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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: {\def\N{{\cal N}} \def\R{\hbox{\rm I\kern-2pt R}} \def\MN{{\rm I\kern-2pt N}} In this paper we study the following problem, which we call the weighted routing problem. Let be given a graph $G=(V,E)$ with non-negative edge weights $w_e\in\R_+$ and integer edge capacities $c_e\in\MN$ and let $\N=\{T_1,\ldots,T_N\}$, $N\ge 1$, be a list of node sets. The weighted routing problem consists in finding edge sets $S_1,\ldots,S_N$ such that, for each $k\in\{1,\ldots,N\}$, the subgraph $(V(S_k),S_k)$ contains an $[s,t]$-path for all $s,t\in T_k$, at most $c_e$ of these edge sets use edge $e$ for each $e\in E$, and such that the sum of the weights of the edge sets is minimal. Our motivation for studying this problem arises from the routing problem in VLSI-design, where given sets of points have to be connected by wires. We consider the weighted routing problem from a polyhedral point of view. We define an appropriate polyhedron and try to (partially) describe this polyhedron by means of inequalities. We briefly sketch our separation algorithms for some of the presented classes of inequalities. Based on these separation routines we have implemented a branch and cut algorithm. Our algorithm is applicable to an important subclass of routing problems arising in VLSI-design, namely to problems where the underlying graph is a grid graph and the list of node sets is located on the outer face of the grid. We report on our computational experience with this class of problem instances.}
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In this paper we continue the investigations in [GMW92a] for the \def\sbppo{Steiner tree packing polyhedron} \sbppo. We present several new classes of valid inequalities and give sufficient (and necessary) conditions for these inequalities to be facet-defining. It is intended to incorporate these inequalities into an existing cutting plane algorithm that is applicable to practical problems arising in the design of electronic circuits.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2021-03-16
    Description: We investigate the problem of partitioning the nodes of a graph under capacity restriction on the sum of the node weights in each subset of the partition. The objective is to minimize the sum of the costs of the edges between the subsets of the partition. This problem has a variety of applications, for instance in the design of electronic circuits and devices. We present alternative integer programming formulations for this problem and discuss the links between these formulations. Having chosen to work in the space of edges of the multicut, we investigate the convex hull of incidence vectors of feasible multicuts. In particular, several classes of inequalities are introduced, and their strength and robustness are analyzed as various problem parameters change.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2021-03-16
    Description: In this paper we consider the problem of $k$-partitioning the nodes of a graph with capacity restrictions on the sum of the node weights in each subset of the partition, and the objective of minimizing the sum of the costs of the edges between the subsets of the partition. Based on a study of valid inequalities, we present a variety of separation heuristics for so-called cycle, cycle with ears, knapsack tree and path-block-cycle inequalities. The separation heuristics, plus primal heuristics, have been implemented in a branch-and-cut routine using a formulation including the edges with nonzero costs and node variables. Results are presented for three classes of problems: equipartitioning problems arising in finite element methods and partitioning problems associated with electronic circuit layout and compiler design.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: {\def\N{{\mbox{{\rm I\kern-0.22emN}}}} Let a set $N$ of items, a capacity $F \in \N$ and weights $a_i \in \N$, $i \in N$ be given. The 0/1 knapsack polytope is the convex hull of all 0/1 vectors that satisfy the inequality $$\sum_{i \in N} a_i x_i \leq F.$$ In this paper we present a linear description of the 0/1 knapsack polytope for the special case where $a_i \in \{\mu,\lambda\}$ for all items $i \in N$ and $1 \leq \mu 〈 \lambda \leq b$ are two natural numbers. The inequalities needed for this description involve elements of the Hilbert basis of a certain cone. The principle of generating inequalities based on elements of a Hilbert basis suggests further extensions.}
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: We investigate the generating sets (``Gröbner bases'') of integer lattices which correspond to the Gröbner bases of the associated binomial ideals. Extending results in Sturmfels and Thomas, preprint 1994, we obtain a geometric characterization of the universal Gröbner basis in terms of the vertices and edges of the associated corner polyhedra. We emphasize the special case where the lattice has finite index. In this case the corner polyhedra were studied by Gomory, and there is a close connection to the ``group problem in integer programming'' Schrijver, p.~363. We present exponential lower and upper bounds for the size of a reduced Gröbner basis. The initial complex of (the ideal of) a lattice is shown to be dual to the boundary of a certain simple polyhedron.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In this paper we modify Buchberger's $S$-pair reduction algorithm for computing a Gröbner basis of a toric ideal so as to apply to an integer program in inequality form with fixed right hand sides and fixed upper bounds on the variables. We formulate the algorithm in the original space and interpret the reduction steps geometrically. In fact, three variants of this algorithm are presented and we give elementary proofs for their correctness. A relationship between these (exact) algorithms, iterative improvement heuristics and the Kernighan-Lin procedure is established.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In this paper we describe a cutting plane based algorithm for the multiple knapsack problem. We use our algorithm to solve some practical problem instances arising in the layout of electronic circuits and in the design of main frame computers, and we report on our computational experience. This includes a discussion and evaluation of separation algorithms, an LP-based primal heuristic and some implementation details. The paper is based on the polyhedral theory for the multiple knapsack polytope developed in our companion paper SC 93-04 and meant to turn this theory into an algorithmic tool for the solution of practical problems.
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: {\def\N{{\mbox{{\rm I\kern-0.22emN}}}} Given a set $N$ of items and a capacity $b \in \N$, and let $N_j$ be the set of items with weight $j$, $1 \leq j \leq b$. The 0/1 knapsack polytope is the convex hull of all 0/1 vectors that satisfy the inequality $$\sum_{j=1}^b \sum_{i \in N_j} jx_i \leq b.$$ In this paper we first present a complete linear description of the 0/1 knapsack polytope for two special cases: (a) $N_j = \emptyset$ for all $1 〈 j \leq \lfloor {b \over 2} \rfloor$ and (b) $N_j = \emptyset$ for all $1 〈 j \leq \lfloor {b \over 3} \rfloor$ and $N_j = \emptyset$ for all $j \geq \lfloor {b \over 2} \rfloor + 1$. It turns out that the inequalities that are needed for the complete description of these special polytopes are derived by means of some ``reduction principle''. This principle is then generalized to yield valid and in many cases facet defining inequalities for the general 0/1 knapsack polytope. The separation problem for this class of inequalities can be solved in pseudo polynomial time via dynamic programming techniques.}
    Keywords: ddc:000
    Language: English
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2014-02-26
    Description: In this paper we describe several versions of the routing problem arising in VLSI design and indicate how the Steiner tree packing problem can be used to model these problems mathematically. We focus on switchbox routing problems and provide integer programming formulations for routing in the knock-knee and in the Manhattan model. We give a brief sketch of cutting plane algorithms that we developed and implemented for these two models. We report on computational experiments using standard test instances. Our codes are able to determine optimum solutions in most cases, and in particular, we can show that some of the instances have no feasible solution if Manhattan routing is used instead of knock-knee routing.
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    Language: English
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