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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Plasma renin activity ; Angiotensin II ; Cardiac edema ; Furosemide ; Regulation of sodium balance ; Plasma-Renin-Aktivität ; Angiotensin II ; kardiale Hydropsie ; Furosemid ; Regulation des Naturiumhaushaltes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 8 Gesunden und 21 Kranken mit kardialer Insuffizienz wurden Renin-Aktivität (PRA) und Angiotensin II-Konzentration (A II) im Plasma, Serumnatrium und -kalium und renale Na+-, K+- und Flüssigkeitsexkretion vor sowie 2, 4 und 6 Std nach i.v. Gabe von 0,3 mg Furosemid/kg untersucht. Die PRA wurde biologisch, A II radioimmunologisch bestimmt. Die Gesunden reagierten mit signifikanten Anstiegen der PRA- und A II-Werte (P〈0,005), die Kranken mit kardialer Insuffizienz zeigten 3 verschiedene Verhaltensmuster der PRA: Absinken unter den Ruhewert (4 Fälle), Anstieg (4 Fälle) und Gleichbleiben (14 Fälle, davon 11 ohne meßbare PRA). Eine mangelhafte Stimulierbarkeit der PRA ist somit auch bei kardialer Hydropsie möglich. Die Pat. mit abfallender bzw. gleichbleibender PRA waren vornehmlich Schwerkranke mit ausgeprägter Hydropsie; sie wiesen nach Furosemid im Mittel gleich große, im einzelnen z.T. weit höhere Na+-Verluste auf als die Gesunden. Dies könnte durch die Annahme eines (zentralnervösen) Systems erklärt werden, das die renale Na+-Verlustrate in Beziehung zum Na+-Gesamtbestand setzt und erst ab einer kritischen Relation gegenregulatorisch die Steigerung der Reninfreisetzung veranlaßt. Diese Vermutung wurde durch Untersuchung einer Patientin vor und nach Ödemausschwemmung wahrscheinlich gemacht. PRA- und A II-Werte verhielten sich konkordant (r=+0,627,P〈0,001).
    Notes: Summary In 21 patients with congestive heart failure and 8 normal controls plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (A II), sodium and potassium concentrations in plasma and renal Na+, K+, and water excretion were measured before and 2, 4, and 6 hours after an intravenous injection of Furosemide (0.3 mg/kg). PRA was determined biologically, A II by radioimmunoassay. The control group showed a significant increase of PRA and A II levels (P〈0.005). In patients with congestive heart failure, three different patterns of PRA were observed: decrease (4 cases), increase (4 cases) and no change (14 cases which comprise 11 patients without detectable PRA), compared to the individual control value. Thus, inadequate stimulation of PRA may occur in congestive heart failure, too. Particularly the patients with decreasing or unchanged PRA suffered from severe cardiac insufficiency with severe edema. After application of Furosemide, these patients showed in average the same, some of them a much higher Na+ loss than the controls. These results could be explained by the assumption of the presence of a control mechanism, possibly located in the brain, that detects the renal Na+ excretion in relation to the total body Na+ and induces the counterregulatory renin secretion not unless a certain reference value is attained. This hypothesis was supported by the results obtained in the same patient before and after loss of edema. PRA and A II values were concordant (r=+0.627,P〈0.001).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Meningitis ; C5a complement ; Macrophage ; Astrocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Subarachnoidal application of the complement C5a fragment was used to induce acute experimental meningitis in rabbits and rats within 30–60 min. The early stages of the cellular inflammatory response were studied by means of flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy. Infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) into the subarachnoidal space was the earliest event of the inflammatory reaction. By morphological criteria we found that PMN interacted with cells of the mononuclear-macrophage lineage (MML) and the marginal astrocytes via pseudopodia, whereas the pial cells were not involved in early stages of the inflammatory response. The number of invaded MML that were positive with the ED2 marker increased, indicating the hematogenous origin of the immigrating cell population. PMN were found to infiltrate the perivascular space of the marginal arterial vessel segments. This perivascular infiltration was assumed to be the first manifestation of cerebral vasculitis. The intimate association of resident cerebral cells (astrocytes) with invading PMN and MML is suggestive of a transient interaction of these cell types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Meningitis ; C5a complement ; Macrophage ; Astrocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Subarachnoidal application of the complement C5a fragment was used to induce acute experimental meningitis in rabbits and rats within 30–60 min. The early stages of the cellular inflammatory response were studied by means of flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy. Infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) into the subarachnoidal space was the earliest event of the inflammatory reaction. By morphological criteria we found that PMN interacted with cells of the mononuclear-macrophage lineage (MML) and the marginal astrocytes via pseudopodia, whereas the pial cells were not involved in early stages of the inflammatory response. The number of invaded MML that were positive with the ED2 marker increased, indicating the hematogenous origin of the immigrating cell population. PMN were found to infiltrate the perivascular space of the marginal arterial vessel segments. This perivascular infiltration was assumed to be the first manifestation of cerebral vasculitis. The intimate association of resident cerebral cells (astrocytes) with invading PMN and MML is suggestive of a transient interaction of these cell types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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