In addition, functional investigations of T cells were performed. We failed to find any effect of amalgam restorations on the immune system in terms of the parameters investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180738
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuron-specific enolase-like immunoreactivity in the vertebrate retina: selective labelling of Müller cells in Anura (1992)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 98 (1992), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) immunocytochemistry was carried out in retinae of goldfish, axolotl, clawed frog, cane toad, lizard, chick, guinea-pig, rabbit, rat, cat and human. With the exception of Anura, strong immunoreactivity was seen in the large ganglion, amacrine cells and horizontal cells of the retina in all of the other species. Photoreceptors were found to be labelled in the rat and human retina and only one cone type in rabbit. Photoreceptor pedicles and ellipsoids were stained in the goldfish and the somata and inner segments of some photoreceptors in axolotl. In the axolotl retina, besides neurons, Müller cells (MCs) were also immunolabelled. In the retina of the cane toad and the clawed frog MCs were the only stained elements. Similarly in other parts of the central nervous system of the cane toad, glial elements of the optic tectum and spinal cord were immunoreactive. In contrast, in the peripheral nervous system, neurons of the 1st sympathetic ganglion and the 2nd dorsal root ganglion were labelled. In double-labelling experiments, glial fibrillary acidic protein and NSE showed colocalisation both in the glial elements of the optic tectum and spinal cord and in MCs of the retina of the cane toad.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271038
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indiumantimonid mit gerichtet eingebauten, elektrisch gut leitenden Einschlüssen: System InSb-NiSb (1963)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 176 (1963), S. 399-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung NiSb löst sich in geschmolzenem InSb bei genügend hohen Temperaturen unter Bildung einer homogenen Schmelze. Läßt man diese erstarren, so erhält man ein zweiphasiges Material. Bei gerichteter Kristallisation oder beim Zonenschmelzen von InSb mit 1,8 Gew.-% NiSb bildet sich ein Eutektikum, in dem sich das NiSb in Form von durchschnittlich etwa 50 μ langen Nadeln von etwa 1 μ Durchmesser ausscheidet. Die Längsachsen der NiSb-Nadeln sind parallel zur Erstarrungsrichtung angeordnet. Die elektrischen Eigenschaften des Eutektikums sind stark anisotrop. Bei zueinander senkrechten Orientierungen von Strom, Magnetfeld und NiSb-Nadeln erhöht sich bei 10000 Gauß und Zimmertemperatur der elektrische Widerstand bis auf den zwanzigfachen Wert. Da von der im Prozentbereich vorhandenen NiSb-Phase keine Dotierung des InSb erfolgt, läßt sich durch Zugabe von Tellur zur Schmelze die Leitfähigkeit beliebig einstellen. Für das Studium der physikalischen Eigenschaften von Halbleitern sowie für Bauelemente in der Technik wünscht man Kristalle mit einem definierten Gehalt an Fremdatomen als Donatoren, Akzeptoren, Rekombinationszentren oder Haftstellen. Unabhängig davon, welche Methode man für die Herstellung der Kristalle wählt, ist es nicht möglich, eine vollkommen statistische Verteilung der Fremdatome zu erhalten. Inhomogenitäten verursachen unerwünschte Effekte wie schlechte Kennlinien bei Gleichrichtern und Transistoren oder eine anisotrope Widerstandsänderung im Magnetfeld bei Substanzen mit hoher Elektronenbeweglichkeit der Ladungsträger. Inhomogenitäten existieren beispielsweise in der Form von periodisch angeordneten Schichten im Kristall, in denen Fremdatome angereichert sind. Inhomogenitäten sind deshalb unerwünscht, weil sie im allgemeinen auch als Inhomogenitäten nicht definiert sind und beim Herstellen der Kristalle nicht reproduzierbar beherrscht werden. Die ausgeprägteste Art von Inhomogenitäten zeigen Halbleiter mit Einschlüssen von zweiten Phasen, die im Grundmaterial nicht löslich sind. Hier kann man in gewissen Fällen definierte anisotrope Strukturen herstellen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird am Beispiel des Eutektikums InSb-NiSb gezeigt, daß der gerichtete Einbau elektrisch sehr gut leitender Phasen in einen Halbleiter mit hoher Elektronenbeweglichkeit zu interessanten anisotropen elektrischen Eigenschaften führt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01375169
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ozone uptake in the sun and shade crown of spruce: quantifying the physiological effects of ozone exposure (1993)
    Springer
    Trees 7 (1993), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Ozone uptake ; Stomatal conductance ; Spruce
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The uptake of air pollutants depends both on pollutant concentration and on stomatal conductance. This paper deals with the uptake of ozone (O3) from the air into the needles of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] under ambient climatic conditions. Regulation of O3 uptake by the stomata is shown and also the difference between the “physiologically active O3 concentration” and the O3 concentration of the ambient air. Data from the sun and shade crown of spruce trees at 1000 m a.s.l. are presented. Analysis of data from three vegetation periods has shown that at low ambient O3 concentrations the O3 uptake is largely regulated by stomatal conductance. Water vapour pressure deficit (VPD) of the atmosphere is the climatic factor which showed the highest positive correlation with O3 concentration. However, a high leaf-air VDP led to stomatal closure, thus reducing the O3 uptake in the needles despite high O3 concentrations in the ambient air. The potential O3 stress caused by high O3 concentrations can be strongly mitigated by this natural closing of the stomata and the simultaneous occurrence of moderate drought stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202078
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A case ofAspergillus fumigatus peritonitis complicating liver transplantation (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 13 (1994), S. 25-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 55-year-old male underwent orthotopic liver transplantation for sub-fulminant hepatitis B/delta infection superimposed on probable genetic hemochromatosis with early cirrhosis. Pre-operatively, he demonstrated serologic evidence of cytomegalovirus reactivation and developed cytomegalovirus viremia when ganciclovir was discontinued post-operatively. His post-operative course was complicated by chronic ductopenic rejection, biliary anastomotic leak, and persistent confusion and malaise. At the time of laparotomy for repair of the bile leak, nodular peritoneal lesions were noted, with biopsy and culture showing angioinvasiveAspergillus fumigatus. Despite administration of amphotericin B, the patient continued to have culture-confirmed evidence of infection at follow-up peritoneoscopy. Oral itraconazole was begun, but the patient died of liver failure secondary to progressive ductolpenic rejection. At autopsy,Aspergillus organisms were seen in histologic sections taken from the small bowel; there was no evidence of disseminated disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02026119
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of an acute T lymphoblastic leukemia expressing the γ/δ T-cell receptor (1990)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 61 (1990), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: T-cell leukemia ; γ/δ receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Leukemic cells of a 20 year old patient, suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia, were characterized by surface marker and functional analysis. A significant cell population within this type of leukemia expresses concomitantly the CD4 and CD8 antigen on the same cell and might represent a new differentiation stage of T-cells with the γ/δ receptor. The leukemic cells show a distinct pattern of growth response to mitogens and lymphokines, which might correlate to their differentiation stage. Moreover, a “natural killer”-like activity can be induced in these cells by IL-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01744133
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    γ/δ Receptor-expressing T-cell clones from a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma suppress hematopoiesis (1992)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 65 (1992), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Interferon-γ ; Hematopoiesis ; γ/δ ; γ/δ T cells ; Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recently we described a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma expressing the γ/δ T-cell receptor [5]. The patient suffering from this lymphoma showed low numbers of myeloid and T cells in peripheral blood, while B and NK cells were relatively increased. In vitro culture of the patient's bone marrow (BM) cells revealed a significant suppression of myeloid/monocyte colony formation (GM-CFU) compared with normal controls. This was not due to infiltration of the BM with lymphoma cells. We speculated that a soluble factor either secreted or induced by the lymphoma cells might be responsible for the marked suppression of hematopoiesis in this patient. From a skin biopsy with infiltrating γ/δ T-lymphoma cells we established T-cell clones bearing the γ/δ T-cell receptor and resembling the phenotype of the lymphoma cells. The supernatant (SN) of these γ/δ T-cell clones reduced the number of colonies in a CFU-GM assay (using normal control BM) in comparison to SN of α/β T-cell clones established from the same biopsy. This suppression was seen mainly on day 7 of culture and was not neutralized by the addition of placenta-CM. The main mediator of this suppression seems to be IFN-γ,since it was detectable in high amounts in the SN of these γ/δ T-cell tumor clones as well as in the serum of the patient. In addition, anti-IFN-γ antibodies can reverse the T-cell SN-mediated suppression of CFU-GM. We conclude that high serum levels of interferon-γ, which is secreted in high amounts from γ/δ T-cells grown from a biopsy of a cutaneous lymphoma, can suppress hematopoiesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01695808
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