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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer of state-dependent control of discriminative behaviour between subcutaneously and intraventricularly administered nicotine and saline (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 32 (1973), S. 327-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nicotine ; Intraventricular ; State-Dependent Behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained to choose between the side compartments of a three-chambered shock-escape apparatus according to whether they were injected with nicotine or saline. Half of the rats learned to discriminate between 0.4 mg/kg nicotine and saline administered subcutaneously, whereas the other half learned to differentiate between 644 ng nicotine or saline administered intraventricularly. The rats trained by the subcutaneous route of administration had the ability to discriminate between nicotine and saline given intraventricularly and the rats trained by the intraventricular route could differentiate when the two substances were injected subcutaneously. This transfer of state-dependent control of discriminative behaviour between subcutaneously and intraventricularly administered nicotine and saline is presented as evidence for the central origin of the nicotine-produced interoceptive cue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429468
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paradoxical absence of aggression during naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal (1975)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 43 (1975), S. 43-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Aggression ; Morphine ; Naloxone ; Apomorphine ; Amphetamine ; Narcotic Withdrawal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aggression, which is normally seen during withdrawal from narcotics, could not be produced in morphine-dependent rats by the administration of naloxone at doses which cause other signs of withdrawal. Apomorphine injected instead of naloxone was capable of producing aggression, without other withdrawal signs. Naturally occurring aggression (72-hr withdrawal) was enhanced by apomorphine and unaffected by naloxone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00437613
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopaminergic mediation of the interoceptive cue produced by d-amphetamine in rats (1975)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 42 (1975), S. 185-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Dopamine ; Haloperidol ; State-Dependent Behavior ; Apomorphine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract After rats were trained to differentiate between the effects of d-amphetamine and saline in a state-dependent task, pretreatment with the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, α-methyl-p-tyrosine, significantly decreased amphetamine discrimination. Pretreatment with the dopamine-Β-hydroxylase inhibitor, disulfiram, or with the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, p-chloro-phenylalanine, was observed to have no effect on the rats' ability to discriminate d-amphetamine. Administration of haloperidol, a selective dopamine receptor blocker, completely abolished the amphetamine discrimination, whereas α- and Β-adrenergic receptor blockade had no effect. Apomorphine, a dopamine receptor stimulant, produced amphetamine-like responses and this was, likewise, abolished by pretreatment with haloperidol. These data suggest that dopaminergic systems mediate the interoceptive cue produced by d-amphetamine in rats, and these results are discussed in relation to possible dopamine mediation of amphetamine psychosis and paranoid schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429551
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotine as a discriminative cue in rats: Inability of related drugs to produce a nicotine-like cueing effect (1972)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 27 (1972), S. 379-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Nicotine ; State-Dependent Behavior ; Lobeline ; Amphetamine ; Arecoline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained to enter one arm of a T-maze after the subcutaneous administration of 0.4 mg/kg and to enter the opposite arm following the injection of an equal volume of saline. Administration of 0.4 mg/kg nicotine isomethonium iodide hydroiodide, 0.4–10.0 mg/kg lobeline sulfate, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine sulfate and 0.25–2.0 mg/kg arecoline hydrobromide produced responses which resembled the established saline effect. Pretreatment with 10.0 mg/kg lobeline had no significant effect on the nicotine-cued response. The inability of these structurally and/or functionally similar drugs to produce a nicotine-like discriminative effect is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429392
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of apomorphine and nigrostriatal lesions on aggression and striatal dopamine turnover during morphine withdrawal: Evidence for dopaminergic supersensitivity in protracted abstinence (1974)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 34 (1974), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Aggression ; Morphine Addiction ; Apomorphine ; Dopamine Receptors ; Receptor Supersensitivity ; Narcotic Abstinence ; Nigrostriatal Lesion ; Medial Forebrain Bundle Lesion ; Protracted Abstinence ; Dopamine Turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Reliable aggression was seen in rats which were grouped 30 days after undergoing continuous withdrawal from morphine. This withdrawal aggression, associated with long-lasting effects of morphine dependence, was blocked by morphine or lesions of the nigrostriatal bundle, but not by lesions of the median forebrain bundle. When the nigrostriatal lesioned rats were treated with a small dose of apomorphine, the aggression was reinstated. Apomorphine reduced the turnover of dopamine in the 30-day withdrawn rats at doses which were ineffective in similarly housed non-dependent rats. These results suggest that animals undergoing protracted morphine abstinence show aggression due to a latent dopaminergic supersensitivity, similar to that previously reported during acute narcotic withdrawal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421218
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotine as a discriminative stimulus in rats depleted of norepinephrine or 5-hydroxytryptamine (1972)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 24 (1972), S. 417-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: State-Dependent Learning ; Nicotine ; 5-Hydroxytryptamine ; Norepinephrine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained to make a specific behavioral response in a T-maze apparatus conditional upon whether they were injected with 0.4 mg/kg nicotine or saline. Depletion of brain levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine by orally administered para-chlorophenylalanine had no significant effect on the rats' ability to discriminate nicotine. However, both insoluble alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and its ester, at intraperitoneal doses of 90 and 135 mg/kg, respectively, significantly decreased discrimination of nicotine at 180 and 270 min post-administration. At these doses and times, saline discrimination was not altered. The experimental evidence indicates that nicotine's CNS cueing effect is mediated by norepinephrine, and this is discussed in light of the Burn and Rand hypothesis. It is proposed that, nicotine may act on a specific nicotine-sensitive cholinergic receptor in the CNS, which causes release of norepinephrine which, in turn, produces the interoceptive cueing effect that enables the rats to make the appropriate behavioral response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402536
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ability of 3-carboxysalsolinol to produce ethanol-like discrimination in rats (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 68 (1980), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Drug discrimination ; Ethanol ; Apomorphine ; Salsolinol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible generalization to 3-carboxysalsolinol (3C-SAL) in a group of rats trained to discriminate a low dose of ethanol (200 mg/kg IP) from the nondrug condition and in another group trained to discriminate 0.16 mg/kg IP apomorphine (AP) from the nondrug condition using a drug discrimination paradigm. In test sessions, ED50 for ethanol was 52.0 mg/kg and ED50 for AP was 0.01 mg/kg. In the ethanol-trained rats, 1.8 mg/kg 3C-SAL produced drug responses. In the AP-trained rats, 200 mg/kg ethanol produced drug responses whereas 1.8 mg/kg 3C-SAL produced only a partial drug response. The results are in harmony with the hypothesis that salsolinol in the central nervous system of the rat may be responsible for the discriminability of ethanol. The possible involvement of dopaminergic systems is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428115
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