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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Human - Trauma - Antiinflammation - Cytokines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Objective: Besides interleukin (IL)-10, accumulating evidence from in vitro studies has indicated a strong antiinflammatory capacity for IL-13. A prospective clinical study was undertaken to assess the influence of additional brain injury on systemic IL-10 and IL-13 levels as markers for the antiinflammatory state in trauma patients.¶Material and methods: The course of IL-10 and IL-13 plasma levels from 32 patients with an isolated severe head trauma (SHT), 50 patients with multiple injuries and additional SHT and 39 patients with multiple injuries without SHT was detected using ELISA-technique. Blood samples from 37 healthy blood donors were analysed for control.¶Results: IL-10 levels were significantly elevated in all 3 injury groups within 3 h after trauma. The lowest initial release was detected in patients with an isolated SHT (Injury severity score; ISS: 18.1 ± 5.6). No difference could be demonstrated for the IL-10 levels from multiple injured patients with (ISS: 35.3 ± 9.6) or without additional SHT (ISS: 25.5 ± 11.7), though there were relevant differences in the ISS. In contrast, the IL-13 plasma levels were not elevated systemically after trauma.¶Conclusions: IL-10 but not IL-13 is a detectable antiinflammatory marker in trauma patients with or without brain injury and to a minor degree in patients with an isolated SHT.¶
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Postoperative pain ; Pain therapy ; Pain measurement ; Survey. ; Schlüsselwörter: Postoperativer Schmerz ; Schmerztherapie ; Schmerzmessung ; Umfrage.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Mittels einer anonymen Umfrage wurde der Status der perioperativen Schmerztherapie in Deutschland untersucht. Von insgesamt 2254 chirurgischen Abteilungen antworteten 1000 (Rücklaufquote 44,4 %). Die strukturierten Fragen bezogen sich auf Organisationsstruktur und Zuständigkeit in der Schmerzbehandlung, Bedeutung, Methoden der Schmerzmessung/-dokumentation und die Verwendung verschiedener Analgetica/Analgesieverfahren. In 47 % waren Chirurg und Anaesthesist gemeinsam für die Schmerztherapie zuständig, in 33 bzw. 14 % war es der Chirurg bzw. der Anaesthesist allein. Nur 41 % kannten die Vereinbarung zur postoperativen Schmerztherapie, die 1992 durch die Berufsverbände der Deutschen Chirurgen und Anaesthesisten erstellt wurde. Obwohl die Bedeutung postoperativer Schmerzen als hoch angesehen wurde (für den Arzt 77,6 %, für den Patient 94 %), verfügen nur 19,1 % über ein schriftlich fixiertes Therapiekonzept. Schmerzmessungen führen nur 11 % überwiegend mittels der „Visuellen Analog-Scala“ durch. Die medikamentöse Schmerztherapie besteht bevorzugt aus der systemischen Pharmakotherapie; nur 18 % verwenden regionale Analgesieverfahren. 51 % der Chirurgen entscheiden erst auf der Station über die Wahl und Dosierung von Schmerzmedikation. 33 % gestanden ein, erst bei Klagen des Patienten die Therapie zu beginnen. 70 % der Chirurgen haben noch nie an einem Schmerzkongreß teilgenommen. In der Schlußfolgerung erscheint daher die Schmerztherapie vieler chirurgischer Kliniken in Deutschland als ineffektiv, inadäquat und ohne den nötigen organisatorischen und wissenschaftlichen Hintergrund.
    Notes: Summary. To evaluate the status of perioperative pain management we mailed a anonymous postal survey to all 2,254 surgical departments in Germany. We received answers from 1,000 clinics (44.4 %) which were representative related to their regional distribution. We asked the responsible surgeons to report their organizational structure and responsibilities for treating pain patients, the significance of the problem, their methods of measuring pain, and the usage of different analgesic drugs and methods. In 47 % the surgeon and the anesthesist together had responsibility for adequate postoperative pain treatment; in 33 % and 14 %, respectively, it was the surgeon and anesthesist alone. Only 41 % knew the interdisciplinary statement on pain therapy of the Professional Societies of German Surgeons and Anaesthesists from 1992. Although the importance of postoperative pain is globally acknowledged, only 19.1 % of all departments had a written concept for pain treatment. Pain was measured in only 11 % of the clinics mainly by using the visual analogue scale. Most surgeons relieve pain solely with systemic drugs. Regional analgesia was used by 18 % only. 51 % of the surgeons decide on the choice and dosage of analgesic therapy on the ward; 33 % admit that pain therapy often starts after complaints of the patient. 70 % of all surgeons never participated in a congress on pain. We conclude that postoperative pain management in most German surgical departments still lacks effectiveness, adequacy, and organizational and scientific background.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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