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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The characterization of the metabolites of ranolazine in man by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 9 (1995), S. 1418-1430 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The metabolism of ranolazine (RS-43285) or (+)N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-propyl]-1-piperazine acetamide dihydrochloride was investigated in man using plasma samples obtained from four different clinical studies. The metabolite profiles following single and multiple doses of 342 mg instant release (IR) ranolazine, following multiple doses of 1000 mg sustained release (SR) ranolazine and following dosing with both ranolazine (IR) and a potentially co-administered drug, diltiazem, were compared. Metabolism of ranolazine in man was shown by LC/MS analysis to be extensive with up to seven primary routes of metabolism identified. N-dealkylation by hydrolysis at the piperazine ring produced three metabolites whilst O-demethylation and O-dearylation at the methoxyphenoxy moiety produced a further two compounds. Additionally, hydrolysis of the amide group formed one other species. Oxygenation at various points in the molecule produced a further four metabolites. Direct conjugation of ranolazine with glucuronic acid and with an uncharacterized adduct were also identified as a route of elimination. Ten other biotransformation products were formed as a result of multiple metabolic steps. Conjugation was also associated with the desmethyl metabolite (glucuronide and unidentified conjugates) of hydroxylated ranolazine. In a previous publication (Journal of Chromatography, 1995, accepted for publication) semi-quantitative analyses of pooled plasma from the study where ranolazine was dosed at 1000 mg twice daily showed that of the twelve metabolites studied only four accounted for AUC's in excess of 10% of the ranolazine AUC.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290091419
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for the presence of disulfide bridges in opioid receptors essential for ligand binding. Possible role in receptor activation (1989)
    Chicester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Molecular Recognition 2 (1989), S. 44-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0952-3499
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The mobility of purified μ opioid binding protein in SDS-polyacrylamide gek electrophoresis is sensitive to the presence of reducing agents. In the presence of increasing concentrations of DTT the apparent molecular weight increases in a stepwise fashion from 53 kDa to 65 kDa. This reduction in mobility is attributed to the successive breakage of disulfide bridges, resulting in an increasingly asymmetric molecule. Treatment of cell membranes from various brain areas with reducing agents, such as DTT, produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of opioid binding. Sensitivity to DTT inhibition varied between receptor types, μ 〉 δ ≫ κ. For μ receptors, agonist binding was considerably more sensitive to DTT than antagonist binding. Inhibition by DTT is readily reversible and is unaffected by Na+ and/or Mg2+ ions. Reversibility may be partially prevented by the inclusion of a low concentration of a reducing reagent such as glutathione which does not inhibit binding but blocks reformation of disulfide bonds. Scatchard analysis of saturation data shows that DTT causes a pronounced decrease in binding affinity with little effect on receptor number. It is suggested that disulfide bonds are essential for ligand binding and that cleavage of one or more of these bonds may play a role in opioid receptor activation by agonists.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmr.300020107
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer-Impregnated mortars I. Effect of polymer state on mechanical behavior (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 325-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mortar specimens were impregnated with methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, styrene, and crosslinking agents in various combinations. After polymerization of the monomers in situ, studies of mechanical properties such as Young's modulus and compressive strength were made. In one experiment, various ccpolymers of methyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate were prepared and tested as a function of temperature. Excellent reinforcement was obtained with any combination of monomers as long as the resulting polymer was at a temperature below its glass transition temperature. This suggests that the modulus of the reinforcing polymer is crucial, glassy behavior being required. The addition of crosslinking agents such as TMPTMA increased the high temperature strength, however.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170511
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enthalpy change on vaporization of aqueous and methanolic formaldehyde solutions (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1693-1702 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A physicochemical model for vapor-liquid equilibrium in multicomponent formaldehyde-containing mixtures (Maurer, 1986; Hasse et al., 1990; Hasse and Maurer, 1991a). is extended to describe enthalpy changes upon vaporization. Predicted enthalpy changes are compared with new experimental results. The measurements were carried out with a thin-film evaporator flow-calorimeter (Liu and Maurer, 1991). More than 80 experimental data points for mixtures of formaldehyde + water and formaldehyde + methanol + (small amounts of water) are reported. The data cover the temperature range from 323 to 363 K (formaldehyde + water) and 312 to 347 K (formaldehyde + methanol) at liquid phase formaldehyde mole fractions up to about 0.3 (formaldehyde + water) and 0.6 (formaldehyde + methanol). Comparisons between predicted and experimental results for the enthalpy change reveal deviations of only a few percent. Further improvements are achieved by fitting some model parameters, which originally were estimated from noncalorimetric data.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ methane enrichment in anaerobic digestion (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 73-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A major cost consideration in the use of anaerobic digestion to convert biomass and waste to utility-grade gas is the expense of separating CO2 from the product gas. Anaerobic digestion has a number of inherent properties that can be exploited to increase the methane content of the gas directly produced by the digester, the most important of which is the high solubility of CO2(40-60 times that of methane) in water under digestion conditions. The methane enrichment concept examined in this study involved the recirculation of a liquid stream from the digester through a CO2 desorption process and the return of the liquid stream back to the digester for absorption of additional CO2 produced by the conversion of organic materials. A steady-state equilibrium model predicted that a digester gas methane content exceeding 94% could be achieved with this scheme using modest recirculation rates provided a desorption process could be designed to achieve a 60+% CO2 removal efficiency in the degassing of the liquid recycle stream. Using fixed-film laboratory digesters operated on synthetic feedstocks, the technique of methane enrichment was tested under pressurized and unpressurized conditions. A 93 + 2% methane gas stream was produced from a volatile-acid-fed bench-scale digester simulating the methanogenic stage of two-phase digestion under conditions of (1) a pH swing achieved without caustic addition that allowed digestion at pH 7. 5 and air stripping at pH 6. 5-7. 0, (2) digester pressurization to 30 psig, and (3) a recycle rate of 0. 33 L/L reactor/day. Significant but lower levels of methane enrichment were achieved with the single-stage digester at the low experimental recycle rate. However, the narrow range among all experiments of CO2 desorption efficiencies achieved in air stripping the recycle stream (35-60% CO2 removal) suggests that comparable methane enrichment-may be achieved with unpressurized single-stage digestion using greater recycle rates. A materials balance analysis of data from an unpressurized, single-stage digester employing no chemical addition and using laboratory degassing efficiencies indicated that 94% methane could be produced at recycle rates of less than 1. 4 L/L reactor/day with a methane loss of less than 2%.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260350111
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observer theory for lumping analysis of monomolecular reaction systems (1973)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 19 (1973), S. 467-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new approach for the lumping analysis of reversible and/or irreversible monomolecular reaction systems (MRS) with constant or time-dependent rate coefficients in discrete and continuous mixtures is presented. The observer theory initiated by Luenberger is proposed and extended to obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions of exact and approximate lumping of such systems. Examples are given to illustrate the implications of lumping and to demonstrate the generality and promising aspects of the observer approach. It is shown that this theory is a unifying method for the lumping analysis of MRS. New insights on lumping analysis are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690190308
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the crystal size intensity function and interpreting population density data from crystallizers (1973)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 19 (1973), S. 1254-1257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690190628
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in chemical process design and synthesis: III. A Simple and practical approach to the optimal synthesis of heat exchanger networks (1977)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 77-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An algorithmic-evolutionary approach to the systematic synthesis of minimum cost networks of exchangers, heaters, and coolers is proposed. The new approach is easy to apply by hand calculations, requiring no special mathematical background and computational skill from the user. In addition to generating many cheaper networks for sample problems ranging in size from 4 to 10 streams as compared to previous studies, the proposed method provides an explicit theoretical guidance on the optimal exchange among hot and cold streams and on the optimal locations of heating and cooling utilities in the network. It also has a provision for the use of stream splitting and for generating a cyclic network. The new method is particularly effective in the synthesis of minimum cost networks for industrial crude unit preheat recovery.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690230113
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in magnetochemical engineering. Part III: Experimental applications of a practical model for high-gradient magnetic separation to pilot-scale coal beneficiation (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 780-789 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The computer implementation and experimental verification of the practical model for high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) based on particle buildup and feed characteristic, developed in Part II, are described. It is shown that the new model can be used to satisfactorily predict the grade, recovery and concentration breakthrough observed in pilot-scale experimental studies of HGMS for the removal of sulfur and ash from water slurries of several pulverized Eastern coals. The experimentally verified model can be used to quantitatively identify the tradeoff of separation variables so as to optimize the magnetic removal of sulfur and ash from pulverized coal. The model can also be used to assess the technical and economical feasibility of the magnetic beneficiation of pulverized coal without extensive experimental tests.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290511
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in chemical process design and synthesis part VII: Systematic synthesis of multipass heat exchanger networks (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 487-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310318
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