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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meßverfahren zur Untersuchung der Protonen-Spin-Spin-Relaxation ein und zweiphasiger Polymerer in einem Zeitbereich von fünf Dekaden (1984)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 262 (1984), S. 283-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Proton-NMR ; spin-spin-relaxation ; lineshape analysis ; multicomponent polimeric systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A method is presented to study the proton spin-spin-relaxation of one and two phase polymeric systems in a time range of 10−6 to 10−1 s, using a logarithmic time scale. Observing the line shape of the free induction decay (FID), an extensive description of the relaxation behaviour is possible in case of one phase systems in the temperature range from the rigid solid to the melt, and in case of two phase systems (in the temperature range between the glass temperatures of each phase) for each phase separately. By a combination of serveral pulse methods known from the literature, the true shape of the FID's is measured. The FID's are analyzed by comparison with simple mathematical line shapes. Several examples of measurements and analyses are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Als Grundlage von Polymeruntersuchungen wird ein Meßverfahren vorgestellt, das die Beobachtung der Protonen-Spin-Spin-Relaxation von Ein- und Zweiphasensy steinen in einem Zeitbereich von 10−6 bis 10−1 s unter Verwendung einer logarithmischen Zeitachse gestattet. Hierdurch wird eine einwandfreie Kennzeichnung der Einphasensysteme hinsichtlich der Kettenbeweglichkeit vom Festbis in den Schmelzzustand und der Zweiphasensysteme für jede Phase separat ermöglicht. Durch die Kombination einer Reihe von in der Literatur beschriebener Meßverfahren werden Störeffekte, die die Relaxationskurve verzerren, ausgeschaltet. Die gemessenen Relaxationskurven werden durch Vergleich mit geeigneten Kurvenprofilen mathematisch analysiert. Einige Anwendungsbeispiele werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410466
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Verschluß des Aquaeductus cochleae für Perilymphuntersuchungen am Meerschweinchen (1979)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 224 (1979), S. 257-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Guinea pig ; Cochlear aqueduct ; Round window membrane ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Perilymph ; Protein concentration ; Electrophysiology ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To prevent the perilymph (guinea pig) from contamination with CSF during the sampling the aqueductus cochleae (AC) was blocked by injection of tissue adhesive into the meningeal aperture. The control of an exact blockage of AC was carried out by examination of perilymph-outflow after opening the cochlea (injection of fluorescein-Na into the CSF-space), analysis of perilymphprotein-concentration, macroscopic and microscopic examination of the temporal bones. In all cochleae we have found the same morphological structures, notwith-standing whether the AC was blocked (for a time from 30 min to 7 weeks) or not: The cochlear aqueduct is filled with a mesh of mesenchymal tissue, which grows more dense towards the cochlear aperture and continues into the round window membrane. From scala tympani the AC is always limited by one layer of cells forming a sort of membrane (under light microscope). It seems possible that CSF moves in the inner of the round window membrane between AC and subepithelian space of middle ear mucosa, whereas perilymph of scala tympani is not in direct contact with the flow of CSF. The scala tympanic side of the round window membrane may be a big area for diffusion and there also may be an exchange between CSF and perilymph. The outflow of CSF into the cochlea after experimental opening of the cochlea is an artifact, caused by damage of pressure equilibration between CSF-space and cochlea. 30 min and 5–7 weeks after blockage no morphological and electrophysiological alterations from those of the control ears were to be seen. The protein concentration, however, increased significantly 5–7 weeks after blockage from normally about 200 mg/100 ml to almost the double especially in the scala tympani (see Table 1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01108783
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Versuche zur medikamentösen Beeinflussung der Lärmschwerhörigkeit (1976)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 212 (1976), S. 171-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Dipyridamol ; Allopurinol ; Noise-induced Cochlear Damage/Lärmhörschäden
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dipyridamol has in addition to a coronardilatating effect an antithrombotic one too. Moreover it facilitates the release of O2 from haemoglobin by increase of the concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in the erythrocytes. Allopurinol causes a potential resynthesis of ATP in the cells by inhibition of the metabolism of uric acid. Both substances therefore seemed to be suitable for a medicamental therapy of the noise-induced cochlear damage. The expected favourable effect of Dipyridamol and Allopurinol on the organ of Corti after sound exposure (RMP-measurement before and after exposure to pure tone 120 dB SPL) however had not been confirmed by experiment on animals (guinea Pig).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00456694
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Gesamtaktivität der Laktatdehydrogenase von Perilymphe, Plasma und Liquor cerebrospinalis unbelasteter und schallbelasteter Meerschweinchen (1983)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 238 (1983), S. 77-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Total activity of LDH ; Perilymph ; Sources of error and purity testing ; Plasma ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Guinea pig ; Noise exposure ; LDH-Gesamtaktivität ; Perilymphe ; Fehlerquellen und Reinheitskontrolle ; Plasma ; Liquor cerebrospinalis ; Meerschweinchen ; Schallbelastung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Gesamtaktivität der Laktatdehydrogenase (LDH) von Perilymphe (PL) der Scala tympani und Scala vestibuli, arteriellem Blutplasma und Liquor cerebrospinalis (CSF) unbelasteter und schallbelasteter Meerschweinchen wurde unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der wesentlichen Fehlerquellen untersucht. Zur Reinheitskontrolle der PL-Proben dienten simultane Protein- und Elektrolytbestimmungen (Tabelle 1). Die LDH-Aktivität wurde fluorimetrisch bestimmt. Es zeigte sich, daß zwischen PL, CSF und Plasma erhebliche LDH-Aktivitätsunterschiede bestehen (Tabelle 2). Die mittlere Aktivität ist in der PL 3–4mal höher als im CSF und nur etwa halb so hoch wie im Plasma. Zwischen PL der Scala tympani und Scala vestibuli ergab sich kein signifikanter Unterschied. Die häufigsten LDH-Werte der einzelnen Flüssigkeiten (Abb. 2) liegen etwas unter den arithmetischen Mittelwerten. Unmittelbar (≤60 min) nach 10minütiger Breitbandbelastung mit 140 dB SPL lagen die Mittelwerte der PL beider Schneckenskalen etwas höher als beim unbelasteten Tier (Tabelle 3). 18 h nach Belastungsende zeigte sich nur in der PL der Scala vestibuli eine etwas höhere Aktivität. Die Unterschiede konnten statistisch nicht gesichert werden. Die LDH-Werte von CSF und Plasma blieben sowohl ≤60 min als auch 18 h nach Schallbelastung unverändert.
    Notes: Summary The total activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of perilymph (PL), plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of unexposed and sound-exposed guinea pigs was examined with due consideration of the principal sources of error. To test the purity of PL samples, protein, potassium, and sodium were determined simultaneously (Table 1). The LDH was analysed fluorometrically. It was found that there are considerable differences in the LDH activities of PL, CSF, and plasma (Table 2). The mean activity of PL was three to four times higher than that of CSF and only about half that of plasma. No significant difference was found between the PL in scala tympani and scala vestibuli. The most frequent LDH values of the individual fluids (Fig. 2) were somewhat lower than the mean values calculated. Immediately (≤60 min) after exposing the animals to wide-band noise at an intensity of 140 dB SPL for 10 min, the mean PL values of the scala tympani and scala vestibuli were found to be somewhat higher than in unexposed animals (Table 3). Eighteen hours after the exposure, slightly higher activity was only detectable in PL of the scala vestibuli. The differences were not found to be significant. The LDH values of CSF and plasma remained unchanged both ≤60 min and 18 h after noise exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00453744
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On sources of error in the biochemical study of perilymph (guinea-pig) (1984)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 240 (1984), S. 43-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Biochemical analysis ; Perilymph ; Sources of error ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Contamination of perilymph with other fluids (cerebrospinal fluid, tissue fluid, blood, endolymph) together with sampling, anaesthesia, surgical intervention or food intake of the animals may considerably affect the analytical result. The numerous possible artefacts seem to be the main reason why varying values are given in the literature for the same chemical component of perilymph. This is also partly true of cerebrospinal fluid and blood. The effect of some sources of error on selected chemical components of perilymph, cerebrospinal fluid and blood is briefly summarized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464343
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term occupational inhalation of organic dust — Effect on pulmonary function (1978)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 42 (1978), S. 119-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Organic dusts ; Allergic alveolitis ; Bird fancier's lung ; Immunology ; Counter-immunoelectrophoresis ; Sensitisation ; Pulmonary function diagnosis ; Ventilation ; Respiratory mechanics ; Diffusion ; Distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Studies to detect disorders of pulmonary function were performed on 42 workers at a poultry farm. All the subjects were exposed to organic dusts and sensitised to poultry antigens. Typical signs of bird fancier's lung were recorded in two of them. Included in all examinations were immunological diagnosis by means of counter-immunoelectrophoresis, systematic interviewing for case histories, and registration of respiratory symptoms. Pulmonary function was recorded by means of the following techniques: analysis of ventilation (flow-volume indices), respiratory mechanics of the larger airways and lung (body box plethysmography, oesophago-balloon technique), respiratory mechanics of the small airways (closing volume), distributional analysis, diffusion analysis, and blood gas analysis. A disorder of pulmonary function was recordable in 40 sensitised individuals. Such disorder being characterised by obstruction of the larger airways and slight inhomogeneity. The small airways were not narrowed. No restriction nor disturbed diffusion were established. The severity of obstruction was found to be related to the degree of sensitisation. The following more clearly pronounced changes in terms of functional diagnosis were recordable from two poultry workers with allergic alveolitis: obstruction of larger airways with concomitant restriction, marked inhomogeneity, and disorder of diffusion. The disorders, relatively discrete, led to mild PO2-reduction in sensitised individuals, whereas mild hypoxaemia was recorded from subjects with allergic alveolitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01297550
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative Bestimmung des duodenogastrischen Refluxes bei verschiedenen Magenresektionsverfahren (1981)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 354 (1981), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Duodenogastric reflux ; Quantification ; Gastric resection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der duoenogastrische Reflux wurde quantitativ bei den klassischen Magenresektionsverfahren (Billroth II — mit und ohne Enteroanastomose, Billroth I), sowie bei Magengesunden bestimmt. Insgesamt wurden 43 Magenresezierte und 6 Magengesunde untersucht. Die B II-Resezierten ohne Braunsche Enteroanastomose (n = 10) wiesen einen Reflux von 50,4 ± 4,1 % (SEM) der während der Untersuchung sezernierten Gallenmenge auf. Bei den B II-Resezierten mit Braunscher Enteroanastomose (n = 15) betrug der Reflux 21,5 ± 3,7 % (SEM), bei den B I-Resezierten (n =17) 23,1 ± 3,5 (SEM). Die magengesunden Kontrollpersonen (n = 6) wiesen einen Reflux von 0,5 ± 0,4% (SEM) auf.
    Notes: Summary The duodenogastric reflux was measured quantitatively in patients with classic gastric resections (Billroth I, Billroth II with and without enteroanastomosis) as well as in patients without gastric operations. A total of 43 patients with gastric resection and 6 without gastric operation were studied. Patients operated according to B II without Braun's enteroanastomosis (n = 10) had a bile reflux of 50.4 ± 4.1 % (SEM) during the study. Patients having been operated according to B II- with Braun's-enteroanastomosis (n = 15) and those having undergone B I-operation (n = 17) had a duodenogastric reflux of 21.5 ± 3.7 % (SEM) and 23.1 ± 3.5 % (SEM), respectively. In 6 control subjects without gastric operation bile reflux into the stomach averaged 0.5 ± 0.4 % (SEM).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01271337
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lebercirrhose und duodenogastrischer Reflux —Zum Problem des hepatogenen Ulcus (1983)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 360 (1983), S. 109-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Duodenogastric reflux ; Quantification ; Liver cirrhosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der duodenogastrische Reflux wurde quantitativ bei Patienten mit histologisch nachgewiesener Lebercirrhose und magen- und lebergesunden Kontrollpersonen bestimmt. Die Bestimmung des duodenogastrischen Refluxes erfolgte nach dem Gallemarkerprinzip unter Verwendung des Tricarbocyanin-Farbstoffes Indocyaningreen (ICG). Die intragastrale Konzentration von ICG wurde nach Ausheberung des Magensaftes über eine Magensonde photometrisch gemessen und der duodenogastrische Reflux in Prozent der infundierten bzw. biliär sezernierten ICG-Menge berechnet. Bromthalein wurde als zusätzlicher Marker benutzt, um eine Kontrolle über die Vollständigkeit der Magensaftelimination zu erreichen. Insgesamt wurden 15 Patienten mit Lebercirrhose und 6 magen- und lebergesunde Kontrollpersonen untersucht. Die Patienten mit Lebercirrhose wiesen einen Reflux von 2,85% ± 0,76%, die magen- und lebergesunden Kontrollpersonen (n = 6) einen Reflux von 0,45 ± 0,39 % auf. Der Unterschiediststatistischsignificant(P 〈 0,05). Die Bromthaleinaspiration betrug bei allen Lebercirrhotikern 87,95 ± 2,78 % der infundierten Menge.
    Notes: Summary Patients suffering from liver cirrhosis and patients showing no signs of liver or stomach disease (control group) were quantitatively examined for duodenogastric reflux. The duodenogastric reflux was measured by means of bile tracers. The bile tracer used in this study was the tricarbocyanin dye indocyningreen (ICG). The intra-gastric concentration of ICG was photometrically measured after gastric acid was suctioned through a stomach tube. The duodenogastric reflux was calculated in percent in terms of the infused and the biliary secreted ICG amount respectively. Bromthalein was used as an additional tracer in order to control the efficiency of peptic acid removal. A total of 15 patients suffering from liver cirrhosis and 6 patients who showed no signs of stomach or liver disease (control group) were examined. The patients with liver disease showed a reflux of 2.85% ± 0.76%, the control group (n = 6) showed a reflux of 0.45% ± 0.39%. The difference is statistically significant (P 〈 0.05). Bromthalein aspiration by all patients with liver cirrhosis was 87.95 ± 2.78% of the amount infused.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01254919
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMR study of rubber crosslinking in model networks (1981)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 259 (1981), S. 990-994 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: NMR ; proton spin-spin relaxation ; styrene-butadienestyrene block copolymer ; rubber crosslink density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur quantitativen Erfassung der Vernetzung eines Kautschuks ist es wünschenswert, die Vernetzungsdichte des Netzwerks zu bestimmen. Styrol-Butadien-Styrol Blockcopolymere können als Modellnetzwerke für einen Kautschuk mit einheitlichen Netzbogenlängen angesehen werden. Für die Modellnetzwerke wird die Beziehung zwischen der Protonen Spin-Spin-Relaxationszeit und der Vernetzungsdichte bestimmt. Unterhalb eines kritischen Molekulargewichts (M c = 40 000) des Kautschuks, das der Bildung von Verschlaufungen entspricht, ist die Spin-Spin-Relaxationszeit proportional zur Netzbogenlänge; oberhalb des kritischen Wertes ist sie nahezu unabhängig vom Molekulargewicht des Kautschuks.
    Notes: Summary For a quantitative description of rubber crosslinking it is desirable to determine the crosslink density of the network. Styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymers can be regarded as model networks for a rubber with uniform chain lengths between the crosslinks. For these model networks the relation between the proton spin-spin relaxation time and the crosslink density is determined. Below a critical value for the molecular weight of the rubber segment (M c = 40 000) which corresponds to the formation of entanglements, the relaxation time is proportional to the crosslink spacing. Above the critical value the relaxation time is almost independent of the molecular weight of the rubber.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01558612
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perilymphatische Perfusion der Kochlea mit einer Fluorokarbon-Emulsion (1978)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 220 (1978), S. 299-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Fluorocarbon ; O2-Solubility ; Perfusion ; Cochlea ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Because oxygen is at least ten times as soluble in fluorocarbon liquids as in plasma or saline, we investigated the principle possibility of perilymphatic perfusion of the cochlea with perfluortributylamin. Our experiments show that fluorocarbons in spite of the excellent O2-solubility in it are not suitable for the perilymphatic perfusion due to their physical properties (density 1.91 g/ml, non-solubility in water, necessity and difficulties of emulsification).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00455367
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