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  • 1990-1994  (6)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (3)
  • Salt tolerance  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The presence of the enhanced K/Na discrimination trait in diploid Triticum species (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 82 (1991), S. 729 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum ; K/Na discrimination ; Salt tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A number of accessions of the three species of diploid wheat, Triticum boeoticum, T. monococcum, and T. urartu, were grown in 50 mol m-3 NaCl+2.5 mol m-3 CaCl2. Sodium accumulation in the leaves was low and potassium concentrations remained high. This was not the case in T. durum grown under the same conditions, and indicates the presence in diploid wheats of the enhanced K/Na discrimination character which has previously been found in Aegilops squarrosa and hexaploid wheat. None of the accessions of diploid wheat showed poor K/Na discrimination, which suggests that if the A genome of modern tetraploid wheats was derived from a diploid Triticum species, then the enhanced K/Na discrimination character became altered after the formation of the original allopolyploid. Another possibility is that a diploid wheat that did not have the enhanced K/Na discrimination character was involved in the hybridization event which produced tetraploid wheat, and that this diploid is now extinct or has not yet been discovered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227318
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of salt tolerance during germination in Lycopersicon (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 81 (1991), S. 321-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; Salt tolerance ; Seed germination ; Maternal effects ; Tomato improvement ; Gene action
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The salt-tolerant cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) accession, ‘PI174263’, and a sensitive cv, ‘UCT5’, were crossed to develop reciprocal F1, F2 and BC1 populations for genetic analysis of salt tolerance in tomatoes during seed germination. Variation was partitioned into embryo, endosperm and maternal (testa and cytoplasmic) components. Generation means analysis indicated that there were no significant embryo (additive, dominance or epistatic) effects on germination performance under salt stress. Highly significant endosperm additive and testa dominance effects were detected. The proportion of the total variance explained by the model containing these two components was R2=98.2%. Variance component analysis indicated a large genetic variance with additive gene action as the predominant component. Furhter inspection indicated that this variance was attributable to endosperm additive effects on germinability under salt stress. Narrow-sense heritability was estimated as moderately high. Implications for breeding procedures are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228671
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping salt-tolerance genes in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) using trait-based marker analysis (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1993), S. 184-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Tomato ; Salt tolerance ; Seed germination ; Isozyme markers ; QTL mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The germination responsiveness of an F2 population derived from the cross Lycopersicon esculentum (UCT5) x L. pennellii (LA716) was evaluated for salt tolerance at two stress levels, 150 mM NaCl + 15 mM CaCl2 and 200 mM NaCl + 20 mM CaCl2. Individuals were selected at both tails of the response distribution. The salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive individuals were genotyped at 16 isozyme loci located on 9 of the 12 tomato chromosomes. In addition, an unselected (control) F2 population was genotyped at the same marker loci, and gene frequencies were estimated in both selected and unselected populations. Trait-based marker analysis was effective in identifying genomic locations (quantitative trait loci, QTLs) affecting salt tolerance in the tomato. Three genomic locations marked by Est-3 on chromosome 1, Prx-7 on chromosome 3, and 6Pgdh-2 and Pgi-1 on chromosome 12 showed significant positive effects, while 2 locations associated with Got-2 on chromosome 7 and Aps-2 on chromosome 8 showed significant negative effects. The identification of genomic locations with both positive and negative effects on this trait suggests the likelihood of recovering transgressive segregants in progeny derived from these parental lines. Similar genomic locations were identified when selection was made either for salt tolerance or salt sensitivity and at both salt-stress treatments. Comparable results were obtained in uni- and bidirectional selection experiments. However, when marker allele gene frequencies in a control population are unknown, bidirectional selection may be more efficient than unidirectional selection in identifying marker-QTL associations. Results from this study are discussed in relationship to the use of molecular markers in developing salt-tolerant tomatoes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223763
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigens on rat spermatozoa with a potential role in fertilization (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 25 (1990), S. 286-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibodies ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Eight monoclonal antibodies (McAbs), directed against antigens on rat cauda epididymal spermatozoa, were tested for their capacity to interfere with fertilization in vitro as a means of identifying molecules a potential role in sperm-egg recognition and fusion. Antigens recognized by the McAbs were visualized on live spermatozoa by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and characterized by immunoblotting. Five McAbs (designated 1B5, 2C4, 4B5, 5B1, and 8C4) recognized antigens specifically on the sperm acrosome and three (designated 2B1, 2D6, and 6B2) bound to the flagellum. Of the eight McAbs investigated, three (2B1, 2C4, and 6B2) were effective in blocking fertilization in vitro when added as culture supernalants to mixtures of sperm and eggs. McAb 6B2 was inhibitory due to its ability to agglutinate spermatozoa. McAbs 2B1 and 2C4 did not agglutinate capacitated spermatozoa, had no observable effect on motility, and yet blocked fertilization in a dose-dependent manner. McAb 2C4 did not give a reaction on immunoblots, but the 2B1 antigen was identified as an Mr 40 kD glycoprotein. McAb 2B1 appeared to block fertilization at the level of zona binding, whereas the effects of 2C4 were directed more against zone penetration and/or fusion with the vitellus. When sperm-egg complexes were stained with 2C4 or 2B1 McAbs and viewed by IIF, all spermatozoa that were attached to the zona showed fluorescence on the head. These results suggest that different antigens on the rat sperm head participate in different aspects of the fertilization process and that during capacitation there is either exposure of these antigens or else they migrate to their site of action from the flagellum.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080250311
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular signal transduction mechanisms of rat epididymal spermatozoa and their relationship to motility and metabolism (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 38 (1994), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Cauda epididymidis ; Sperm activation ; Calcium ions ; Guanylate cyclase ; Adenylate cyclase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The role of intracellular signal transduction mechanisms in regulating the motility and metabolism of rat spermatozoa in undiluted caudal epididymal fluid (CEF) was examined. Samples of CEF containing immotile spermatozoa were exposed to drugs and other agents that either stimulate signal transduction pathways or mimic the action of their second messengers. Under these conditions, sperm motility in 25-30 nl of CEF was stimulated by calcium ions (Ca2+), N,2′ -O-dibutyryl-guanosine 3′:5′ -cyclic monophosphate (dibutryl cGMP), cyclic adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate (cAMP), N6,2′-O-dibutyryladenosine 3′:5′ -cyclic monophosphate (dibutyryl cAMP), 8-bromoadenosine 3′:5′ -cyclic monophosphate (8-bromo cAMP), caffeine, theophylline and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). Other agents such as magnesium ions (Mg2+), veratridine, phospholipase C (PLC), ionophore A23187, 1,2-dioctenoyl-sn-glycerol (DAG), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), arachidonic acid, and melittin did not significantly influence motility. In the presence of radiolabelled energy substrates, untreated (immotile) spermatozoa in samples of CEF utilised D-[U-14C]glucose and [1-14C]acetate as exogenous energy sources for oxidative metabolism. No detectable 14C-lactate was produced, and none of the drugs altered the rate of glycolytic or oxidative metabolism. The findings suggest that the motility of rat caudal epididymal spermatozoa is regulated by Ca2+ and the guanylate cyclase and adenylate cyclase pathways, but not through the PLC and PLA2 pathways. Also, their metabolism of exogenous substrate was uncoupled from the induction of motility, and their oxidative capacity exceeded the rate of flux of glucose-carbon through the glycolytic pathway. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080380113
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of low Mr Zona Pellucida binding proteins from boar spermatozoa and seminal plasma (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 33 (1992), S. 108-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Zona binding proteins ; Seminal plasma ; Fertilization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A group of low Mr (16 kDa - 23 kDa) glycoproteins on ejaculated boar spermatozoa have been shown to have high affinity for homologous zona pellucida glycoproteins (ZPGPs). These ZPGP binding proteins are derived from seminal plasma as shown by their absence from epididymal spermatozoa and their presence in seminal plasma as identified by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. They bind to ZPGPs by a polysulphate recognition mechanism similar to that found for proacrosin-ZPGP interactions. The haemagglutination activity of boar seminal plasma is also associated with these low Mr glycoproteins. It is suggested that they play a role in regulating the rate of sperm capacitation and survival in the female reproductive tract. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080330115
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