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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manufacture of diffraction grating on tiny parts by means of ultraprecision milling (1999)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 5 (1999), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The study deals with the manufacture of diffraction grating by applying the ultraprecision microgrooving technology. Microgrooving is performed by the use of a lathe-type ultraprecision milling machine having 1 nm positioning accuracy, together with a rotating diamond cutter. As an example of microgroove, a diffraction grating with 32 768 V-shaped grooves is fabricated in a pitch of 1 μm and a depth of 0.5 μm around the circumference of copper disk of 12 mm in diameter. The high-speed rotating cutter allows the microgrooves to be sharply machined without burrs and accumulative pitch errors, taking account of cutting order. The surface roughness of machined grooves is 1 nm (Ra), which experimentally shows good optical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420050156
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Image processing in the digital tomosynthesis for pulmonary imaging (1995)
    Springer
    European radiology 5 (1995), S. 96-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Digital radiography ; Image processing ; Subtraction ; Thorax ; Tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Digital tomosynthesis makes it possible to reconstruct multiple tomographs from digital data obtained during a single tomographic motion and permits digital processing, which adds a number of special advantages to the well-known advantages of conventional tomography. We performed digital tomosynthesis with a fluororadiographic TV unit with tomographic function which was capable of producing pulsed low-and high-energy X-rays alternately, and we studied digital image processing to improve the image clarity of the reconstructed tomographs. To identify the optimal parameters for processing image data by means of spatial frequency filtration we evaluated the spatial frequency distribution of image data in linear tomographs of the lung, and on the basis of the results of this study we developed several types of digital image processing to reduce tomographic blur and system noise, to improve visualisation of faint opacities, to reduce resistant tomographic blur as well as overall blur, and to generate low-noise bone images based on dual-energy subtraction tomosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178089
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluctuation in the concentrations of vanillylmandelic acid and homovanillic acid in mass screening for neuroblastoma (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 149 (1990), S. 859-861 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Neuroblastoma ; Mass screening ; Vanillylmandelic acid ; Homovanillic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fluctuations in the amount of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were studied in random urine samples from 13 infants with neuroblastoma. In patients with a small tumour, many samples contained amounts below the cut off values, suggesting that detection of a patient with neuroblastoma depended on mathematical probability. Using high performance liquid chromatography a patient with a tumour of about 10 g may well be overlooked, whereas a patient whose tumour weighs over 30 g would probably be detected. With qualitative screening, although more likely to miss a patient with low VMA excretion, a patient with a tumour weighing over 50 g would be detected. In a thorough hospital examination care should be exercised in interpreting borderline values of VMA and HVA; excretion information suggesting the existence of a tumour may aid localization by radiological imaging procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02072074
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial growth and properties of YBa2Cu3O7−y/LaSrGaO4/YBa2Cu3O7−y trilayer structures (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 779-781 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the successful synthesis of insulating LaSrGaO4(LSGO) thin films and YBa2Cu3O7−y(YBCO)/LSGO heteroepitaxial multilayer structures using a pulsed laser deposition technique. SrTiO3(STO)(100) was used as a substrate. The formation of highly c-axis oriented YBCO/LSGO/YBCO trilayer structures is demonstrated. Epitaxial YBCO films on LSGO//STO and LSGO/YBCO//STO have a zero resistance temperature of 88.5 and 88.3 K, respectively. Sandwich-type YBCO/LSGO/YBCO junctions were produced by a suitable patterning technique. The observed (dI/dV)-V characteristics exhibit a clear single gap structure (width ∼26 meV) at temperatures below 30 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111011
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth mechanism of (InAs)m(GaAs)n strained short-period superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 7257-7263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The growth mechanism of (InAs)m(GaAs)n strained short-period superlattices grown on GaAs(001) and InAs(001) substrates was investigated by reflection high-energy electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. In the growth on a GaAs substrate, the two-dimensional layer-by-layer growth mode (Frank–Van der Merwe mode) was successfully realized even over the critical thickness when the lattice mismatch is less than ∼2.4%. In this case, the critical thickness of the grown layer on GaAs was remarkably increased by applying the superlattice structures. However, the strained short-period superlattices on InAs substrate were grown in the Stranski–Krastanov mode. The growth mode of strained short-period superlattices can be explained by the balance of surface and interface free energies, which could relate to the difference of the bonding energy between In-As and Ga-As. The growth mode of strained short-period superlattices depended strongly on the growth temperature. In the relatively high temperature growth, the growth mode of strained short-period superlattice grown on a GaAs substrate was changed from the Frank–Van der Merwe mode to the Stranski–Krastanov mode. It could be attributed to intermixing of superlattice structure due to the surface segregation of In atoms assisted by thermal energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355016
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE PLACE OF RADIATION THERAPY AS DEFINITIVE TREATMENT OF BLADDER CANCER (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of urology 2 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.1995.tb00071.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE PLACE OF RADIATION THERAPY AS DEFINITIVE TREATMENT OF BLADDER CANCER (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of urology 2 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.1995.tb00478.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lectin binding and expression of blood group-related antigens in carcinoma-in-situ and invasive carcinoma of urinary bladder (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 23 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To determine whether histochemical reactivities of carcinoma-in-situ of the urinary bladder differ from those of invasive transitional cell carcinoma, we tested a profile of eight different lectins and three antibodies directed against blood group-related antigens for 15 cases of carcinoma-in-situ and 26 cases of non-papillary (6 superficially and 20 deeply) invasive transitional cell carcinoma that had been diagnosed according to the histopathological criteria of the International Union against Cancer. For biotin-labelled lectins and monoclonal antibodies to mouse blood group-related antigens, the avidin–biotin peroxidase complex method was applied. Positive histochemical reactions of peanut agglutinin without neuraminidase treatment—PNA N(–)—in the 20 deeply invasive tumour cases were significantly higher than those in the 15 carcinoma-in-situ cases (P〈0.05). In contrast, the reactions of blood group-related antigens in the 20 deeply invasive tumour cases were significantly lower than those in the 15 carcinoma-in-situ cases or the 11 normal controls (P〈0.05). The results confirm previously reported studies of the staining of PNA N(–) and blood group-related antigens on carcinoma-in-situ and invasive tumours of urothelial organs. The application of lectins and blood group-related antigens to the histopathology of urinary bladder cancer may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of carcinoma-in-situ from invasive cancer, but neither PNA N(–) nor blood group-related antigens can be solely reliable in this.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1993.tb00473.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bronchogenic squamous cell carcinomas with invasion along alveolar walls (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 29 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma, a growth pattern along the alveolar walls of the peripheral lung parenchyma is unusual. In order better to understand the way tumour cells invade the peripheral lung parenchyma, we studied two cases of squamous cell carcinoma with invasion along the alveolar walls (in 30% to 40% of the area surrounding the tumour). We used immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against pulmonary surfactant, apoproteins (PE-10) and collagen type IV, and electron microscopy. Tumour cells invading the peripheral lung tissue were located between one layer of type II alveolar epithelial cells and the basement membrane of the alveolar walls. These results suggest that the cells of a squamous carcinoma (unlike an adenocarcinoma) have the ability to spread along the basement membrane of the alveolar walls without destroying pre-existing normal peripheral lung parenchyma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1996.tb01420.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of Franz–Keldysh oscillations of GaAs/Si/GaAs and AlAs/Si/AlAs heterostructures (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 3616-3619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have carried out a detailed study of Franz–Keldysh oscillations observed in the photoreflectance spectra of molecular beam epitaxy grown GaAs/Si/GaAs and AlAs/Si/AlAs heterostructures with a Si nominal thickness of two monolayers. The oscillations in the photoreflectance spectra were due to internal electric fields generated by graded p-n junctions created by Si diffusion. The data were analyzed employing the asymptotic Franz–Keldysh theory. It is concluded that different contributions from degenerate heavy and light hole bands, to transitions around the Γ point of the Brillouin zone, must be expected for different heterostructures depending upon the particular characteristics of the internal electric fields present in the sample.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357422
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