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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 3025-3029 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Lower critical magnetic field strength at 0 K, Hcl (T); T=0 K, has been evaluated on single-crystal Bi2.2Sr1.8Ca(Cu1-x, Lix)2Oy with 0≤x≤0.13 from d.c. susceptibility data. Significant change is noted between lithiuim-doped and undoped crystals: the value of Hcl (0) decreases with increasing lithium content when the magnetic field is applied to the direction parallel to the ab-plane, i.e. the cleaved crystalline plane, while the value remains constant when the direction of the field is perpendicular to the ab-plane. This could be attributed to the change in penetration depth along the c-axis, i.e. λc, with lithium incorporation. Analyses of diamagnetism versus temperature data were made, which exhibited no significant change in electron-transport mechanism with the variation of lithium content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of electron-beam irradiation on the wettability of hydroxy apatites (HAP) has been investigated. The wettability was evaluated from the interfacial energy between HAP and water. It was measured by the contact angle of distilled water on HAP. Electron-beam irradiation increases the wettability. Based on the rate process, the influence of electron-beam irradiation on wettability is discussed. Using electron-beam irradiation, we can precisely control the surface condition of HAP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 276 (1998), S. 992-998 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Modification ; faujasite ; surface silanol groups ; hydroxy nests ; alkyl group introduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  Alkyl group introduction into zeolite surfaces was attempted utilizing the reactivity of surface silanol groups as lattice defects resulting from hydrothermal or acid treatment of zeolites. The reaction was carried out using organosilane and alcohols, and traced by in situ IR measurement as well as by elemental analysis. In situ IR measurement demonstrated high reactivity of terminal silanol groups. A good correlation was noted between the amount of reacted groups and the amount of terminal silanol groups, indicating high reactivity of terminal silanol groups and very low reactivity of silanol groups that form hydroxy nests. Treated zeolite exhibited high hydrophobicity, such that it floats on water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 273 (1995), S. 787-792 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Zeolite ; modification ; surfactant ; adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Adsorption characteristics of anion-, cation- and nonion-type surfactants and phenol from their aqueous solution on Na-Y zeolites modified by SiCl4 treatment and NA-ZSM-5 zeolites with several Si/Al ratios were measured. Surfactants used were sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonte (DBS), laurylpyridinium chloride (LPC), polyoxyethylenenonylphenylether (POENPE) and phenol. Adsorption of surfactants was enhanced by SiCl4 treatment of Na-Y, which indicates an important role of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic character in the adsorption. Adsorption isotherms were in general of Langmuir type and adsorbed amount depended on the Al/(Si+Al) or Si/Al ratio of zeolite frameworks. In case of DBS adsorption of Na-ZSM-5 series, adsorption occurred only on the outer surface due to steric hindrance. LPC adsorption abilities were observed on even hydrophilic zeolites and were ascribed to ion exchange effect. In case of phenol adsorption on hydrophobic Na-Y, the adsorption isotherm was of Type V according to BDDT classification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 374 (1995), S. 123-124 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - We have found that organisms of the rich, freshwater biological community involving sponges, flatworms and other benthic species near a thermal vent at the bottom of Lake Baikal are built of ancient carbon lacking 14C. The vent occurs at a depth of 420 m in Frolikha ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Key words: Surfactant protein A—Clara cell 10-kDa protein—Bronchoalveolar lavage—Smoking.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Lung surfactant protein A (SP-A) and Clara cell 10-kDa protein (CC10) are the most abundant proteins produced locally in the lower respiratory tract, as assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) analysis. However, it is not known what factors influence SP-A and CC10 levels in BAL fluids, and the relationship between SP-A and CC10 levels in BAL fluids has been unclear. We measured SP-A and CC10 concentrations in BAL fluids from 11 healthy nonsmokers and 12 healthy smokers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using specific antibodies. Mean SP-A and CC10 levels in BAL fluids of healthy smokers were significantly lower than those of healthy nonsmokers. SP-A values correlated significantly with CC10 and phospholipid values in BAL fluids. CC10 values tended to correlate with phospholipid values in BAL fluids. On BAL examinations using three 50-ml aliquots, the mean SP-A level in the second lavage was 2.0-fold and 2.4-fold, respectively, of that in the first and third lavages, and the mean CC10 level in the first lavage was 5.0-fold and 5.6-fold, respectively, of that in the second and third lavages. We conclude that BAL fluid SP-A and CC10 levels are influenced by the BAL methods and by cigarette smoking. There is a significant positive correlation between SP-A and CC10 values in BAL fluids of healthy subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Key words: Clara cell 10-kDa protein—Asthma—Urinary protein 1.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Clara cell 10-kDa protein (CC10), the predominant product from nonciliated cells in the epithelial lining of bronchioles (Clara cells), has been shown to have immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activity and may play a role in controlling airway inflammation. This study was designed to measure serum CC10 concentrations in healthy and asthmatic nonsmokers. Serum CC10 concentrations in asthmatic nonsmokers were significantly lower than in healthy nonsmokers. Asthmatic patients with a long duration of the disease (≥10 years) had significantly lower serum CC10 levels than those with a short duration of the disease (〈10 years). There was no significant difference in serum CC10 levels in asthmatic patients between the time of the asthmatic attack and the stable condition. Serum CC10 levels may reflect decreased production of CC10 caused by remodeling of the small airways in asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 14 (1995), S. 571-574 
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Crassostrea gigas ; Dictyopteris prolifera ; Marine brown alga ; Protoplast ; Single cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protoplasts were isolated from thalli of Dictyopteris prolifera using a mixture of crude enzymes from vicera of live oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and the following commercial enzymes: an abalone enzyme, cellulase, polygalacturonase and hemicellulase. The enzyme mixtures produced up to 3.3 × 107 cells per l g of tissue fresh weight. The conversion to protoplasts of the cells was about 100% using the oyster enzyme or the abalone enzyme alone. The optimum pH for protoplast isolation was 6.0 and 20 hours were required for conversion to protoplasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 273 (1995), S. 195-199 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Reversed micelle ; W/O microemulsion ; Polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The limiting amounts of solubilization of water in the concentration range 0–200 mmol kg−1 polyoxyethylene (6 and 10) nonylphenyl ethers (NP-6 and NP-10)/cyclohexane solutions were measured by the Karl-Fischer method at 25°C. Utilizing NMR, ESR, and near infrared spectroscopic techniques, the states of water in the solubilization region obtained were examined as a function of the molar ratio of water to surfactants at various surfactant concentrations. In NP-6 system, three solubilized states of water, i.e., water interacted directly with the oxyethylene moiety of surfactant, bound water next to the hydrated oxyethylene moiety, and bulk-like water were built up. However, in NP-10 system only directly interacted water was present. It was found that the directly interacted water is distributed between monomeric surfactants and reversed micelles, and others are distributed to swollen micelles and W/O microemulsions. In addition, the minimum amounts of water required to form reversed and swollen micelles were calculated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 33 (1997), S. 23-28 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The possibilities to apply personal ambient air monitoring by diffusive sampling and biological exposure monitoring by urinalysis for 2-bromopropane or its metabolites were explored. The abilities of carbon cloth to adsorb 2-bromopropane was examined by experimental vapor exposure followed by solvent extraction and FID-GC. Urine from factory workers and rats exposed to 2-bromopropane were analyzed for 2-bromopropane, acetone and isopropyl alcohol by FID-GC, and for bromide ion by ECD-GC after chemical methylation. Carbon cloth adsorbed 2-bromopropane in a manner linearly related to exposures up to 1500 mg/m3 and to 8 h. The adsorption could quantitatively detect a 15 min peak exposure at 3,000 mg/m3. In rat experiments, analyses of urine samples collected over a 4-h period after termination of a 4-h exposure to 2-bromopropane at 500, 1,000 or 1,500 mg/m3 showed that acetone and bromide ion were excreted dose-dependently. Essentially, no 2-bromopropane or isopropyl alcohol was detected. When the analytical methods were applied to urine samples from 5 male workers exposed to 2-bromopropane at a low level (3 mg/m3 as a geometric mean), acetone and bromide ion levels were within respective normal ranges in four cases, but were higher than the upper limits of the normal ranges in the fifth case of a foreman who probably had the highest exposure. Thus, diffusive sampling is applicable to monitor exposure to 2-bromopropane. Urinalysis for acetone and bromide ion in combination appears to be a promising selective tool for biological monitoring of occupational exposure to 2-bromopropane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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