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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Histamine — Histamine receptors — Inflammation — Neutrophils — Signal transduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: In order to understand the underlying mechanism of histamine stimulated inflammatory responses, histamine receptor subtypes and signal transduction pathways by which histamine mediates the stimulation of neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells has been studied in vitro.¶Material: Human neutrophils and human umbilical vein endothelial cells.¶Treatment: Confluent human endothelial cell layer were incubated with histamine (1 mM), H1, H2 or H3 receptor agonists: fluorophenylhistamine (10 μM), amthamine (10 μm), methylhistamine (10 μM), respectively. Ten minutes prior to histamine (1 mM) stimulation H1, H2 or H3 receptor antagonists (dimethindene, 100 μM; famotidine, 100 μM, thioperamid 100 μM, respectively) were added. Histamine stimulated signal transduction pathways were inhibited by adding phospholipase C inhibitor 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl N,N-diphenylcarbamat (200 μM), adenylate cyclase inhibitor 9-(2 tetrahydrofuryl)adenine (80 μM), nitric oxide synthase isozymes inhibitor S-ethylisothiourea (1 μM) or guanylate cyclase inhibitor (LY 83583; 10 μM). Neutrophil adhesion was monitored at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 min.¶Methods: Neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells was quantified by analysing alkaline phosphatase activity.¶Results: Histamine stimulation of endothelial cells resulted in a biphasic time and concentration dependent pattern of neutrophil adhesion. This pattern of neutrophil adhesion was mimicked by stimulation of endothelial cells with H1 or H2 agonists. Stimulation of endothelial cells with an H3 agonist had no effect on neutrophil binding. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC), nitric oxide synthase isozymes (NOS) or guanylate cyclase (GC) resulted in a significant decrease of neutrophil binding to histamine or agonist stimulated endothelial cells. An increase of neutrophil binding to unstimulated or to agonist stimulated endothelial cells was observed during inhibition of adenylate cyclase.¶Conclusions: Our results suggest that histamine stimulated neutrophil adhesion is due to H1 and H2 receptor mediated activation of PLC, NOS and GC. Increase of cAMP concentration seems to mediate an inhibitory effect on PMN adhesion to endothelial cells
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 13 (1998), S. 43-47 
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Keywords: Key words Diverticular disease ; Laparoscopically assisted sigmoid resection ; Open sigmoid resection ; Recovery ; Morbidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer le devenir des patients ayant subi une sigmoïdectomie laparoscopique pour maladie diverticulaire. Vingt-neuf patients consécutifs ont été traités chirurgicalement pour une diverticulite colique. Vingt-sept des cas ont pu être opérés par laparoscopie, L'étude des dossiers cliniques d'un groupe-contrôle de 34 patients subissant une résection ouverte a servi de comparaison. Le taux de conversion est de 7,5%. Par laparoscopie, la durée de l'intervention chirurgicale a été plus longue (165 vs 121 minutes, P〈0,05), les pertes sanguines (182 vs 352 ml, P〈0,05) et les transfusions sanguines moindres (0 vs 16%). L'incidence des complications suivant la laparoscopie a été inférieure (2 fuites anastomotiques, 2 infections de plaie) en comparaison à la chirurgie conventionnelle. La convalescence du groupe laparoscopique a été plus rapide et la durée d'hospitalisation réduite (7,9 vs 14,3 jours, P〈0,05). Dans le groupe laparascopique, les douleurs au repos et aux mouvements ont été inférieures. Let coût du geste chirurgical laparoscopique a été inférieur en comparaison à la résection conventionelle (7185 vs 8975 DM). Dans cette série, la résection sigmoïdienne par laparoscopie pour maladie diverticulaire est sûre et plus rapide, la durée de guérison est plus rapide, la durée d'hospitalisation plus brève et les patients ont présenté moins de douleurs dans le groupe laparoscopique en comparaison avec la chirurgie conventionelle.
    Notes: Abstract This study evaluated outcome in patients undergoing laparoscopically assisted sigmoid resection for diverticular disease. A total of 29 consecutive patients were treated surgically for colonic diverticulitis; in 27 of these laparoscopy was performed. The review of medical records from a control group of 34 patients undergoing open resection were used for comparison. The conversion rate was 7.5%. Using the laparoscopic technique the duration of surgery was longer (165 vs. 121 min, P〈0.05), blood loss less (182 vs. 352 ml, P〈0.05), and subsequent blood transfusion less (0 vs. 61%). The incidence of complications following laparoscopic resection was lower (two anastomotic leakages, two wound infections) than in the conventional group. Convalescence in the laparoscopic group was more rapid and hospital stay shorter (7.9 vs. 14.3 days, P〈0.05). In the laparoscopic group patients expressed less pain at rest and in motion. The cost of the laparoscopically assisted procedure was less than that of conventional resection (7185 vs. 8975 DM). In this series laparoscopically assisted sigmoid resection for diverticulitis proved safe. Recovery was faster, hospital stay was shorter, and patients expressed less pain than in conventional open surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 12 (1998), S. 281-282 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopic surgery — Carcinoid — Cholecystectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A case of a coincidental finding of hepatic carcinoid micrometastases, barely visible to the eye, during routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy is reported. The micrometastases were possibly recognized as a result of a beneficial aspect of laparoscopic surgery, namely the 〉10× enlargement of tissue/pathologic structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schädel-Hirn-Trauma ; Polytrauma ; Entzündungsmediatoren ; Key words Severe head trauma ; Polytrauma ; Inflammatory mediators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Isolated severe head trauma (SHT) or SHT in combination with multiple injuries are important factors for the prognosis of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from the consequences of accidents. The prognosis mainly depends on the presence of primary mechanic brain injury and the development of secondary brain damage. Causes for the development of secondary brain damage are the intracranial space demand after traumatic injury and edema formation which may result in iscemia, as well as inflammatory processes. Both isolated SHT and polytrauma with or without brain damage may result in a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) due to the synthesis of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators which may cause a single or multiple organ failure (MOF). Often the organism is able to survive isolated traumatic injuries and functional disturbances, but in combination or cumulation they may be lethal. The hypermetabolism after SHT is often regarded as an interaction between the central nervous system and the whole organism by the activation of the neuroendocrine axis. In contrast to the consequences of SHT for the whole organism, multiple injuries after polytrauma may affect brain functions, such as the shock dependent disturbance of the brain perfusion accompanied by brain hypoxia which may lead to an aggravated prognosis. Moreover, coagulation, metabolism and fracture healing are influenced by the onset of SIRS as well. Our knowledge about the bidirectional inflammatory interaction between brain and whole organism is still limited. In this context, the effects of secondary surgical interventions which may additionally stress a traumatized body have to be considered and are the subject for actual clinical discussions and experimental studies. This article tries to summarize some important aspects on this topic.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das isolierte oder mit weiteren Verletzungen kombinierte Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) ist ein Hauptprognosefaktor für Morbidität und Mortalität nach einem Unfallereignis. Die Prognose des Patienten ist sowohl von der primären, mechanischen Hirnschädigung als auch von der Entwicklung sekundärer Hirnschäden abhängig. Als Ursachen einer sekundären Hirnschädigung werden neben der intrakraniellen Raumforderung aufgrund posttraumatischer Blutungen und Ödembildungen, sowie der daraus resultierenden Ischämie, Entzündungsprozesse diskutiert. Sowohl beim isolierten SHT als auch nach Polytrauma mit und ohne Hirnschädigung kann eine inflammatorische “Systemreaktion” (SIRS) unter der Beteiligung von Zytokinen und anderen Entzündungsmediatoren zu einem Ein- oder Multiorganversagen (MOF) führen. Dabei sind einzelne Verletzungskomponenten und Funktionsstörungen meistens überlebbar, können jedoch in Ihrer Kombination und Kumulation tödlich enden. Hypermetabolische Zustände nach einem SHT werden auch als Interaktionen des ZNS mit dem Gesamtorganismus unter Beteiligung der neuroendokrinen Achse aufgefaßt. Diesen Auswirkungen eines SHT auf den übrigen Organismus ist der Einfluß multipler Verletzungen eines polytraumatisierten Verletzten auf die Hirnfunktion gegenüberzustellen, wobei schockbedingte Perfusionsstörungen eine prognoselimitierende Hypoxie des Gehirns verursachen können. Darüber hinaus beeinflußt die generalisierte “Ganzkörperentzündungsreaktion” Blutgerinnung, Stoffwechsel und Frakturheilung. Die Kenntnisse der traumainduzierten, bidirektionalen, inflammatorischen Interaktionen zwischen Gehirn und Gesamtorganismus, sowie der Einfluß der derzeit angewendeten Therapiemaßnahmen sind bisher noch unzureichend und bedürfen weiterer Aufklärung. Letztendlich muß aus dieser Sicht auch die Wahl des richtigen Zeitpunktes für sekundäre Eingriffe, die nicht unmittelbar der Lebenserhaltung dienen und zu einer zusätzlichen Belastung des Patienten durch das Operationstrauma führen, überdacht werden. Diese Arbeit versucht wichtige Aspekte auf diesem Gebiet zusammenzufassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 13 (1999), S. 268-269 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Abdominal wall paresis — Laparoscopic procedures — Incisional hernia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A case of combined abdominal wall paresis and incisional hernia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is reported. The paresis possibly occurred by a lesion of the N. intercostalis when extending the incision for stone extraction. Possibly the paresis was a predisposing factor for the development of an incisional hernia. The causes of abdominal wall paresis are explored with a review of the literature. In spite of minimal trauma to the anterior abdominal wall in laparoscopic procedures, the risk of iatrogenic lesions remains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 383 (1998), S. 26-34 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Sepsis ; Mediators ; Antimediators ; Modulation ; Study design ; Complexity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sepsis, the systemic response (specific and non-specific) of the body to an infection, is an increasing clinical problem. During the last 30 years, nearly 50 clinical trials involving more than 10,000 patients have failed to demonstrate improvement of patients' outcome with different “anti-mediator” strategies. The wrong conceptional approaches to interact with the complex mediator network and flaws in study design and conduct are the main reasons for this disappointing situation. We learned, however, that the systemic host response is more than persistent uncontrolled inflammation; it is also a stimulation of the counter regulatory network. Although it is important to analyse the complex picture, we have now reached a point where more sophisticated strategies for describing complexity and novel attempts for synthesis are needed. Along this line, improved study designs (decrease of “signal-to-noise ratio”) are mandatory. In addition, secondary preventive strategies are emphasised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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