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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contact urticaria to rice (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 132 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb00743.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow-induced swelling of poly(vinyl alcohol) gel (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 2295-2300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Flow and swelling behavior was investigated for poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gel in the solvent flow field. It was found that the PVA gel swelled under solvent flow and the volume of the gel increased with increasing solvent pressure. The flow rate also increased with increasing solvent pressure. On the other hand, the characteristic times determined by swelling and flow kinetics were independent of the applied pressure, and were almost identical, suggesting that the swelling and flow properties of the gels were closely related to each other. A new type of diffusion equation, which can describe the time evolution of flow and volume change of polymer gels under flow, was proposed in this paper. Comparison between experiment and theory showed that the experimental results were explained fairly well by the theory. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.479500
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical vapor deposition diamond window for high-power and long pulse millimeter wave transmission (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 2160-2165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: To satisfy the electrical and thermomechanical requirements for a continuous wave millimeter wave beam transmission, a window assembly using a large size synthesized diamond disk has been developed. Such window systems are needed as a vacuum barrier and tritium shielding in future electron cyclotron heating systems for fusion plasma heating and noninductive electron cyclotron current drive. The diamond used in this study was manufactured by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and consists of a polycrystalline diamond disk 96 mm in diameter and 2.23 mm thick. The disk was built into an assembly in which two Inconel tubes were bonded on both sides of the plate to provide vacuum shielding and water cooling to the edge of the disk, leaving an effective window aperture of 83 mm. It will be shown that, as a result of the high thermal conductivity and low dielectric loss exhibited by this grade of CVD diamond, the temperature increase of the window due to the absorption of high-power millimeter wave radiation could be minimized by simple water edge cooling at room temperature. During transmission of a focused Gaussian beam of 170 GHz, 110 kW, 10 s, the temperature increase at the center of the window reached a steady state condition at a value of approximately 40 K, in good agreement with calculated values. Water-edge-cooled CVD diamond windows promise to provide a practical technical solution for the transmission of continuous millimeter wave transmission in excess of 1 MW. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148916
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of laser-hole boring into overdense plasmas using x-ray laser refractometry (invited) : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 543-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We developed a 19.6 nm laser x-ray laser grid-image refractometer (XRL-GIR) to diagnose laser-hole boring into overdense plasmas. The XRL-GIR was optimized to measure two-dimensional electron density perturbation on a scale of a few tens of μm in underdense plasmas. Electron density profiles of laser-produced plasmas were obtained for 1020–1022 cm−3 with the XRL-GIR and for 1019–1020 cm−3 from an ultraviolet interferometer, the profiles of which were compared with those from hydrodynamic simulation. By using this XRL-GIR, we directly observed laser channeling into overdense plasmas accompanied by a bow shock wave showing a Mach cone ascribed to supersonic propagation of the channel front. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149380
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and characterization of semiconductor ion detectors for plasma diagnostics in the range over 0.3 keV : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 324-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the purpose of plasma-ion-energy analyses in a wide-energy range from a few hundred eV to hundreds of keV, upgraded semiconductor detectors are newly fabricated and characterized using a test-ion-beam line from 0.3 to 12 keV. In particular, the detectable lowest-ion energy is drastically improved at least down to 0.3 keV; this energy is one to two orders-of-magnitude better than those for commercially available Si-surface-barrier diodes employed for previous plasma-ion diagnostics. A signal-to-noise ratio of two to three orders-of-magnitude better than that for usual metal-collector detectors is demonstrated for the compact-sized semiconductor along with the availability of the use under conditions of a good vacuum and a strong-magnetic field. Such characteristics are achieved due to the improving methods of the optimization of the thicknesses of a Si dead layer and a SiO2 layer, as well as the nitrogen-doping technique near the depletion layer along with minimizing impurity concentrations in Si. Such an upgraded capability of an extremely low-energy-ion detection with the low-noise characteristics enlarges research regimes of plasma-ion behavior using semiconductor detectors not only in the divertor regions of tokamaks but in wider spectra of open-field plasma devices including tandem mirrors. An application of the semiconductor ion detector for plasma-ion diagnostics is demonstrated in a specially designed ion-spectrometer structure. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147923
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of new semiconductor detectors for x-ray tomography in the ASDEX Upgrade Tokamak and its generalized physics interpretations : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 774-777 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The energy response of a new semiconductor detector in the ASDEX Upgrade Tokamak for plasma x-ray tomography studies is characterized using synchrotron radiation from a 2.5 GeV positron storage ring at the National Institute for High Energy Physics in Japan. This international collaborating research clarifies a fairly good agreement between the x-ray energy response data and our recently proposed theoretical predictions for such a semiconductor x-ray-detector response. The x-ray response for several positions on the active area of the detector unit is studied; a good uniformity observed guarantees that the detector can employ any sized and shaped collimator for the x-ray tomography regardless of any correction factor coming from the response nonuniformity on the detector active area. Operational conditions of the detector for the ASDEX Upgrade plasma diagnostics are optimized using its capacitance measurements as a function of an applied bias as well as the numerical evaluations of the detector response; these are also directly verified by the synchrotron-radiation experiments. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147913
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of surface polarity of c-axis oriented ZnO films by coaxial impact-collision ion scattering spectroscopy (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 824-826 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have identified the surface polar structure of wurtzite-type ZnO films by coaxial impact-collision ion scattering spectroscopy. High-quality ZnO epitaxial films were prepared on sapphire (α-Al2O3) (0001) substrates by laser molecular beam epitaxy using a ZnO ceramic target. The (0001¯) crystallographic plane (the O face) was found to terminate the top surface of the ZnO film by comparing spectra of the films with those of well-defined (0001) and (0001¯) surfaces of bulk single crystals. The preferential [0001¯] growth direction of ZnO films is discussed from the viewpoints of the chemical interaction at the interface and surface stability against sublimation. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120905
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electroluminescence from carbon-doped GaAs junctions with semi-insulating GaAs (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 1246-1248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence have been measured from thin film structures of heavily carbon-doped GaAs on crystalline semi-insulating GaAs substrates. EL is only detected when the p-type film is biased positively. From this and the spectral distribution, it is concluded that there are heterojunction interface states at about 50 meV below the conduction band, with a concentration roughly estimated as 1017 cm−3. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113251
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amplitude and frequency spectrum of temporomandibular joint sounds from subjects with and without other signs/symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sound is one of the most commonly recognized signs in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) but is also frequently seen in asymptomatic individuals. Sound recording is therefore only meaningful if the sounds from a normal healthy joint can be differentiated from those in patients. In this study, the amplitude and power spectrum of the TMJ sounds from symptomatic patients and asymptomatic individuals were recorded and compared. The result showed that TMJ sounds from symptomatic patients had a larger amplitude than sounds from asymptomatic subjects. A significant proportion of sounds had frequencies between 2000 and 3000 Hz. It was concluded that the characteristic amplitude is worthy of further study as a sign of possible diagnostic value. Secondly, the bandwidth of the sensors used at electronic TMJ sound recording should not be less than 3000 Hz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1999.00348.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water/Oil Emulsions Prepared by the Membrane Emulsification Method and Their Stability (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 64 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We developed and tested a simple method to measure dispersed droplet size of W/O emulsions. Then, using a microporous glass membrane treated with oil phase, we produced a W/O emulsion with high water content (40% w/w) at a high emulsification rate by the membrane emulsification method, and assessed its stability. In comparison with emulsions by the stirring methods, variations in dispersed droplet size and viscosity of emulsions by membrane method were small and the emulsions were more stable. Droplet size was not related to the stability of the W/O emulsion prepared by membrane emulsification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb15867.x
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