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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 159 (1973), S. 266-275 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Schlagwort(e): Kidney-transplantation ; Xenotransplantation ; Closely related species ; Delayed hyperacute rejection ; Nierentransplantation ; Xenotransplantation ; Nah verwandtes System ; Verzögert hyperakute Abstoßung
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Um das Verhalten vascularisierter Xenotransplantate zwischen Tieren enger zoologischer Verwandtschaft zu untersuchen, wurden Katzennieren „en bloc“ auf Hunde transplantiert. In diesem System zeigte sich, mit einer Funktionsdauer von 15–24 Std, der Typ einer verzögert hyperakuten Abstoßung. Der Abfall des Komplements im peripheren Blut und das Auftreten von Katzenprotein im Urin schon während der ersten Stunden deutet auf einen früheren Beginn dieser Reaktion hin, während die endgültige Zerstörung des Transplantates durch unspezifische, jedoch von der Antigen-Antikörper-Reaktion gestartete Mechanismen bedingt zu sein scheint. Den Empfängern dieser Ersttransplantate wurden 3 Wochen später mit einer Ex vivo-Hämoperfusion eine zweite Katzenniere angeschlossen. Innerhalb von 15–20 min waren diese Nieren unter dem Bild einer typischen hyperakuten Abstoßung zerstört.
    Notizen: Summary To study the survival time of kidney-transplants in closely related species cat kidneys were transplanted to the iliac vessels of mongrel dogs by an “en bloc” method. A type of delayed hyperacute rejection was observed. The function time of the transplant kidneys ranged from 15 to 24 hrs. The decrease of complement activity and the appearance of cat-tissue protein in serum and urine samples show that the rejection began at an early stage. Since the antigen-antibody reaction seems to be finished after 6 hrs, indicated by an increase of complementactivity, the final loss of function may be effected by an unspecific reaction. Recipients survived after removal of the transplant and got a second kidney graft 3 weeks after the first set. These kidneys were rejected within 15–20 min with the sign of typical hyperacute rejection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 157 (1972), S. 257-259 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Infection 4 (1976), S. 42-48 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary The resistance of 2,314 bacterial strains from 1968 to 1972 was investigated drawing on case histories from the Munich University Urological Clinic. Using the disc-diffusion method 12,160 sensitivity tests were conducted with these strains against gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, ampicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. The material was compiled from 35,000 individual data by means of modern electronic data processing and evaluated according to variable criteria. As expected the incidence of resistance in hospital-acquired pathogens was considerably higher than that in community-acquired pathogens; however, the resistance pattern of hospital-acquired pathogens remained essentially unchanged from 1968 to 1972, whereas a significant increase of resistance in community-acquired infections was recorded. It can thus be concluded that the methods used in this clinic for combatting hospital infection and a more critical attitude towards antibacterial therapy have had positive results. An express warning is issued against unspecific antibacterial therapy which is often administered outside the clinic on the pretext of long-term therapy. In the light of the resistance situation of urinary tract pathogens, antibiotics should be used sparingly, keeping in mind the acidification of urine and the wash-out principle by means of high fluid intake.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Anhand der Krankenblätter der Jahre 1968 bis 1972 der Urologischen Klinik der Universität München wurde die Resistenzsituation von 2314 Bakterienstämmen untersucht. Diese Stämme wurden 12 160 Empfindlichkeitstestungen unter Verwendung des Blättchentests gegen Gentamicin, Cotrimoxazol, Ampicillin, Tetracyclin und Chloramphenicol unterzogen. Das Material von ca. 35 000 Einzeldaten wurde mit moderner elektronischer Datenverarbeitung erfaßt und nach variablen Gesichtspunkten ausgewertet. Die Resistenzlage der Hospitalkeime war erwartungsgemäß wesentlich höher als die der extern erworbenen Keime, wobei jedoch das Resistenzmuster der Hospitalkeime in den Jahren 1968 bis 1972 im wesentlichen unverändert blieb, während bei Spontaninfektionen eine signifikante Resistenzzunahme zu verzeichnen war. Daraus folgt, daß unsere Maßnahmen in der Klinik zur Hospitalismusbekämpfung und eine kritischere Einstellung zur antibakteriellen Therapie sich positiv auswirkten. Vor einer ungezielten antibakteriellen Therapie, die oft unter dem Vorwand einer Langzeittherapie außerhalb der Klinik läuft, muß nachhaltig gewarnt werden. Bei der heutigen Resistenzsituation der Keime des Urogenitaltraktes sollte man sich zur Einsparung von Antibiotika auch wieder der Urinansäuerung und des wash out-Prinzips durch reichliche Flüssigkeitszufuhr erinnern.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    World journal of urology 3 (1985), S. 53-57 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In recent years, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) has proved a safe and easily reproducible method for the treatment of calculi in the upper urinary tract above the iliac crest. Current indications for ESWL as single therapy encompass approximately 60%–70% of all stones. The use of endourological methods as auxiliary procedures can enhance the range of indications to 95% of all renal stones and 85% of all ureteral stones. In the last year, 1340 patients have been successfully treated for urinary calculi at our department. Evaluation of all stone cases shows that ESWL alone, ESWL combined with percutaneous techniques, or percutaneous techniques alone were performed on 93% of all patients. Only 7% of patients had to undergo open surgical treatment, 1% for renal stones and 15% for ureteral stones. Ureteral stones are still among the problem stones for ESWL, in many cases requiring time-consuming combined procedures with either of the percutaneous methods. Furthermore, ureteral obstruction caused by stone particles as a complication after ESWL-treatment of large renal stones has to be relieved using percutaneous techniques. In this report we describe our approach in detail and discuss our results.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Operative management of renal calculi has changed radically in the past decade. New imaging techniques for intraoperative stone localization, the use of cooling techniques and drugs to protect renal function, and new operative techniques have even made possible the removal of complete staghorn calculi in short and kidney-preserving procedures. Considerable morbidity, however, still results from conventional renal stone surgery, especially when repeated operations are necessary for recurrent stone disease. Since the introduction of new less invasive methods, such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCN) and stone extraction using an especially designed ureteroscope (URS), and above all, since the clinical application of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), policies for stone management have changed completely. A review of 1340 consecutive patients presenting with stones between October 1983 and October 1984 shows that only 7% of all patients with urinary stones — 1% of all renal stones and 15% of all ureteral stones — still required an open operation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary From January 1984 to June 1986, 151 patients with partial or complete staghorn calculi were treated at our department either by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephro-lithotomy (PCN) or a combination of both techniques. According to the stone burden, distribution of stone load, renal anatomy, radiodensity and chemical composition of the calculi, 31 patients (20%) underwent ESWL-monotherapy, 42 patients (28%) PCN-monotherapy, and 78 (52%) were treated by the combination (PCN+ESWL). The overall rate of severe complications amounted to 8%. Auxiliary measures were necessary in 35% after ESWL-monotherapy, 19% after PCN-monotherapy and 14% after the combination. Follow-up data with a mean observation time of 18 months were available for 89 patients: the stone-free rate for ESWL, PCN and the combination was 50%, 77%, and 60%, respectively. Recurrent stone formation occurred in 4% after PCN and in 6% after the combination. The incidence of urinary tract infection was significantly lower than before treatment (21% vs 36%).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    World journal of urology 8 (1990), S. 178-178 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    World journal of urology 11 (1993), S. 2-6 
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Based on optimal efficacy regarding disintegration and stone clearance, combined with minimal invasiveness, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) represents the first choice therapy for urolithiasis. Further developments in ESWL have related more to economic aspects than to improvement of disintegration efficacy or reduction of side effects. Routine indications for ESWL are well known and widely accepted. Its limitations are also well established: silent calyceal stones, calyceal diverticula stones, nephrolithiasis in horse-shoe kidneys, medullary sponge kidney, and residual fragments after ESWL. Although endourology provides new, less invasive and traumatic means of stone retrieval or disintegration, including laser lithotripsy, small ureteroscopes and actively deflectable uretero- and pyeloscopes, indications for an aggressive approach in such cases are limited to those who are symptomatic. In the case of distal ureteral calculi ureteroscopy in traureteral laser-induced shockwave lithotripsy open up new and interesting possibilities for the future.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Schlagwort(e): Hypothermia ; Ischaemia ; Renal blood flow ; Xenon wash out technique ; Sequential renal scanning
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In 11 mongrel dogs both kidneys have been subjected to a 2 h ischaemic period. One kidney was cooled by perfusing the renal artery at 4°C while the contralateral normothermic kidney was clamped for 2 h. Studying the renal blood flow using the Xenon wash out technique, sequential renal scanning and angiography, marked differences between hypo- and normothermic ischaemia kidneys were observed. One or two hours following hypothermic perfusion a marked decrease of blood flow in the first compartment and vasoconstriction was evident, while within this period following normothermic ischaemia an enhanced renal blood flow was observed. After 24 h renal blood flow and renal function tested by 131I-Hippuran clearance returned to normal values. Angiographic studies corresponded to the preoperative findings. In contrast, normothermic ischaemia kidneys showed a decreased renal blood flow, impairment of kidney function in isotope studies and pathological angiographic changes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Urological research 6 (1978), S. 111-111 
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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