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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The roles of turbulence stabilization by sheared E×B flow and Shafranov shift gradients are examined for Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor [D. J. Grove and D. M. Meade, Nucl. Fusion 25, 1167 (1985)] enhanced reverse-shear (ERS) plasmas. Both effects in combination provide the basis of a positive-feedback model that predicts reinforced turbulence suppression with increasing pressure gradient. Local fluctuation behavior at the onset of ERS confinement is consistent with this framework. The power required for transitions into the ERS regime are lower when high power neutral beams are applied earlier in the current profile evolution, consistent with the suggestion that both effects play a role. Separation of the roles of E×B and Shafranov shift effects was performed by varying the E×B shear through changes in the toroidal velocity with nearly steady-state pressure profiles. Transport and fluctuation levels increase only when E×B shearing rates are driven below a critical value that is comparable to the fastest linear growth rates of the dominant instabilities. While a turbulence suppression criterion that involves the ratio of shearing to linear growth rates is in accord with many of these results, the existence of hidden dependencies of the criterion is suggested in experiments where the toroidal field was varied. The forward transition into the ERS regime has also been examined in strongly rotating plasmas. The power threshold is higher with unidirectional injection than with balance injection. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 841-841 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: High resolution, rapidly sampled measurements of the light emission from injected impurity pellets have recently been carried out on TFTR. Both wide and narrow views of the pellet light have been accomplished with a tightly collimated fanned array of fiber-optically coupled photomultipliers. Deep (≈100%), high frequency (40–90 kHz) modulation of the pellet emission has been observed in both neutral beam and rf heated discharges with as little as ≈1.5 MW of heating. This finding is consistent with recent work carried out on ASDEXb) with the exception that this modulation phenomenon is seen not only with hydrogenic pellets but also with lithium and boron pellets. This observation seems to point to an instability associated with the plasma surrounding the pellet rather than an instability which depends upon the atomic physics of the pellet. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biochemistry 12 (1943), S. 233-250 
    ISSN: 0066-4154
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Bleaching of reef corals is a phenomenon linked to temperature stress which involves loss of the symbiotic algae of the coral, which are known as zooxanthellae, and/or loss of algal pigments. The photosynthetic efficiency of zooxanthellae within the corals Montastrea annularis, Agaricia lamarki, Agaricia agaricites and Siderastrea radians was examined by pulse-amplitude modulation fluorometry (PAM) during exposure to elevated temperatures (30–36°C). Zooxanthellae within M. annularis and A. lamarki were found to be more sensitive to elevated temperature, virtually complete disruption of photosynthesis being noted during exposure to temperatures of 32 and 34°C. The photosynthetic efficiency of zooxanthellae within S. radians and A. agaricites decreased to a lesser extent. Differences in the loss of algal cells on an aerial basis and in the cellular chlorophyll concentration were also found between these species. By combining the non-invasive PAM technique with whole-cell fluorescence of freshly isolated zooxanthellae, we have identified fundamental differences in the physiology of the symbionts within different species of coral. Zooxanthellae within M. annularis appear to be more susceptible to heat-induced damage at or near the reaction centre of Photosystem II, while zooxanthellae living in S. radians remain capable of dissipating excess excitation energy through non-photochemical pathways, thereby protecting the photosystem from damage during heat exposure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 15 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Lysogenic Acetobacter methanolicus strains carrying the prophage Acm1 were found to be unable to synthesize both the capsutar polysaccharide (CPS) and the O-specific side-chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to represent rough variants of the host bacterium. A 262 bp DNA fragment of phage Acm1, obviously required for interference with LPS biosynthesis, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli Independently of the O-type, transformation of various E. coli strains with the recombinant DNA resulted in a suppression of biosynthesis of the O-specific chains. The DNA fragment of phage Acm1 contained three very short open reading frames of 21, 24, and 36 bp. However, attempts to express phage-encoded peptides were not successful. Instead, the Acm1-derived DNA fragment was shown to code for the synthesis of a trans-acting RNA molecule of 97 nucleotides, designated lbi (LPS biosynthesis-interfering) RNA. This RNA contains sequence complementarity to E. coli target RNA sequences and appears to have the ability to form intracellularly RNA hybrid duplexes with mRNA. The data presented in this study support the hypothesis that the phenotypic effect of conversion to rough-type LPS is accompanied by the expression of an antisense RNA of phage Acm1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Energie- und Nährstoffaufnahme ; Trends ; Bedeutung einzelner Lebensmittel-gruppen ; Modellstudie ; neue Bundesländer ; Intake of energy and nutrients ; trends ; importance of several food groups ; model study ; new German States
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary A nutritional model study was carried out in Potsdam from December 1990 until December 1991 involving 222 persons at the beginning. Changes of the energy and nutrient intake were evaluated. The trends established in 1991 — demonstrated by means of two specific trend parameters — have been discussed with regard to the results of the nutritional situation in the former GDR. First signs for an improvement of nutritional situation were visible (e.g., increase of consumption of vitamin A, ascorbic acid and calcium as well as decrease of consumption of energy and cholesterol).
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Eine von Ende 1990 bis Ende 1991 in Potsdam durchgeführte Modellstudie an anfangs 222 Personen wurde unter dem Aspekt von Veränderungen der Energie- und Nährstoffaufnahme ausgewertet. Die für 1991 ermittelten Trends — dargestellt durch 2 spezifische Trendparameter — wurden unter Beachtung von Ergebnissen über die Ernährungssituation in der ehemaligen DDR diskutiert. Ansätze zu einer Verbesserung der Ernährungssituation wurden sichtbar (z.B. Verzehrszunahmen bei Vitamin A, Vitamin C und Calcium sowie -abnahmen bei Energie und Cholesterin).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Hormone pattern ; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Beef ; Bulls ; Steers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract  A rapid and economical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of androgens, progestogens, and glucocorticoids and their precursors and metabolites in meat. Steroids were isolated with liquid extraction followed by C18-solid-phase extraction (C18-SPE). Corticoids were separated from the less polar steroids by Si-SPE. The non-polar steroids required additional purification by filtration through an NH2 cartridge. The fractions were combined and derivatized with a universally applicable trimethylsilylation of both hydroxyl and keto groups. Determination was performed with gas chromatography-mass selective detection (determination limits: 0.02–0.1 μg/kg). Hormone profiles of 15 muscle tissue samples of both bulls and steers were analysed. Beef from bulls contained higher concentrations of testosterone and epitestosterone (P〈0.001), 11-deoxycorticosterone (P〈0.01), androstenedione (P〈0.05) and cortisone (P〈0.05), and significantly lower proportions of cortisol (P〈0.001) than beef from steers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 78 (1998), S. 577-596 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Schlagwort(e): Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): 31A30, 35J40, 65N30, 65N12
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Summary. In this paper we propose and analyze an efficient discretization scheme for the boundary reduction of the biharmonic Dirichlet problem on convex polygonal domains. We show that the biharmonic Dirichlet problem can be reduced to the solution of a harmonic Dirichlet problem and of an equation with a Poincaré-Steklov operator acting between subspaces of the trace spaces. We then propose a mixed FE discretization (by linear elements) of this equation which admits efficient preconditioning and matrix compression resulting in the complexity $\log \varepsilon^{-1} O ( N \log^qN)$ . Here $N$ is the number of degrees of freedom on the underlying boundary, $\varepsilon 〉 0$ is an error reduction factor, $q = 2$ or $q = 3$ for rectangular or polygonal boundaries, respectively. As a consequence an asymptotically optimal iterative interface solver for boundary reductions of the biharmonic Dirichlet problem on convex polygonal domains is derived. A numerical example confirms the theory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 352 (1995), S. 580-582 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Key words 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT ; serotonin) ; 5-HT1D receptors ; 5-HT1Dβ receptors ; Endothelial cells ; Cyclic AMP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Pharmacological evidence has suggested the presence of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin), 5-HT1D receptors on endothelial cells but these receptors have never been identified unambiguously on this type of cells. We now report that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) express 5-HT1D receptors coupled to inhibition of cyclic AMP formation. 5-HT and the 5-HT1D receptor agonists 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) and sumatriptan were approximately equipotent at inhibiting forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in HUVEC (mean pEC50 7.6–8.2, maximal effect 30% inhibition). The 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-OH-DPAT was clearly less potent (pEC50 6.2) and less efficacious. The selective 5-HT1D receptor antagonist, GR127935 (1 nM) markedly inhibited the effect of 5-HT (apparent pKB 10.8). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the mRNA for 5-HT1Dβ receptors to be expressed in HUVEC. These results demonstrate the presence of functional 5-HT1D receptors and the expression of 5-HT1Dβ receptor mRNA in HUVEC. They support the involvement of 5-HT1Dβ receptors in endothelial-mediated responses to 5-HT.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 352 (1995), S. 580-582 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) ; 5-HT1D receptors ; 5-HT1Dβ receptors ; Endothelial cells ; Cyclic AMP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Pharmacological evidence has suggested the presence of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin), 5-HT1D receptors on endothelial cells but these receptors have never been identified unamiguously on this type of cells. We now report that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) express 5-HT1D receptors coupled to inhibitiion of cyclic AMP formatin. 5-HT and the 5-HT1D receptor agaonists 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) and sumatriptan were approximately equipotent at inhibiting forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in HUVEC (mean pEC50 7.6–8.2, maximal effect 30% inhibition). The 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-OH-DPAT was clearly less potent (pEC50 6.2) and less efficacious. The selective 5-HT1D receptor antagonist, GR127935 (1 nM) markedly inhibited the effct pf 5-HT (apparent pKB 10.8). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the mRNA for 5-HT1Dβ receptors to be expressed in HUVEC. These results demonstrate the presence of functional 5-HT1D receptors and the expression of 5-HT1Dβreceptor mRNA in HUVEC. They support he involvement of 5-HT1Dβ receptors in endothelial-mediated responses to 5-HT.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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