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  • Consensus development conferences  (1)
  • Entzündungsmediatoren  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 9 (1995), S. 550-563 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Consensus development conferences ; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy ; Laparoscopic appendectomy ; Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Under the mandate of the Educational Committee of the European Association of Endoscopic Surgery (E.A.E.S.), three consensus development conferences (CDCs) were performed in order to assess the current status of the endoscopic surgical approaches for the treatment of cholelithiasis, appendicitis, and inguinal hernia. Consensus panels for the different disease states (10–13 members each) selected by the education committee on the basis of members' clinical expertise, academic activity, community influence, and geographical location weighed the evidence on the basis of published results according to the criteria for technology assessment: feasibility, efficacy, effectiveness, economy. Draft statements were prepared, discussed by the panels, and presented at plenary sessions of the 2nd European Congress of the E.A.E.S. in Madrid September 15–17, 1994. Following discussions final consensus statements were formulated to provide specific answers for each topic to a minimum of the following questions: 1. What stage of technological development is the endoscopic surgical procedure at (in September 1994)? 2. Is endoscopic surgery safe and feasible? 3. Is it beneficial to the patients? 4. Who should undergo endoscopic surgery? 5. What are the training recommendations? Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the procedure of choice for symptomatic cholelithiasis. Laparoscopic appendectomy is presently at the efficacy stage of development, because most of the data on feasibility and safety originate from centers with special interest in endoscopic surgery: it is not yet the gold standard for acute appendicitis. Endoscopic hernia repair is presently a feasible alternative for conventional hernia repair if performed by experienced endoscopic surgeons. It appears to be efficacious in the short-term. The full text of the consensus panel's statements is given in this publication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schädel-Hirn-Trauma ; Polytrauma ; Entzündungsmediatoren ; Key words Severe head trauma ; Polytrauma ; Inflammatory mediators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Isolated severe head trauma (SHT) or SHT in combination with multiple injuries are important factors for the prognosis of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from the consequences of accidents. The prognosis mainly depends on the presence of primary mechanic brain injury and the development of secondary brain damage. Causes for the development of secondary brain damage are the intracranial space demand after traumatic injury and edema formation which may result in iscemia, as well as inflammatory processes. Both isolated SHT and polytrauma with or without brain damage may result in a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) due to the synthesis of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators which may cause a single or multiple organ failure (MOF). Often the organism is able to survive isolated traumatic injuries and functional disturbances, but in combination or cumulation they may be lethal. The hypermetabolism after SHT is often regarded as an interaction between the central nervous system and the whole organism by the activation of the neuroendocrine axis. In contrast to the consequences of SHT for the whole organism, multiple injuries after polytrauma may affect brain functions, such as the shock dependent disturbance of the brain perfusion accompanied by brain hypoxia which may lead to an aggravated prognosis. Moreover, coagulation, metabolism and fracture healing are influenced by the onset of SIRS as well. Our knowledge about the bidirectional inflammatory interaction between brain and whole organism is still limited. In this context, the effects of secondary surgical interventions which may additionally stress a traumatized body have to be considered and are the subject for actual clinical discussions and experimental studies. This article tries to summarize some important aspects on this topic.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das isolierte oder mit weiteren Verletzungen kombinierte Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) ist ein Hauptprognosefaktor für Morbidität und Mortalität nach einem Unfallereignis. Die Prognose des Patienten ist sowohl von der primären, mechanischen Hirnschädigung als auch von der Entwicklung sekundärer Hirnschäden abhängig. Als Ursachen einer sekundären Hirnschädigung werden neben der intrakraniellen Raumforderung aufgrund posttraumatischer Blutungen und Ödembildungen, sowie der daraus resultierenden Ischämie, Entzündungsprozesse diskutiert. Sowohl beim isolierten SHT als auch nach Polytrauma mit und ohne Hirnschädigung kann eine inflammatorische “Systemreaktion” (SIRS) unter der Beteiligung von Zytokinen und anderen Entzündungsmediatoren zu einem Ein- oder Multiorganversagen (MOF) führen. Dabei sind einzelne Verletzungskomponenten und Funktionsstörungen meistens überlebbar, können jedoch in Ihrer Kombination und Kumulation tödlich enden. Hypermetabolische Zustände nach einem SHT werden auch als Interaktionen des ZNS mit dem Gesamtorganismus unter Beteiligung der neuroendokrinen Achse aufgefaßt. Diesen Auswirkungen eines SHT auf den übrigen Organismus ist der Einfluß multipler Verletzungen eines polytraumatisierten Verletzten auf die Hirnfunktion gegenüberzustellen, wobei schockbedingte Perfusionsstörungen eine prognoselimitierende Hypoxie des Gehirns verursachen können. Darüber hinaus beeinflußt die generalisierte “Ganzkörperentzündungsreaktion” Blutgerinnung, Stoffwechsel und Frakturheilung. Die Kenntnisse der traumainduzierten, bidirektionalen, inflammatorischen Interaktionen zwischen Gehirn und Gesamtorganismus, sowie der Einfluß der derzeit angewendeten Therapiemaßnahmen sind bisher noch unzureichend und bedürfen weiterer Aufklärung. Letztendlich muß aus dieser Sicht auch die Wahl des richtigen Zeitpunktes für sekundäre Eingriffe, die nicht unmittelbar der Lebenserhaltung dienen und zu einer zusätzlichen Belastung des Patienten durch das Operationstrauma führen, überdacht werden. Diese Arbeit versucht wichtige Aspekte auf diesem Gebiet zusammenzufassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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