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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiologische Interventionen bei Anastomosenkomplikationen nach Lungentransplantationen (1997)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 37 (1997), S. 220-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lungentransplantation ; Anastomosenkomplikation ; Angioplastie ; Bronchialstent ; Key words Lung transplantation ; Anastomotic complications ; Angioplasty ; Bronchial stenting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: Bronchial and arterial anastomotic stenoses are major complications after lung transplantation. Interventional techniques provide a definitive cure in certain cases. Material and methods: Three out of four patients had ischemia-related stenoses of the bronchial anastomoses postoperatively; one patient developed malacia of the bronchus main stem 1 year after transplantation. Four patients had stenoses of the arterial anastomoses, which resulted in hemodynamic instability and reduced perfusion of the graft. Results: Stent implantation in the bronchial anastomoses (n = 3) and in the main stem (n = 1) improved ventilation and oxygen saturation in all patients. The stents were incorporated by mucosal overgrowth, as demonstrated by endoscopy, as early as 6 weeks after implantation. Balloon dilatation (n = 3) and stent implantation (n = 1) were successfully performed in 4 patients with stenoses of the arterial anastomoses. The mean transstenotic pressure gradient of 9.5 mm Hg was reduced to 2.2 mm Hg after angioplasty. Lung perfusion shifted towards the grafts, as shown by 99mTc perfusion scans. Conclusion: The minimally invasive techniques of interventional radiology are very effective in the treatment of anastomotic complications after lung transplantation and may avoid surgery in certain cases.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Komplikationen nach Lungentransplantation betreffen in erster Linie die Bronchusanastomose und die Pulmonalarterienanastomose. Sie sind ischämieinduziert oder auf chirurgisch-technische Probleme zurückzuführen. Bei 8 von 66 transplantierten Patienten traten postoperative Stenosen an der arteriellen Anastomose (n = 4) und an der Bronchusanastomose (n = 4) auf, die jeweils zu einem organ- bzw. lebensbedrohlichen Zustand der Patienten geführt hatten. Die interventionelle Behandlung war bei allen Patienten erfolgreich; 4 Patienten wurden bei Anastomosenstenose bzw. Malazie der Bronchusanastomose mit Metallstent versorgt, 4 Patienten mit Stenosierung an der Pulmonalarterienanastomose wurden einer Ballondilatation bzw. zusätzlicher Stentimplantation zugeführt. Die Indikation zur Behandlung und die Überprüfung des Dilatationsergebnisses wurde anhand der Stenosegradienten ermittelt, zur ausreichenden Erweiterung war eine Ballonkaliberstärke von 15 bis 20 mm erforderlich. Indikation zur Stentimplantation war eine elastische Instabilität bei einem Patienten. Der minimal-invasive Eingriff bei schwerkranken Patienten, die effiziente und komplikationslose Therapie und der erfolgreiche Langzeitverlauf sprechen dafür, bei Anastomosenproblemen nach Lungentransplantation interventionelle radiologische Verfahren primär einzusetzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050202
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GC column effluent splitter for problematic solvents introduced in large volumes: Determination of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in triglyceride matrices as an application (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 11 (1988), S. 135-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Solvents and GC detectors ; Coupled HPLC-GC ; Column effluent splitter ; Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Introduction of solutions of up to several milliliters by on-column injection of large volumes or by coupled HPLC-GC may cause problems with GC detectors (FID, AFID, MS). For instance, dichloromethane forms large amounts of hydrochloric acid and carbon black in FIDs.A column effluent splitter was developed for keeping the major portion of the solvent vapors away from the detector; approximately 99% of the vapor is vented while the remaining 1% of vapor is used for detecting the widths of the solvent peaks. During analysis, the split ratio is reversed by a strong increase of the resistance to the gas flow through the split exit line.The system was used for the determination of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) in triglyceride matrices of various foods. Direct determination by HPLC is not sufficiently sensitive, whereas direct analysis by GC is hindered by the triglycerides. Solutions of fats or oils were pre-separated on a silica column using dichloro-methanelcyclohexane 1:l with addition of 0.05 % acetonitrile as eluent. The HPLC fraction containing the DEHP was transferred to GC through a loop-type interface using concurrent solvent evaporation. Detection limits were around 0.1 ppm.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240110135
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorption of Trichoderma reesei cellulase on cellulose: Experimental data and their analysis by different equations (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 32 (1988), S. 853-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The adsorption of cellulase from Trichoderma reesei MCG 77 on Avicel was measured at varying cellulase (2-8 g/L) and Avicel (10-200 g/L) concentrations at pH 4.8 and 50°C. Different mathematical equations were derived for the evaluation of the experimental data. The fraction of cellulase protein that can maximally be adsorbed is 0.96, and 1 g Avicel can bind maximally 0.092 g cellulase protein. The Michaelis constant for the adsorption equilibrium [cellulase] + [Avicel] ⇌ [cellulase Avicel] complex is between 2.0 and 2.3 · 10-5 mol/L. This value is based on the assumption that cellulase has an average molecular weight of 48.000. The apparent molecular weight of Avicel, i.e., that amount in grams that can bind 1 mol cellulase, is 520,000. Under maximum binding the enzyme covers on Avicel a surface of 42 m2/g, and the occupied volume is 0.186 cm3/g Avicel.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260320703
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on a wild strain of Schizophyllum commune: Cellulase and xylanase production and formation of the extracellular polysaccharide Schizophyllan (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A wild strain of schizophyllum commune (Fr:Fr:) isolated in Bangladesh produced cellulase and xyianase in high yields as well as the exobiopolymer schizophyllan. It was found experimentally that concentrations of 4% Avicel, 3.5% peptone, and 0.5% Ca(NO3)2·4H2O were optimal for growth and product formation. Bacto-peptone was found to be the most suitable substrate of a number of casein, mycological, and meat peptone preparations for enzyme production. Young plate-culture inocula (4 days) were found to be better than comparatively aged fungal cultures (14 days). With the optimized medium, 5 units filter paper (FP) cellulase, 1244 units xylanase, 108 units β-glucosidase, and 65 units of carboxymethyl (CM) cellulase per mL culture filtrate were obtained in shake flasks. In a laboratory fermentor the respective enzyme activities were 4.5 units FP-cellulase, 1200 units xylanase, 100 units β-glucosidase, and 60 units CM-cellulase per mL culture filtrate. A biopolymer, reported to be active against can cerous cells, was an additional product in addition to the enzymes.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300206
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of enzyme concentration on the rate of the hydrolysis of cellulose (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 1221-1234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The relationship among extent of hydrolysis, reaction time, and enzyme dosage was investigated. For this, Sigmacell 50 and pretreated poplar wood (20 g/L) was hydrolyzed with varying dosages of cellulases from three different sources (5 to 100 FPU/g) for time periods ranging from 2 to 94 h. It was found that the formation of glucose can be described by summation of two parallel first order reactions. The extent of hydrolysis at fixed time increases with increasing enzyme dosage in a hyperbolic function. From the empirical data it is possible to calculate the fractions of easily and difficult hydrolyzable cellulose and the digestability which could maximally be obtained at infinite enzyme loadings. In the system Sigmacell 50 and Celluclast the easily and difficult hydrolyzable components are 43.0 and 57.0%, respectively, and the maximum digestability at 94 h is 82.6%. Poplar wood, steam treated at 200°, 220°, and 240°C, showed with Celluclast at 24 h a maximum digestability (weight percentage of wood degraded to glucose) of 43.9, 64.9, and 68.0%. The relationships derived from experimental data allow one to compare objectively the effectiveness of different cellulase enzymes and different pretreatments.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260331002
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