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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficiency and Efficacy of the Electrogastrogram (1998)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 43 (1998), S. 1023-1030 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: ELECTROGASTROGRAPHY ; GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY ; GASTRIC EMPTYING ; STOMACH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The efficiency and efficacy of theelectrogastrogram (EGG) involve a few practical factors,including recording length, sample size, and thecharacteristics of subjects. The aim of this study wasto investigate the effect of these factors on the accuracy ofEGG analysis. Gastric myoelectrical activity wasrecorded using electrogastrography in 24 subjects (ages22-91 years) for 1 hr in the fasting state and 2 hr after a test meal. Computerized spectralanalysis was performed to compute EGG parameters,including dominant frequency, dominant power, and thepercentage of 2-4 cycles per minute (cpm) slow waves. A parameter called misinterpretation was definedto investigate the effect of recording length. Theresults were as follows: (1) Using the recording lengthof 1 hr in each state as a gold standard, themisinterpretation for the recording length of 30 min was 27% forthe dominant frequency and 17% for the dominant power.When the recording length was reduced to 15 min, themisinterpretation increased to 61% for the dominant frequency and 38% for the dominant power. (2)With a sample size of 10 subjects and a recording lengthof 60 min, a statistically significant postprandialincrease was observed in the dominant frequency and power, and a trend in the postprandialincrease of the regularity of the EGG was noted. Whenthe sample size increased to 24 subjects, a significantpostprandial increase was found in all these parameters. (3) None of the EGG parameters exhibited anysignificant difference between the younger and oldersubjects or between men and women. In conclusion, arecording length of 30-60 min seems to be appropriate and produces reliable and predictable results.Age and gender do not affect any of the EGGparameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018830801785
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired Postprandial Gastric Slow Waves in Patients with Functional Dyspepsia (1998)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 43 (1998), S. 1678-1684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: ELECTROGASTROGRAPHY ; GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY ; FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA ; GASTRIC EMPTYING
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate gastricmyoelectrical activity in patients with functionaldyspepsia. Thirteen healthy subjects and 14 patientswith functional dyspepsia participated in the study. The electrogastrogram (EGG) recording was madein each subject for 30 min in the fasting state and 120min after a standard test meal of 475 calories. Spectralanalysis methods were applied to derive quantitative EGG parameters. There was no difference in theEGG between the patients and controls in the fastingstate. However, abnormalities in the postprandial EGGwere found in the patients. The percentage of 2-4 cpmwaves was significantly lower (74.4 ± 4.0% vs85.7 ± 1.6%, P 〈 0.03) and the postprandialincrease in EGG dominant power was significantly less(–0.52 ± 0.92 dB vs 2.24 ± 0.88 dB,P 〈 0.03) in patients than in controls. It was alsofound that the percentage of postprandial 2-4 cpm wavescould be used to differentiate the patients withfunctional dyspepsia from the healthy controls with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 43%. It was concluded that a subset of patients withfunctional dyspepsia have impaired gastric myoelectricalactivity in the fed state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018806913907
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric Myoelectrical Activity in Healthy Children and Children with Functional Dyspepsia (1998)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 43 (1998), S. 2384-2391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: ELECTROGASTROGRAPHY ; FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA ; GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY ; GASTRIC EMPTYING
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to investigateabnormalities in pediatric patients with functionaldyspepsia. Fifteen symptomatic pediatric patientsdiagnosed with functional dyspepsia and 17 aged-matchedhealthy controls were studied. Gastric myoelectricalactivity was recorded using surface electrogastrographyfor 1 hr in the fasting state and 1 hr after a testmeal. It was found that, in comparison with thecontrols, the children with functional dyspepsia had alower percentage of 2- to 4-cpm slow waves in bothfasting state (66.0 ± 4.7% vs 79.7 ± 3.1%,P 〈 0.07) and fed state (72.4 ± 5.4% vs 85.0± 2.9%, P 〈 0.04), and a significantly higherinstability of the dominant frequency in both fastingstate (0.50 ± 0.05 vs 0.31 ± 0.04, P 〈0.01) and fed state (0.39 ± 0.05 vs 0.25 ±0.03, P 〈 0.05). It was also found the postprandial increase inEGG dominant power in the patients was inverselycorrelated with the total symptom score (r = 0.63, P =0.03). It was concluded that abnormal gastricmyoelectrical activity may play a role in the pathogenesis ofpediatric functional dyspepsia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026661627304
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Electroacupuncture on Gastric Migrating Myoelectrical Complex in Dogs (1999)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 44 (1999), S. 56-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: GASTRIC SLOW WAVES ; GASTRIC MOTILITY ; GASTRIC EMPTYING ; ELECTROACUPUNCTURE ; ELECTROGASTROGRAPHY
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate thecharacteristics of the gastric slow wave duringdifferent phases of the migrating myoelectrical complex(MMC) and the effect of electroacupuncture on the MMC. The experiment was performed in eight hounddogs implanted with one pair of bipolar serosalelectrodes 2 cm proximal to the pylorus. Gastricmyoelectrical activity was recorded for three completecycles of the MMC in two sessions, one withelectroacupuncture at points ST36 and PC6 and the otherat sham points. The acupuncture was performed for 30 minin phase I of the second cycle of the MMC. Spectral analysis was performed to compute the frequencyand power (amplitude) of the gastric slow wave, whereasblind visual analysis was applied to compute theappearance of spike potentials and the length of each phase of the MMC. It was found that therewas a significant difference in the frequency and powerof the gastric slow wave during different phases of theMMC (P 〈 0.05). Phase I was characterized with the highest frequency and lowest power ofthe gastric slow wave, whereas phase III exhibited thehighest power in the slow wave. It was also found thatin comparison with the sham points, electroacupuncture at the acupoints increased the number of spikebursts. This increase was not significant during the MMCcycle with electroacupuncture (34.4 ± 4.1 vs 27.5± 2.5%, P 〉 0.05) but became significant during the cycle after electroacupuncture (39.8± 3.3% vs 27.5 ± 2.5%, P 〈 0.0005).Similarly, during the MMC cycle after electroacupunctureat the acupoints, there was a significant decrease in the length of phase I (14.8 ± 2.2 vs46.9 ± 6.1 min, P 〈 0.003) and a significantincrease in the length of phase II (75.6 ± 9.9 vs30.6 ± 4.1 min, P 〈 0.003) and phase III (25.8± 0.6 vs 22.1 ± 0.7 min, P 〈 0.003). A similarincrease was observed during the MMC cycle withelectroacupuncture but was not statisticallysignificant. In conclusion, the gastric slow wave hasthe highest power during phase III of the MMC, indicatingthat the antral contraction is characterized not only bythe appearance of spikes, but also by the increasedpower of the slow wave. Electroacupuncture at acupoints of ST36 and PC6 enhances the gastric MMC byreducing the length of phase I and increasing the lengthof phases II and III.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026645931867
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of the propagation direction of human electrogastric activity from cutaneous recordings (1989)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 27 (1989), S. 538-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Electrogastrography ; Gastric activity ; Phase shift
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electrogastric signals have been successfully measured both intraluminally and cutaneously. although it has been claimed by several researchers that the propagation direction of the electrogastric activities cannot be observed from cutaneous recordings, it is the aim of the paper to show that it is feasible. The reason why the propagation direction has never been observed from cutaneous recordings is that the reported methods for the abdominal measurements are not adequate. In the paper it is pointed out that the stomach should be localised before the measurement and the electrodes should be attached along the longitudinal axis of the stomach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441475
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrogastrography: measuremnt, analysis and prospective applications (1991)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 29 (1991), S. 339-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Bio-potential ; Electrogastrography ; Gastric motility ; Myoelectrical activity ; Signal analysis ; Slow wave ; Stomach
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electrogastrography (EGG), the cutaneous recording of the myoelectrical activity of the stomach using surface electrodes, is attractive due to its non-invasiveness and its correlation with gastric motility. Since the first measurement of the EGG, a great deal of research effort has been expended on investigating its relationship with specific activities of the stomach in question. In this review, we discuss how to measure the EGG, what information is available in the EGG, how to extract useful information from the EGG and the prospective applications of the EGG. After a brief historic evolution of the EGG, we first discuss the measurement of the EGG, the importance of localisation of the stomach and the characteristics of the EGG. The most commonly used EGG data-analysis methods, both power spectral analysis and waveform analysis, are then outlined. Some of prospective applications of the EGG in clinical diagnosis and medical research are described, mainly concerning the correlation between EGG amplitude and gastric motility and that between EGG rhythmic variations and motility disorders. Specifically, we present studies on pre- and postprandial EGGs, observation of the propagation direction of the gastric slow wave and gastric electrical dysrhythmias and their correlation with gastric motility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441653
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptive spectral analysis of cutaneous electrogastric signals using autoregressive moving average modelling (1990)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 28 (1990), S. 531-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Autoregressive moving average modelling ; Electrogastrography ; Gastric motility ; Gastric slow wave ; Spectral analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The recording of the human, gastric myoelectrical activity, by means of cutaneous electrodes is called electrogastrography (EGG). It provides a noninvasive method of studying electrogastric behaviour. The normal frequency of the gastric signal is about 0·05 Hz. However, sudden changes of its frequency have been observed and are generally considered to be related to gastric motility disorders. Thus, spectral analysis, especially online spectral analysis, can serve as a valuable tool for practical purposes. The paper presents a new method of the adaptive spectral analysis of cutaneous electrogastric signals using autoregressive moving average (ARMA) modelling. It is based on an adaptive ARMA filter and provides both time and frequency information of the signal. Its performance is investigated in comparison with the conventional FFT-based periodogram method. Its properties in tracking time-varying instantaneous frequencies are shown. Its applications to the running spectral analysis of cutaneous electrogastric signals are presented. The proposed adaptive ARMA spectral analysis method is easy to implement and is efficient in computations. The results presented in the paper show that this new method provides a better performance and is very useful for the online monitoring of cutaneous electrogastric signals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02442603
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimized Overcomplete Signal Representation and its Applications to Time-frequency Analysis of Electrogastrogram (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 26 (1998), S. 859-869 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Spectral analysis ; Matching pursuit ; Stomach ; Gastric motility ; Electrogastrography ; Evolutionary programming ; Signal analysis ; Electrogastrogram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The electrogastrogram (EGG) is a surface measurement of gastric myoelectrical activity. The normal frequency of gastric myoelectrical activity in humans is 3 cycles/min. Abnormal frequencies in gastric myoelectrical activity have been found to be associated with functional disorders of the stomach. The aim of this article was, therefore, to develop new time-frequency analysis methods for the detection of gastric dysrhythmia from the EGG. A concept of overcomplete signal representation was used. Two algorithms were proposed for the optimization of the overcomplete signal representation. One was a fast algorithm of matching pursuit and the other was based on an evolutionary program. Computer simulations were performed to compare the performance of the proposed methods in comparison with existing time-frequency analysis methods. It was found that the proposed algorithms provide higher frequency resolution than the short time Fourier transform and Wigner-Ville distribution methods. The practical application of the developed methods to the EGG is also presented. It was concluded that these methods are well suited for the time-frequency analysis of the EGG and may also be applicable to the time-frequency analysis of other biomedical signals. © 1998 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC98: 8780+s, 0705Kf
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/1.69
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Filter Banks and Neural Network-based Feature Extraction and Automatic Classification of Electrogastrogram (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 27 (1999), S. 88-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Electrogastrography ; Gastric motility ; Stomach ; Filter banks ; Neural networks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Dysrhythmia in gastric myoelectrical activity has been frequently observed in patients with gastric motor disorders and gastrointestinal symptoms. The assessment of the regularity of gastric myoelectrical activity is of great clinical significance. The aim of this study was to develop an automated assessment method for the regularity of gastric myoelectrical activity from the surface electrogastrogram (EGG). The method proposed in this paper was based on the filter bank and neural network. First, the EGG signal was divided into frequency subbands using filter bank analysis. Second, a parameter called the subband energy ratio (SER) was computed for each subband signal. A multilayer perceptron neural network was then used to automatically classify the EGG signal into four categories: bradygastria, normal, tachygastria, and arrhythmia, using the SER as the input. The EGG recording was made using the standard method of electrogastrography by placing electrodes on the abdominal surface. The study was performed in 40 patients with various gastric motor disorders, ten healthy adults, and ten healthy children. The neural network was trained and tested using the EGG data obtained from the patients. The regularity of gastric myoelectrical activity was assessed based on the classification of the minute-by-minute EGG segments. Using the running spectral analysis method as a gold standard, the proposed automated method had an accuracy of 100% for the training set and 97% for the test set. It was concluded that the proposed method provides an accurate and automatic assessment of the regularity of gastric myoelectrical activity from the EGG. © 1999 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC99: 8780-y, 8717-d, 0705Mh, 0270Hm
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/1.151
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency components of the electrogastrogram and their correlations with gastrointestinal contractions in humans (1993)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 31 (1993), S. 60-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Electrogastrogram ; Electrogastrography ; Gastric motility ; Intestinal motility ; Myoelectrical activity ; Spectral analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02446895
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