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  • Immobilization  (2)
  • Qualitative and quantitative ultrastructure  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Microbial N ; Immobilization ; Remobilization ; NH4+ fixation ; Exchangeable NH4+
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In 1991, field experiments on loess (with winter wheat) and sandy soils (with summer barley) were conducted to study N dynamics in the microbial biomass and non-exchangeable NH4 +. The measurements showed a mass change in microbial N, with a maximum increase of 100 kg N ha–1 30 cm–1 from March to July in the loess soil, and a change for only 1 month (May) in the sandy soil. Plots treated with conventional levels of N fertilizer (213 kg N ha–1 on a loess soil to winter wheat and 130 kg ha–1 on the sandy soil to summer barley), reduced levels of N (83% and 62% of the conventional N application), or no N showed no consistent fertilizer N effect on microbial biomass N. From March to July, non-exchangeable NH4 + in loess soils under winter wheat decreased by 110 kg N ha–1 30 cm–1 in conventionally fertilized plots and by 200 kg N ha–1 30 cm–1 in a plot with no N fertilizer. After harvest, the pool of non-exchangeable NH4 + increased due to increasing mineral N concentrations in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: AV nodal cells ; Working myocardium ; Cardiac arrest and global ischaemia ; HTK cardioplegia ; Qualitative and quantitative ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cardiac conduction system is considered to be particularly resistant to ischaemia. Nevertheless, following open heart surgery with short periods of ischaemia disturbances in AV conduction or ventricular arrhythmia have been reported. We compared the ultrastructure of AV node and working myocardium following 30 min global ischaemia at 25° C, during pure ischaemia and with HTK cardioplegia qualitatively and morphometrically. After 30 min of pure ischaemia, interstitial and intracellular oedema together with considerable changes in organelles in AV nodes predominate over mainly cellular oedema in working myocardium. Sometimes irregular overcontractions of sarcomeres occur in the AV node, though very seldom in working myocardium. In pure ischaemia, mitochondrial swelling is comparable in both types of tissue. Following HTK cardioplegia and 30 min ischaemia, cellular oedema and mitochondrial swelling are significantly reduced in AV nodal cells and working myocardium, but remain more extensive in the AV nodes. Irregularities in the contractile state of sarcomeres are not observed. The extent of the ultrastructural alterations corresponds to the degree of metabolic change in the working myocardium. Thus, despite considerable differences during pure ischaemia and HTK cardioplegia, ultrastructurally the AV nodal cells do not display a greater resistance to ischaemia than working myocardium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Purkinje fibres ; Ischaemia tolerance ; Qualitative and quantitative ultrastructure ; Cardioplegia ; Arrhythmias
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During open heart surgery, reperfusion-induced arrhythmias arising after short periods of ischaemia may originate from subendocardial Purkinje fibres. We investigated the ultrastructure of these fibres during 30 min of global ischaemia at 25° C. The effects both with myocardial protection (HTK cardioplegia) and without it (pure ischaemia) were compared qualitatively and morphometrically. After 30 min pure ischaemia overcontraction of sarcomeres, hypercontraction and contraction bands, together with considerable changes in organelles, predominate over cellular oedema. In Purkinje fibres, both cellular and mitochondrial swelling were significantly increased within this 30-min time period from the onset of pure ischaemia. In contrast, following HTK cardioplegia and 30 min ischaemia, cellular and mitochondrial swelling remain moderate and over-contractions are almost entirely lacking. This means that despite remarkable differences between pure ischaemia and HTK cardioplegia in the degree of protection attained it is clear that, compared with the working myocardium, subendocardial Purkinje fibres do not display a higher resistance to early global ischaemia. Further investigations of this sensitivity of Purkinje fibres to global ischaemia and certain drugs may bring about new insights into myocardial protection and pharmacotherapy of arrhythmias.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Microbial N ; Immobilization ; Remobilization ; NH inf4 sup+ fixation ; Exchangeable NH inf4 sup+
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In 1991, field experiments on loess (with winter wheat) and sandy soils (with summer barley) were conducted to study N dynamics in the microbial biomass and non-exchangeable NH inf4 sup+ . The measurements showed a mass change in microbial N, with a maximum increase of 100 kg N ha-1 30 cm-1 from March to July in the loess soil, and a change for only 1 month (May) in the sandy soil. Plots treated with conventional levels of N fertilizer (213 kg N ha-1 on a loess soil to winter wheat and 130 kg ha-1 on the sandy soil to summer barley), reduced levels of N (83% and 62% of the conventional N application), or no N showed no consistent fertilizer N effect on microbial biomass N. From March to July, non-exchangeable NH inf4 sup+ in loess soils under winter wheat decreased by 110 kg N ha-1 30 cm-1 in conventionally fertilized plots and by 200 kg N ha-1 30 cm-1 in a plot with no N fertilizer. After harvest, the pool of non-exchangeable NH inf4 sup+ increased due to increasing mineral N concentrations in the soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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