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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 24 (1974), S. 151-208 
    ISSN: 0066-4243
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 42 (1992), S. 147-175 
    ISSN: 0163-8998
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 234 (1971), S. 132-134 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Mass spectrometric measurements of plutonium isolated from Precambrian bastnasite confirm the presence of 244Pu in nature. Although the existence of 244Pu as an extinct radioactivity has been postulated to explain the xenon isotope ratios observed in meteorites, this ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The arrangement of the chemical elements in the periodic table highlights resemblances in chemical properties, which reflect the elements’ electronic structure. For the heaviest elements, however, deviations in the periodicity of chemical properties are expected: electrons in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The synthesis, via nuclear fusion reactions, of elements heavier than the actinides, allows one to probe the limits of the periodic table as a means of classifying the elements. In particular, deviations in the periodicity of chemical properties for the heaviest elements are predicted as a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The periodic table provides a classification of the chemical properties of the elements. But for the heaviest elements, the transactinides, this role of the periodic table reaches its limits because increasingly strong relativistic effects on the valence electron shells can induce deviations ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 120 (1995), S. 128-133 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Catalepsy ; Rodent model ; Antipsychotic drugs ; Extrapyramidal side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The predictive validity of catalepsy as a rodent model for detecting the extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) of antipsychotic drugs was recently questioned when the novel antipsychotic savoxepine produced little catalepsy in rodents while producing significant EPS in schizophrenic patients. Because catalepsy is viewed as an important model for predicting EPS, we decided to re-evaluate the effects of savoxepine. Savoxepine, clozapine, haloperidol, olanzapine, ORG 5222, raclopride, and risperidone were examined in two tests for catalepsy (grid and bar tests) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The ability to antagonize amphetamine-induced hypermotility was also examined, since this measure is believed to predict clinical efficacy. With the exception of clozapine, all drugs produced dose-dependent catalepsy in both tests. For each drug, the minimum effective dose for producing catalepsy was greater than or equal to the ED50 for antagonizing amphetamine-induced hyperactivity (defined as the dose producing a 50% reduction in hyperactivity). Clozapine resulted in the widest separation of effective doses in the catalepsy and activity models. Raclopride produced the next largest separation while the remaining drugs resulted in only a one-or two-fold dose separation between the two behavioral tests. The results with haloperidol and clozapine are consistent with the clinical effects of these drugs (severe versus mild EPS). The ratios of effective doses in catalepsy and activity for the remaining novel drugs are also consistent with preliminary clinical findings indicating some EPS with each of these compounds. Thus, catalepsy remains a suitable rodent model for detecting compounds with EPS liability in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Extinction ; Pimozide ; SCH 23390 ; Metoclopramide ; Reward ; Dopamine ; D1 receptors ; D2 receptors ; Variable interval schedule ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The similarity in the pattern of responding produced by extinction and dopamine (DA) receptor blockers has led to the suggestion that DA neurons may participate in the usual effects of reward on behaviour. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of receptor-subtype specific DA antagonists on food-rewarded operant responding. Rats were trained to lever press for food on a variable interval 30-s schedule. They then received one of the following treatments prior to testing on the next 5 days: saline, nonreinforcement, the DA receptor blocker pimozide (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg), the D1 receptor blocker SCH 23390 (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mg/kg), and the D2 receptor blocker metoclopramide (1.0, 5.0, 10.0 mg/kg). Nonreinforcement resulted in both intra- and intersession declines in responding. The drugs produced dose-dependent decreases in overall responding. Additionally, both doses of pimozide and the higher doses of SCH 23390 and metoclopramide altered intrasession patterns of responding when compared to saline, with their greatest effect being in the latter portion of the session. Intersession declines were seen with the highest doses of SCH 23390 and metoclopramide and control studies showed that these declines could not be attributed to a buildup of the drug with repeated dosing. It was concluded that both D1 and D2 receptors participate in the control of behaviour by reward.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Potato research 30 (1987), S. 219-228 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: ‘A6’ test ; cultivar reaction ; aphid vectors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Von 1980 bis 1982 war im Hauptgebiet der Saatkartoffelproduktion in Südafrika eine Mosaikkrankheit an Kartoffeln verbreitet. Das Virus, das die Krankheit verursacht, wurde an Hand seiner Partikelmorphologie und der serologischen Verhältnisse als ein Stamm des Kartoffelvirus Y (PVY) identifiziert. Er wurde als PVY-81 bezeichnet. Der Wirtskreis des PVY-81 war auf Solanaceen und Chenopodiaceen beschränkt. Die durch diesen Stamm induzierten Symptome an Wirtspflanzen ähnelten denjenigen, die durch PVYO verursacht wurden mit Ausnahme der nicht induzierbaren Lokalläsionen auf den abgetrennten Blättern vonSolanum demissum×Solanum tuberosum ‘A6’. Die nekrotische Reaktion auf den inokulierten Blättern der Sorte Koos Smit wurde mit einbezogen, um den ‘A6’-Test zu ersetzen (Abb. 1). Die Reaktion einiger Kartoffelsorten (Tab. 1) auf die Infektion mit diesem Stamm unterschied sich von derjenigen auf PVYO und PVYN. Drei Sorten, King George, Pentland Dell und 890/20 waren offensichtlich resistent gegenüber der Blattlausübertragung (Tab. 2). Das Virus wurde vonMyzus persicae nicht-persistent übertragen. Die Befunde, die sich aus der Erfassung der Blattlauspopulation ergaben, wiesen darauf hin, dass die nicht auf Kartoffeln kolonisierenden Blattläuse wieAcyrthosiphon pisum, Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae undRhopalosiphum padi vermutlich hauptverantwortlich für die Ausbreitung des PVY-81 waren. Eine sehr geringe Anzahl vonM. persicae undMacrosiphum euphorbiae wurden während der gesamten Wachstumszeit in den Fallen gefangen (Tab. 3). Das Pflanzen von gesundem Saatgut und das rechtzeitige Entfernen von Volunteer-Kartoffeln aus der vorhergegangenen Saison hat zur Kontrolle der Krankheit geführt.
    Abstract: Résumé De 1980 à 1982, une mosaïque de la pomme de terre s'est répandue dans une grande région de production de plants de pommes de terre en Afrique du Sud. Le virus responsable de la maladie fut identifié comme souche du virus Y de la pomme de terre (PVY) sur la base de la morphologie de sa particule et des caractéristiques sérologiques. Il fut identifié comme PVY-81. La gamme hôte de PVY-81 était limitée aux Solanaceae et aux Chenopodiaceae. Les symptômes sur plantes-hôtes induites par cette souche sont similaires à ceux causés par PVYO sauf qu'elle n'entrîne pas de lésions locales sur feuilles détachées deSolanum demissum ×S. tuberosum ‘A6’. La réaction nécrotique sur feuilles inoculées de la variété Koos Smit fut incorporée en complément du test A6 (figure 1). La réaction de certaines variétés (tableau 1) à l'infection par cette souche diffère de celle provoquée par PVYO et PVYN. Trois variétés King George, Pentland Dell et 890/20 furent apparamment résistante à la transmission du virus (tableau 2). Le virus fut transmis de façon non persistante parMyzus persicae. Les résultats obtenus par comptage des populations aphidiennes montrent que les espèces qui ne colonnisent pas les pommes de terre telles queAcyrthosiphon pisum, Rhopalosiphoninus staphyleae etRhopalosiphum padi sont parmi les plus responsables de la dissémination de PVY-81. Un faible nombre deM. persicae etMacrosiphum euphorbiae a été capturé pendant la période de croissance (tableau 3). La plantation de plants sains et l'enlèvement au bon moment des repousses de la période précédente ont conduit à maitriser la maladie.
    Notes: Summary From 1980 to 1982 a mosaic disease of potatoes was prevalent in a major seed potato production area in South Africa. The virus causing the disease was serologically identified as a strain of potato virus Y (PVY). Its host range and symptoms were similar to those of PVYo and it was designated PVY-81. PVY-81 failed to induce necrotic lesions on leaves ofSolanum demissum×S. tuberosum ‘A6’, but it did so on the potato cultivars BP-1, Buffelspoort and Koos Smit. PVY-81 was non-persistently transmitted byMyzus persicae. Monitoring of aphid migrations showed that aphid species that do not naturally colonize potatoes could have caused the primary spread of the virus into potato fields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 89 (1992), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Clozapine ; MK-801 ; eticlopride ; haloperidol ; NMDA receptors ; stereotypy ; locomotion ; dopamine ; glutamate ; D 2 receptors ; schizophrenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of typical and atypical neuroleptics on MK-801-induced locomotor activity and stereotyped sniffing were tested. Pretreatment with the typical neuroleptic haloperidol (0.01,0.05, 0.1,0.5 mg/kg SC) and the dopamine D 2 receptor selective antagonist eticlopride (0.005, 0.01, 0.05 mg/kg SC) each resulted in significant and dose-dependent reductions of locomotor activity and sniffing. The atypical neuroleptic clozapine (1.0, 5.0, 10.0 mg/kg SC) was some-what unique in that all doses reduced locomotor activity, but only the highest dose (10.0 mg/kg) significantly reduced sniffing. The data support a functional interaction between glutamate and dopamine systems, and suggest that the behavioral activation associated with MK-801 may represent a valid model for detecting potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of schizophrenia. The data should be viewed as preliminary, however, until neuroleptics are characterized in other glutamate-based models that minimize or exclude the possible influence of nonspecific motor effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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