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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (10)
  • Blood resistivity  (2)
  • Stroke volume  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The changes in blood resistivity with haematocrit and temperature (1975)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 1 (1975), S. 153-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Blood resistivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The temperature dependence of the resistivity of blood samples with haematocrits from 16 to 52.5% has been investigated over the temperature range of 22° to 40 °C at a frequency of 100 kHz. The resistivity of whole blood increased with an increase in haematocrit and a decrease in temperature. The data fitted the relationship: Pohm-cm = (6272 Hct + 75.176) − (0.104 Hct + 1.467) tC where Hct is the percentage haematocrit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00624433
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of respiration on the monitoring of stroke volume and cardiac output by the electrical impedance technique (1976)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 2 (1976), S. 3-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Impedance cardiogram ; Cardiac output ; Stroke volume ; Averaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In six volunteers (5 male, 1 female) it has been shown that normal respiration made no statistical difference to the estimates of the mean stroke volume and the mean cardiac output as determined by the electrical impedance method of Kubiceket al, (1966). The coefficient of variation was usually increased by respiration. The use of those stroke volumes which occur only at end-expiration was not shown to yield a greater reproducibility with 3 other male volunteers. In the female subject it was found that the use of a digital averager triggered from the preceding R-wave of the ECG gave values for the mean stroke volume and cardiac output which were always lower than the conventional mean values obtained from a number of strokes. The expense of either of these approaches does not appear to be justified as a means of compensating for the effects of normal respiration on the impedance dZ/dt waveform.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571889
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consistent values of rate parameters in free radical polymerization systems. II. Outstanding dilemmas and recommendations (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 851-863 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polymerization ; kinetics ; free radical ; transfer ; photolysis ; propagation ; rate coefficients ; termination ; EPR ; copolymerization ; initiation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The problems of determining reliable, well-characterized values of kinetic parameters in free-radical polymerizations are discussed. The origins of the fact that experimental determinations of rate coefficients of ostensibly identical systems often result in quite different values being reported can be ascribed to subtle mechanistic assumptions made in data interpretation, which are considered in detail. A series of recommendations to assist in overcoming these problems, and to highlight their origins, are presented, with emphasis placed on new techniques including those employing laser photolysis and EPR.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300516
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consistent values of rate parameters in free radical polymerization systems (1988)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 26 (1988), S. 293-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1988.140260704
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of radiation-induced structural changes in nitrile rubber (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34 (1996), S. 2439-2454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: radiation ; nitrile rubber ; NMR ; ESR ; radicals ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mechanism of radiation-induced structural changes in nitrile rubber with different acrylonitrile contents were investigated by ESR, NMR, and FTIR. To investigate new structures solid-state NMR methods had to be used due to crosslinking of the irradiated rubbers, and higher probe temperatures were used to obtain better resolution. The radicals generated on the acrylonitrile groups were found to abstract hydrogen from the adjacent butadiene units resulting in the formation of allylic radicals. These allylic radicals reacted to form intermolecular crosslinks and cyclisation. Cyclisation of the butadiene units were found to occur in the initial stages of the irradiation. Radiation yields of radicals increased with acrylonitrile content from 1.42, 1.58, to 2.42 for 18, 30, and 45% acrylonitrile rubbers. The radiation yields for intermolecular crosslinking were higher in rubbers with higher acrylonitrile contents, giving G values of 17.8, 21.3, and 24.5 for 18, 30, and 45% acrylonitrile rubbers, respectively. However, the crosslink clustering was found to be less in the rubbers with a higher acrylonitrile content. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of wear-resistant thermoplastic polyurethanes by blending with poly(dimethyl siloxane). I. Physical properties (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 1757-1766 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Commercial thermoplastic polyurethanes have been melt blended on a standard laboratory extruder with low levels of commercial poly(dimethyl siloxane) fluid. The resultant polyurethanes show improvements in wear resistance of up to 25% (c.f. virgin polyurethane) for an optimal PDMS concentration of 1.5-2.0%, beyond which the properties diminish rapidly. Unexpectedly, the mechanical properties of the blends (as measured by an Instron tensile testing machine) have been even more significantly enhanced, by up to 40% for tensile strength and 50% for elongation to break. Surface studies of the blends are also reported for x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angles and coefficient of friction (CoF). © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of radiation vulcanization of natural rubber latex sensitized by monoacrylates (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 57 (1995), S. 1155-1171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The mechanism of radiation vulcanization of natural rubber with 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate (2EHA) monomer was investigated using electron spin resonance spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The primary radicals formed in the arcylate molecule were found to abstract the allylic hydrogens of the polyisoprene. Crossliking may occur through the allylic radicals and/or main chain radicals formed on the polyacrylate. Acrylate was found to concentrate in the rigid regions of the crosslinked rubber indicating heterogeneity and a nonuniform distribution of the acrylate in the latex particles. The addition of the acrylate and the irradiation seems to effect the Brownian motion of the latex particles. Both the viscosity and the NMR peak widths are effected by the irradiation. Addition of 5% 2EHA increases the crosslinking by a factor of 3.6. The thermal stability of the rubber first increases with the dose in the presence of acrylate, but drops at higher doses due to peroxide formation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070571002
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analogue circuit for the computation of stroke volume by the electrical impedance method (1976)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 14 (1976), S. 74-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Impedance cardiograph ; Analogue computer ; Stroke volume ; Cardiac output
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire L'article décrit un circuit analogue servant à mesurer les volumes de battement pour usage en conjonction avec l'e.c.g.dZ/dt et les signaux phonocardiogrammes produits par un cardiographe d'impédance IFM. L'affichage est effectué sur un cadran numérique. Ce circuit peut être étendu pour mesurer le rendement cardiaque.
    Abstract: Zussammenfassung Es wird eine Analogschaltung zum Einsatz in Verbindung mit dendZ/dt-, e.k.g.-und Phonokardiogrammsignalen von einem IFM-Impedanz-Kardiographen zur Messung des Hubvolumens beschrieben. Die Anzeige erfolgt auf einem digitalen Meßgerät. Die Schaltung kann zur Messung der Herzleistung erweitert werden.
    Notes: Abstract An analogue circuit is described for use in conjunction with thedZ/dt, e.c.g. and phonocardiogram signals from an IFM Impedance Cardiograph to measure stroke volume. This is displayed on a digital meter. The circuit can be extended to measure cardiac output.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02477094
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of haematocrit on the resistivity of human blood at 37°C and 100 kHz (1975)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 13 (1975), S. 182-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Blood resistivity ; Electrical impedance ; Cardiac output
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire Pour pouvoir appliquer la méthode de l'impédance électrique pour la mesure du débit sanguin chez des patients à l'hémodialyse où l'on peut rencontrer use vaste gamme d'hématocrites, il est nécessaire d'avoir des connaissances sur la relation entre la résistivité et l'hématocrite du sang. Une relation linéaire optimale a été déterminée pour le sang humain à 37°C et 100 kHz sur la gamme d'hématocrites de 14 à 45%.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Um die elektrische Impedanzmethode zur Messung der Herzleistung bei Patienten anwenden zu können, die durch Blutidialyse behandelt werden, wo ein breiterer Bereich von Blutzentrifugenwerten angetroffen werden kann, ist die Kenntnis des Verhältnisses zwischen dem spezifischen Widerstand des Blutes und dem Blutzentrifugenwert enforderlich. Es wurde ein Verhältnis nach der linearen Methode der kleisten Quadrate für das menschliche Blut bei 37°C und 100 kHz über einen Blutzentrifugenwertbereich von 14 bis 45% bestimmt.
    Notes: Abstract In order to be able to employ the electrical-impedance method for the measurement of cardiac output in patients on haemodialysis where a wide range of haematocrits may be encountered, a knowledge of the relationship between the resistivity and haematocrit of blood is required. A linear least-squares relationship has been determined for human blood at 37°C and 100 kHz over the haematocrit range from 14 to 45%
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02477725
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free volume and water uptake in a copolymer hydrogel series (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 463-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: hydrogel ; free volume ; positron annihilation ; water ; density ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A copolymer of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with 2-ethoxy ethyl methacrylate (EEMA) was synthesized and the molecular mobility, free volume, and density properties examined as a function of composition. These properties were correlated with the equilibrium water uptake in order to determine which of the properties were most influential in causing high water sorption, as these materials are suitable candidates for hydrogel systems. It was found that the polar HEMA repeat unit results in a rigid, glassy sample at room temperature due to the high degree of hydrogen bonding between chains whereas high EEMA content leads to rubbery samples with subambient glass transition temperatures. The free volume properties on the molecular scale measured by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) showed that higher HEMA content led to smaller, fewer holes and a lower free volume fraction than EEMA. Therefore the high water uptake of HEEMA-containing copolymers is largely related to the high polarity of the HEMA unit compared to EEMA, despite the low content of free volume into which the water can initially diffuse. Trends in density with copolymer composition, as measured on a macroscopic level, differs to that seen by PALS and indicates that the two techniques are measuring different scales of packing. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 463-471, 1998
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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