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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanosize alpha-Al2O3 from Seeded Aluminum Hydroxide (1998)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: alpha-Alumina and boehmite particles were synthesized by coprecipitation followed by a hydrothermal treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that alpha-Al2O3 was the major phase and coexisted with 4% of boehmite in the presence of the alpha-Al2O3 seeds. On the other hand, a single boehmite phase was obtained in the absence of the alpha-Al2O3 seed particles. The powder densified in the temperature range from 1050° to 1350°C. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed that the particle size of the synthesized alpha-Al2O3 was 60 nm. The surface area was 245 m2/g.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02687.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Reply (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb12601.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lignocaine metabolite formation: an indicator for liver dysfunction and predictor of survival in surgical intensive care patients (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Formation of the lignocaine metabolite monoethyl-glycine-xylidide (MEGX) by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes is a new method for evaluating liver function. The purpose of this study was to compare MEGX formation with other liver function parameters in surgical intensive care unit patients. The study included 29 critically ill patients who had been admitted to the unit for more than 3 days with a median APACHE III score-predicted mortality 〉 30%. On day 4, lignocaine was given intravenously at a dose of 1 mg.kg-1 over 2 min and MEGX formation was measured 15 min later. Eighty-nine percent of the patients had MEGX values below 90μg.l-1 indicating impaired liver function. Eleven patients died, 18 patients survived. The group of patients with fatal outcome had significantly lower MEGX values (median: 23μg.l-1) than the group of survivors (median: 53μg.l-1, p 〈 0.01). Bilirubin values were elevated in the non-survivor group (median: 2.8mg.dl-1) compared to the survivors (median: 0.9mg.dl-1, p 〈 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the other liver function tests. We conclude from our results that the MEGX test can be considered an indicator for hepatic dysfunction and predictor of survival in critically ill patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1995.tb05849.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    When should prophylactic treatment in patients with haemophilia A and B start?— The German experience (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 4 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Radiological and orthopaedic outcome in severe and moderate haemophilia A and B patients undergoing long-term prophylactic treatment were prospectively investigated focusing on the age of onset of prophylaxis and the number of joint bleedings prior to treatment. We report on 21 patients with severe and moderate haemophilia A and B receiving prophylactic treatment of between 3.1 and 16.1 year's duration. Three patient groups were evaluated according to the age at onset of prophylaxis. In group I prophylactic treatment was initiated in the first 2 years of life. Patients in group II received prophylaxis at the age of 3–6 years. Late-onset or secondary prophylactic treatment was started at the age of 6 years and above in seven patients (group III). All patients received virus-inactivated F VIII or F IX concentrates at dosages of 30–50 IU/kg body weight i.v. three times per week for those with haemophilia A and twice per week for those with haemophilia B. Elbow, knee and ankle joints were investigated at 3–4-yearly intervals according to the radiological and orthopaedic scores recommended by the World Federation of Haemophilia. The total number of joint bleedings before and after start of prophylaxis were recorded in all patients. In group I 7/8 patients had unaffected joints with constant radiological and orthopaedic scores of zero or 1, after a median of 11.25 years of prophylactic treatment. One patient in this group demonstrated mild radiological alterations (score 4). Patients in group II showed neither radiological nor orthopaedic alterations at study entry. Surprisingly, worsening joint scores could be detected despite ongoing prophylaxis after the 3-year interval (median orthopaedic score 4, median radiological score 8). Treatment group III already showed considerable joint damage at study entry with a median radiological score of 11 (0–33) and a median orthopaedic score of 4 (0–11). Despite prophylactic treatment, both radiological (median 19.5, range 2–47) and orthopaedic scores (median 8, range 2–12) deteriorated after 3 years. Prior to onset of prophylaxis, no or only one joint bleeding occurred in treatment group I. In group II, a median of six joint bleeds (range 1–8) was reported before prophylaxis was started. Patients in group III usually experienced a median of more than 10 joint haemorrhages (range 6–10 or more). Under prophylactic treatment the number of joint bleedings decreased significantly in group II and III. However, radiological and orthopaedic scores increased as a sign of progressing osteoarthropathic alterations in patients reporting more than five joint haemorrhages before onset of prophylaxis whereas no joint alterations could be assessed in patients with no or only one joint bleeding episode prior to prophylaxis. Even a small number of joint bleedings seems to cause irreversible osteoarthropathic alterations leading to haemophilic arthropathy. Once apparent, further progression of joint damage could not be arrested despite of prophylactic treatment (groups II and III). In order to prevent haemophilic arthropathy, effective prophylaxis should be started before or at least after the first joint bleeding in severe haemophilia A and B.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.1998.440413.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of PCR-based markers linked to the powdery-mildew-resistance gene Pl1 from Malus robusta in cultivated apple (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 114 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The availability of molecular markers linked to mildew resistance genes would enhance the efficiency of apple-breeding programmes. This investigation focuses on the identification of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the Pl1 gene for mildew resistance, which has introgressed from Malus robusta into cultivated apples. The RAPD marker technique was combined with a modified ‘bulked seg-regant analysis’ mapping strategy. About 850 random decamer primers used as single primers or in combinations were tested by PCR analysis on the basis of resistant and susceptible DNA pools. Selected primers producing RAPD fragments were applied in an additional selection step to M. robusta and genotypes representing intermediate breeding stages of the breeding population 93/9, for which a 1:1 segregation could be observed for the resistance trait. Seven RAPD markers, all representing introgressed DNA sequences from M. robusta, were identified and arranged with the Pl1 locus in a common linkage group. The two most tightly-linked RAPD markers, OPAT20450 and OPD21000 were mapped with a genetic distance of 4.5 and 5 cM, respectively, from the Pl1 gene. Both markers are suitable for marker-assisted selection in apple breeding. The polymorphic DNA fragment OPAT20450 was cloned and sequenced, and longer primers for the generation of a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker have been constructed; this marker was easier to score than the original RAPD marker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb00850.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathology in fish: proposal for a protocol to assess aquatic pollution (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Water pollution induces pathological changes in fish. As an indicator of exposure to contaminants, histology represents a useful tool to assess the degree of pollution, particularly for sub-lethal and chronic effects. However, a standardized method for the description and assessment of histological changes, mainly for use in freshwater fish, is still lacking. In this paper, the present authors propose a standardized tool for the assessment of histological findings which can be applied to different organs. The methodology is based on two factors: (1) the extension of a pathological change is rated with a ‘score value’; and (2) the pathological importance of this alteration is defined as an ‘importance factor’. The sum of the multiplied score values and importance factors of all diagnosed changes results in different indices. With these indices, statistical analysis can be carried out. Assessment methods for the gills, liver, kidney and skin are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1999.00134.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ileX tRNA gene is located close to the Shiga toxin II operon in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 and non-O157 strains (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 149 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A cosmid library of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 strain EDL 933 was constructed and clones carrying the stx2 gene were identified by colony blot hybridization with a stx2B specific probe. Nucleotide sequencing upstream of the stx2A gene revealed high sequence identities of 89.5% to the ileX tRNA gene found in E. coli. The ileX gene was located 260 bp from the translational start codon of stx2A. PCR analysis with primers specific for this analyzed region showed that in 11 Stx2-producing EHEC strains from patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome, all PCR-positive strains carried the ileX tRNA gene. However, PCR analysis of the respective region in 11 Stx1-producing EHEC strains detected no ileX genes. Although the role of ileX in Stx2-producing EHEC strains is not clear, its function in regard to the use of rare codons and as an integration site is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10305.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Active biomonitoring with brown trout and rainbow trout in diluted sewage plant effluents (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Brown trout Salmo trutta populations of numerous Swiss rivers are declining. Sewage plant effluents are discussed as a possible cause. To investigate the influence of sewage plant effluents, brown trout as well as rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were exposed to 10% diluted waste water over a period of 12 months. The effects were compared to those on trout kept in commercial tap water. The mortality rate was low and no pathogenic bacteria or viruses were recorded in exposed and tap-water animals. Parasitological examination revealed a mild infestation with Gryodactylus sp. in all groups. Macroscopically and histologically, only minor changes in gills, skin, and kidney of exposed animals were found when compared to fish kept in tap water. Degenerative and inflammatory reactions in the liver of exposed animals were the most prominent findings. Several brown trout caught in the River Langete showed marked proliferative, degenerative and inflammatory lesions of gills, liver, and kidney. The results do not suggest that waste-water effects would explain the decrease of fish populations. However, it is conceivable that the effluents in combination with other factors in the river enhance the development of changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1999.tb00637.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential sensitivity of macrophages to bradykinin (1998)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 357 (1998), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Bradykinin ; Arachidonic acid ; Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) ; Superoxide radical ; Intracellular Calcium ; NADPH-oxidase ; Guinea pig macrophages
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: 2 receptor subtype. However, the receptor activity measured by bradykinin-induced increase in intracellular free calcium [Ca2+]i was very low compared to elicited peritoneal macrophages. These findings indicate that the stage of differentiation/maturation and activation of macrophages may be important for the ability of bradykinin to stimulate these cells to inflammatory responses in vivo.
    Notes: Abstract In this report, we investigated the responsiveness of subpopulations of elicited peritoneal macrophages between each other compared to resident tissue macrophages of alveoli of guinea pig to the action of bradykinin. Bradykinin stimulated the secretion of superoxide radical, arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) via the bradykinin B2 receptor subtype in peritoneal macrophages, indicated by complete inhibitory effect of the bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist HOE 140. The extent of the secretion, however, varied substantially between macrophages of different size. The highest level of the secretion was observed in the fraction containing the intermediate-size macrophages, while progressively lower level of the secretion was observed with decreasing size. In contrast, large macrophages obviously lost their secretory ability. Additionally, the bradykinin-stimulated release of cyclooxygenase products exerted an inhibitory action on NADPH-oxidase activity depending on size and stage of maturation/activation of macrophages, as judged by an increase in superoxide radical generation by indomethacin (100 μM) preincubation of cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005149
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Klinisch-radiologische Anatomie der Schulterregion (1996)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 933-943 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schulterregion ; Skelettaufbau ; Gelenke ; Periartikuläre Weichteile ; Leitungsbahnen ; Key words Shoulder region ; Skeletal composition ; Joints ; Periarticular structures ; Vessels and nerves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Besides the skeletal elements, i. e., the clavicle, scapula and humerus, several muscles and soft tissues also participate in the construction of the human shoulder. These elements from and surround the shoulder girdle joints, which are the acromioclavicular and glenohumeral joint. Towards the trunk a connection is achieved by the sternoclavicular joint. Ossification of the clavicle, scapula and humerus begins within the 5th to 7th embryonic week. Around the age of 20 years ossification is completed. Parallel to this development and during adulthood, age-dependent changes take place in the composition and mixture of the bone marrow from red to yellow marrow. The shoulder girdle joints are constructed to permit a wide range of motion of the arm against the trunk. At the glenohumeral joint the spherical humeral head glides within the concave groove of the glenoid cavity. Stability is attained by the fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum, which enlarges the articulating areas and the joint capsule with its strengthening ligaments. Variation of the joint capsule insertion, the glenoid labrum or the bony surfaces may predispose to luxation. Additional support to prevent luxation is obtained by the glenohumeral ligaments and the long biceps tendon. Active movement is provided by the superficial muscles and the rotator cuff muscles. Several bursae support free movement and decrease friction of the musculotendineous systems near the joint. Despite this complex construction several degenerative diseases can impair free movement of the human shoulder.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Am Aufbau der Schulter sind neben Clavicula, Scapula und Humerus zahlreiche Muskeln und mehrere Weichteilstrukturen beteiligt. Sie formen und umhüllen die zur Schulter gehörenden Gelenke: Articulatio acromioclavicularis und Articulatio humeri (glenohumeralis). Die Skeletteile der Schulter beginnen zwischen der 5. und 7. Embryonalwoche zu verknöchern. Die Ossifikation ist um das 20. Lebensjahr abgeschlossen. Eng damit verkoppelt sind Konvertierungsvorgänge, nach denen vor allem in der Scapula und im Humerus eine altersabhängige Umwandlung von hämatopoetisch aktivem Knochenmark in fetthaltiges inaktives Knochenmark erfolgt. Sternoclaviculare und acromioclaviculare Gelenke vergrößern das Bewegungsausmaß der freien oberen Extremität. Im Schultergelenk gleitet das kugelförmig gestaltete Caput humeri in der konkav gekrümmten Cavitas glenoidalis. Das Labrum glenoidale vergrößert die Pfannenfläche und sichert mit dem Kapsel-Band-System die stabile Flächenführung der Gelenkpartner. Variationen in der Profilgestaltung, der Labrumposition und dem Kapselansatz begünstigen mögliche Luxationen. Dem wirken die glenohumeralen Bänder sowie die Sehne des langen Bizepskopfes entgegen. Oberflächlich gelegene Gürtelmuskeln und die Muskeln der Rotatorenmanschette führen und sichern das Schultergelenk aktiv. Periartikuläre Gleitstrukturen begünstigen außerdem die Beweglichkeit und vermindern Reibungskräfte zwischen den gelenknahen Muskel-Sehnen-Komplexen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050161
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