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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ability of 3-carboxysalsolinol to produce ethanol-like discrimination in rats (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 68 (1980), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Drug discrimination ; Ethanol ; Apomorphine ; Salsolinol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible generalization to 3-carboxysalsolinol (3C-SAL) in a group of rats trained to discriminate a low dose of ethanol (200 mg/kg IP) from the nondrug condition and in another group trained to discriminate 0.16 mg/kg IP apomorphine (AP) from the nondrug condition using a drug discrimination paradigm. In test sessions, ED50 for ethanol was 52.0 mg/kg and ED50 for AP was 0.01 mg/kg. In the ethanol-trained rats, 1.8 mg/kg 3C-SAL produced drug responses. In the AP-trained rats, 200 mg/kg ethanol produced drug responses whereas 1.8 mg/kg 3C-SAL produced only a partial drug response. The results are in harmony with the hypothesis that salsolinol in the central nervous system of the rat may be responsible for the discriminability of ethanol. The possible involvement of dopaminergic systems is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428115
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between discrimination of drug states and external stimuli (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 61 (1979), S. 105-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; External stimuli ; Drug-induced stimulus control ; Discrimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats learned a two-choice operant response by discriminating differences between external stimuli, internal (drug-produced) stimuli, or a combination of these two types of stimuli. Separate groups of rats were used for each stimulus condition. A tactile and visual external cue was superior to the ethanol-saline cue in producing stimulus control, but the group receiving both drug and external stimulus cues performed in a manner very similar to the external cue-only group. The two stimulus sources thus did not “add” to promote more rapid or complete discrimination. After acquisition of discrimination, previously coincident drug and external stimulus states were reversed to determine which stimulus source had more behavioral control. This test for stimulus selectivity indicated that the external stimulus had essentially complete control of response choice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426820
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cholinergic agonists and antagonists on morphine-withdrawal syndrome (1976)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 49 (1976), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Pilocarpine ; Atropine ; Dexetimide ; Methylscopolamine ; Morphine addiction ; Narcotic withdrawal ; Aggression ; Wet shakes ; Diarrhea ; Dopamine ; Acetylcholine interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of pilocarpine, atropine and dexetimide were studied on the occurrence and intensity of morphine-withdrawal signs observed after cessation of chronic morphine injections. Pilocarpine was effective in reducing both ‘wet-dog’ like body shakes and aggression but it increased diarrhea and weight loss. Pretreatment with atropine blocked all of the effects of pilocarpine on withdrawal signs. Methylscopolamine pretreatment blocked only diarrhea. The administration of atropine or dexetimide produced no significant effect on any of the withdrawal signs. These results indicate a role for central cholinergic mechanism in narcotic withdrawal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427289
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in response to the aversive properties and activity effects of low dose ethanol in LAS and HAS selectively bred rats (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 107 (1992), S. 564-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Conditioned place preference ; Locomotor activity ; HAS/LAS ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats selectively bred for high alcohol sleep times (HAS) and those that are less affected (LAS) by hypnotic doses (3.0–3.6 g/kg) of ethanol were tested for differential responses to the aversive effects of 1.0 g/kg ethanol in a conditioned place preference task. Likewise, the effects of 0.3–1.0 g/kg ethanol on spontaneous locomotor activity over a 30-min period, as well as the loss of righting reflex with a higher ethanol dose (3.0 g/kg), were determined in these animals. The LAS rats reacted more aversively to 1.0 g/kg during conditioned place aversion testing than the HAS animals and also had a shorter mean sleeping time following 3.0 g/kg ethanol. Furthermore, dose-related depression of spontaneous motor activity was seen in the HAS animals and not in the LAS animals over a 30-min period using doses of 0.3, 0.6, or 1.0 g/kg (10% w/v) ethanol. Taken together, the results indicate that the intoxicating sequelae of high ethanol doses, such as ataxia and sedation, may not be correlated with the aversive effects of low ethanol doses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245271
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of apomorphine and nigrostriatal lesions on aggression and striatal dopamine turnover during morphine withdrawal: Evidence for dopaminergic supersensitivity in protracted abstinence (1974)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 34 (1974), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Aggression ; Morphine Addiction ; Apomorphine ; Dopamine Receptors ; Receptor Supersensitivity ; Narcotic Abstinence ; Nigrostriatal Lesion ; Medial Forebrain Bundle Lesion ; Protracted Abstinence ; Dopamine Turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Reliable aggression was seen in rats which were grouped 30 days after undergoing continuous withdrawal from morphine. This withdrawal aggression, associated with long-lasting effects of morphine dependence, was blocked by morphine or lesions of the nigrostriatal bundle, but not by lesions of the median forebrain bundle. When the nigrostriatal lesioned rats were treated with a small dose of apomorphine, the aggression was reinstated. Apomorphine reduced the turnover of dopamine in the 30-day withdrawn rats at doses which were ineffective in similarly housed non-dependent rats. These results suggest that animals undergoing protracted morphine abstinence show aggression due to a latent dopaminergic supersensitivity, similar to that previously reported during acute narcotic withdrawal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421218
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of acute deprivation of smoking on aggression and hostility (1974)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 35 (1974), S. 19-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Smoking ; Deprivation ; Aggression ; Reaction Time ; Hostility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Smokers and non-smokers were tested on the Buss aggression-machine to determine their aggression scores and visual reaction times during two sessions. The mean aggression scores of the non-smokers did not differ significantly between sessions whereas there was a significant increase in aggression scores for the chronic smokers in their non-smoking (deprivation) session compared with their smoking session, This increase in aggression in deprived smokers is discussed as a factor in the continuance of the smoking habit and is positively correlated to rated hostility scores on the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421562
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paradoxical absence of aggression during naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal (1975)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 43 (1975), S. 43-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Aggression ; Morphine ; Naloxone ; Apomorphine ; Amphetamine ; Narcotic Withdrawal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aggression, which is normally seen during withdrawal from narcotics, could not be produced in morphine-dependent rats by the administration of naloxone at doses which cause other signs of withdrawal. Apomorphine injected instead of naloxone was capable of producing aggression, without other withdrawal signs. Naturally occurring aggression (72-hr withdrawal) was enhanced by apomorphine and unaffected by naloxone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00437613
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyansäurephenylester (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 76 (1964), S. 303-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19640760709
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese von Schwefelheterocyclen und deren Ringsprengung unter Bildung von Cyansäureestern (1965)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 77 (1965), S. 382-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19650770815
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Addition Reactions of Cyanic Esters (1965)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 4 (1965), S. 73-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196500732
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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