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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of additional brain injury on systemic interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-13 levels in trauma patients (2000)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 49 (2000), S. 524-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Human - Trauma - Antiinflammation - Cytokines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Objective: Besides interleukin (IL)-10, accumulating evidence from in vitro studies has indicated a strong antiinflammatory capacity for IL-13. A prospective clinical study was undertaken to assess the influence of additional brain injury on systemic IL-10 and IL-13 levels as markers for the antiinflammatory state in trauma patients.¶Material and methods: The course of IL-10 and IL-13 plasma levels from 32 patients with an isolated severe head trauma (SHT), 50 patients with multiple injuries and additional SHT and 39 patients with multiple injuries without SHT was detected using ELISA-technique. Blood samples from 37 healthy blood donors were analysed for control.¶Results: IL-10 levels were significantly elevated in all 3 injury groups within 3 h after trauma. The lowest initial release was detected in patients with an isolated SHT (Injury severity score; ISS: 18.1 ± 5.6). No difference could be demonstrated for the IL-10 levels from multiple injured patients with (ISS: 35.3 ± 9.6) or without additional SHT (ISS: 25.5 ± 11.7), though there were relevant differences in the ISS. In contrast, the IL-13 plasma levels were not elevated systemically after trauma.¶Conclusions: IL-10 but not IL-13 is a detectable antiinflammatory marker in trauma patients with or without brain injury and to a minor degree in patients with an isolated SHT.¶
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050626
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial toxins induce heat shock proteins in human neutrophils
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 179 (1991), S. 872-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(91)91899-N
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arachidonic acid metabolites from polymorphonuclear leukocytes of healthy donors, severely burned patients and children with cystic fibrosis-routine monitoring by high-performance liquid chromatography
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 427 (1988), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-4347(88)80122-1
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunparalyse von T-Lymphocyten und Monocyten in der postoperativen abdominellen Sepsis (2000)
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 71 (2000), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Keywords: Sepsis – Immunosuppression – T cells – Monocytes – Cytokine production. ; Schlüsselwörter: Sepsis – Immunsuppression – T-Zellen – Monocyten – Cytokinproduktion.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Der Funktionszustand peripherer T-Lymphocyten und Monocyten wurde bei Patienten mit postoperativer Sepsis nach großen visceralchirurgischen Operationen anhand der Sekretion von Cytokinen sowie der Expression von HLA-Klasse-II Molekülen auf Monocyten untersucht. Hierzu wurden die Kulturüberstände stimulierter T-Lymphocyten und Monocyten mittels ELISA auf den Gehalt der Cytokine IL-2, IFNγ, IL-4, IL-10, TNFα, IL1β und IL-12 p40 analysiert. Die Antigen-präsentierende Funktion von Monocyten wurde anhand der HLA-DR und -DP Expression ermittelt. Die T-Zell-Sekretion von IL-2, TNF-α und partiell auch von IFNγ war bei Patienten mit letaler Sepsis gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe und Sepsisüberlebern signifikant erniedrigt, während die IL-4 Sekretion nicht alteriert war. Bei der Monocyten-Cytokinsynthese zeigte sich eine Suppression von IL-1β und IL-12 p40, deren Persistenz mit einem letalen Verlauf einherging. Die Suppression der Cytokinsekretion war bei T-Lymphocyten und Monocyten bereits zu Beginn der Sepsis vorhanden. Dies gilt auch für die HLA-Klasse II-Expression peripherer Monocyten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß es in der postoperativen Sepsis zu einer initial einsetzenden Immunparalyse von T-Lymphocyten und Monocyten kommt. Die Erholung der Immunparameter und das Ausmaß der initialen Suppression sind mit dem Überleben der Patienten assoziiert.
    Notes: Abstract. In vitro functions of stimulated peripheral T cells and monocytes were investigated in patients experiencing sepsis following major visceral surgery. Cell culture supernatants were analyzed by ELISA for IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-12 p40. In addition, monocyte HLA class II expression was determined by flow cytometry. T cell secretion of IL-2, TNF-α, and in part IFN-γ (but not IL-4) was significantly diminished in non-survivors throughout the entire course of sepsis, compared to controls and sepsis survivors. Production of IL-1β and IL-12 p40 by monocytes was strongly reduced in both survivors and non-survivors at the onset of sepsis. Persistence of depressed monocyte cytokine secretion correlated with lethality. Thus, overall suppression of cytokine production by T cells and monocytes was already observed at the beginning of postoperative sepsis. HLA class II expression by monocytes exhibited a strong and sustained down-regulation with no significant differences between sepsis survivors and non-survivors. In summary, suppression of both T cell and monocyte functions develops early during postoperative sepsis. Recovery of immune functions and severity of immune defects are associated with outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001040050028
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normal T lymphocyte and monocyte function after minimally invasive surgery (1998)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 12 (1998), S. 1020-1024 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopy — Immunology — Adverse effects — Monocytes — T lymphocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate immune defense mechanisms after laparoscopic (LCHE) and open cholecystectomy (CHE), particularly with regard to monocyte and T-lymphocyte function. Methods: In a prospective study, we evaluated the following immunological data from 27 patients (21 women, six men; mean age, 47.2 years) submitted to elective LCHE and 14 patients (seven women, seven men; mean age, 60.8 years) undergoing elective CHE: T-lymphocyte proliferation (stimulated by SEA, SEB, TSST-1 with antigen presentation by patient monocytes), expression of cell surface molecules on monocytes (HLA-DR, CD80, L-Selectin), CD4+ T lymphocytes (HLA-DR, CD25, ICAM-1, L-Selectin), and granulocytes (L-Selectin). Blood samples were collected preoperatively and on postoperative days 1 and 6–7. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test for paired samples. Results: HLA-DR on monocytes significantly decreased after LCHE during the early postoperative course but returned to preoperative levels within 1 week. After CHE, significant downregulation of HLA-DR expression persisted throughout the whole observation period. This decrease, however, did not alter the antigen-presenting capacity of monocytes in both groups. Moreover, the APC-independent proliferative capacity of T lymphocytes was unimpaired. CD25 expression was significantly increased on postoperative day 1 after CHE but not after LCHE. Expression of HLA-DR, ICAM1, and L-Selectin on CD4+ T cells was not altered in either group. CD80 on monocytes and L-Selectin on monocytes and granulocytes remained unchanged after both procedures. Conclusions: HLA-DR surface molecules on monocytes that are required for antigen presentation were significantly decreased in both groups; they returned to normal within 1 week after LCHE but not after CHE. However, the antigen-presenting capacity of monocytes remained normal in both groups. T-cell stimulation, reflected by an increase of CD25 expression, was observed only after CHE, not after LCHE. We therefore conclude that LCHE interferes less with immune defense than CHE; however, the clinical relevance of the changes noted after the open operation remains to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004649900772
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das schwere Schädel-Hirn-Trauma bei Mehrfachverletzten Eine Bestandsaufnahme zur Interaktion lokaler und systemischer Mediatorwirkungen (2000)
    Springer
    Der Unfallchirurg 103 (2000), S. 122-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schädel-Hirn-Trauma ; Polytrauma ; Entzündungsmediatoren ; Key words Severe head trauma ; Polytrauma ; Inflammatory mediators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Isolated severe head trauma (SHT) or SHT in combination with multiple injuries are important factors for the prognosis of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from the consequences of accidents. The prognosis mainly depends on the presence of primary mechanic brain injury and the development of secondary brain damage. Causes for the development of secondary brain damage are the intracranial space demand after traumatic injury and edema formation which may result in iscemia, as well as inflammatory processes. Both isolated SHT and polytrauma with or without brain damage may result in a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) due to the synthesis of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators which may cause a single or multiple organ failure (MOF). Often the organism is able to survive isolated traumatic injuries and functional disturbances, but in combination or cumulation they may be lethal. The hypermetabolism after SHT is often regarded as an interaction between the central nervous system and the whole organism by the activation of the neuroendocrine axis. In contrast to the consequences of SHT for the whole organism, multiple injuries after polytrauma may affect brain functions, such as the shock dependent disturbance of the brain perfusion accompanied by brain hypoxia which may lead to an aggravated prognosis. Moreover, coagulation, metabolism and fracture healing are influenced by the onset of SIRS as well. Our knowledge about the bidirectional inflammatory interaction between brain and whole organism is still limited. In this context, the effects of secondary surgical interventions which may additionally stress a traumatized body have to be considered and are the subject for actual clinical discussions and experimental studies. This article tries to summarize some important aspects on this topic.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das isolierte oder mit weiteren Verletzungen kombinierte Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) ist ein Hauptprognosefaktor für Morbidität und Mortalität nach einem Unfallereignis. Die Prognose des Patienten ist sowohl von der primären, mechanischen Hirnschädigung als auch von der Entwicklung sekundärer Hirnschäden abhängig. Als Ursachen einer sekundären Hirnschädigung werden neben der intrakraniellen Raumforderung aufgrund posttraumatischer Blutungen und Ödembildungen, sowie der daraus resultierenden Ischämie, Entzündungsprozesse diskutiert. Sowohl beim isolierten SHT als auch nach Polytrauma mit und ohne Hirnschädigung kann eine inflammatorische “Systemreaktion” (SIRS) unter der Beteiligung von Zytokinen und anderen Entzündungsmediatoren zu einem Ein- oder Multiorganversagen (MOF) führen. Dabei sind einzelne Verletzungskomponenten und Funktionsstörungen meistens überlebbar, können jedoch in Ihrer Kombination und Kumulation tödlich enden. Hypermetabolische Zustände nach einem SHT werden auch als Interaktionen des ZNS mit dem Gesamtorganismus unter Beteiligung der neuroendokrinen Achse aufgefaßt. Diesen Auswirkungen eines SHT auf den übrigen Organismus ist der Einfluß multipler Verletzungen eines polytraumatisierten Verletzten auf die Hirnfunktion gegenüberzustellen, wobei schockbedingte Perfusionsstörungen eine prognoselimitierende Hypoxie des Gehirns verursachen können. Darüber hinaus beeinflußt die generalisierte “Ganzkörperentzündungsreaktion” Blutgerinnung, Stoffwechsel und Frakturheilung. Die Kenntnisse der traumainduzierten, bidirektionalen, inflammatorischen Interaktionen zwischen Gehirn und Gesamtorganismus, sowie der Einfluß der derzeit angewendeten Therapiemaßnahmen sind bisher noch unzureichend und bedürfen weiterer Aufklärung. Letztendlich muß aus dieser Sicht auch die Wahl des richtigen Zeitpunktes für sekundäre Eingriffe, die nicht unmittelbar der Lebenserhaltung dienen und zu einer zusätzlichen Belastung des Patienten durch das Operationstrauma führen, überdacht werden. Diese Arbeit versucht wichtige Aspekte auf diesem Gebiet zusammenzufassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001130050023
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