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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aminoguanidine does not inhibit the initial phase of experimental diabetic retinopathy in rats (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy ; rat model ; aminoguanidine ; glycation ; retinal basement membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have previously shown that long-term administration of aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of advanced glycosylation product formation, reduces the extent of experimental diabetic retinopathy in the rat by 85%. In order to determine whether the residual retinopathy that developed despite aminoguanidine was attributable to advanced glycation endproduct formation, a time-course study was performed in three different groups of male Wistar rats: non-diabetic controls (NC), streptozotocin-diabetic controls (DC) and streptozotocin-diabetic rats treated with aminoguanidine HCL, 50 mg/100 ml drinking water (D-AG). Eyes were obtained at 24, 32, 44 and 56 weeks of diabetes/treatment duration and morphologic evaluation was done on retinal digest preparations. At 56 weeks, retinal basement membrane thickness was additionally measured. After 24 weeks of diabetes, the number of acellular capillaries was significantly elevated in DC (44.6±5.7/mm2 of retinal area, NC 19.6±4.9; p〈0.001) and increased continuously over time (DC 56 weeks 87.4±15.1; p〈0.001 vs DC 24 weeks). In contrast, acellular capillaries in D-AG increased over the first 24 weeks and then remained constant for the rest of the study (D-AG 24 weeks 35.7±5.18; p〈0.01 vs NC 24 weeks and NS vs DC 24 weeks; D-AG 56 weeks 42.0±6.20; p NS vs D-AG 24 weeks). Diabetes-associated pericyte loss (DC 24 weeks 2310±170/mm2 of capillary area; NC 24 weeks 3120±190; p〈0.001; DC 56 weeks 1570±230; NC 56 weeks 2960±50; p〈0.001) was significantly prevented by aminoguanidine after diabetic-like changes over the initial 24 weeks (D-AG 24 weeks 2450±75; p NS vs DC 24 weeks; D-AG 56 weeks 2350±90; p〈0.001 vs DC 56 weeks). At 56 weeks, aminoguanidine treatment was associated with a 67.4% reduction in retinal basement membrane thickening. This time-course study demonstrates that aminoguanidine prevents the progression of experimental diabetic retinopathy, and suggests that non AG-inhibitable mechanisms are involved in the initial phase of diabetic retinopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400629
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aldosterone 18-glucuronide excretion determined with and without chromatography in human hypertensives (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 57 (1979), S. 1133-1135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Aldosteron-18-Glucuronid ; RIA mit und ohne Chromatographie ; Essentielle Hypertonie ; Aldosterone-18-glucuronide ; RIA with and without chromatography ; Essential hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 24 h-urine excretion of aldosterone-18-glucuronide was determined with and without preceding paper chromatography in patients with essential hypertension (n=50). Radioimmunoassay was performed with a highly specific antibody against aldosterone. Urine specimens determined without chromatography gave significantly higher values than aliquots which were estimated at the same time with chromatography. A highly significant correlation was found between the two methods (r=0.91,p〈0.0001). Without chromatography, mean over estimation in samples with concentrations in the low and middle range was on average 32 and 24% respectively, whereas aldosterone concentrations in the upper range showed a 14% over estimation. The RIA procedure for aldosterone without chromatography as here described is suitable for hypertension screening programmes to exclude known forms of primary hyperaldosteronism in which elevated aldosterone excretion rates have to be differentiated from values lying within the normal range.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Aldosteron-18-Glucuronidausscheidung im 24 h-Urin von essentiellen Hypertonikern (n=50) mit und ohne vorhergehender Papierchromatographie beschrieben. Der Radioimmunoassay wurde mit einem hochspezifischen Aldosteronantikörper durchgeführt. Die ohne Chromatographie analysierten Urine lagen signifikant höher als die dazu parallel bestimmten Proben mit Chromatographie (p〈0,02). Es konnte jedoch eine hochsignifikante Korrelation zwischen den beiden Methoden nachgewiesen werden (r=0,91,p〈0,0001). In Bereichen niederer und mittlerer Konzentrationen lagen die ohne Chromatographie bestimmten Proben in Mittel um 32 bzw. 24% über denen mit Chromatographie analysierten; Aldosteronkonzentrationen im Bereich der oberen Norm ergaben ohne chromatographisches Verfahren durchschnittlich um 14% höhere Werte. Die beschriebene Methode zur Bestimmung der Aldosteronexkretion ohne Chromatographie erscheint zur Abklärung von Hypertonikern geeignet, bei denen primäre Formen des Hyperaldosteronismus von normaler bzw. hoch normaler Aldosteronsekretion differenziert werden müssen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01481495
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paediatric Crohn's disease: a radiological review (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 1085-1094 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Crohn's disease – Paediatrics – Investigation – Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Paediatric Crohn's disease can be a serious and complex condition which is not always easy to diagnose if it presents in an atypical manner. Although the pathological processes are the same in adults and children, the clinical presentation and disease distribution can be different in children. The impact of the disease can also be much more significant in a growing and developing child than in an adult. Numerous investigations are available to establish the diagnosis, define the complications and to demonstrate the extra-intestinal manifestations. Close co-operation is required between the clinician and radiologist when investigating a child suspected of having Crohn's disease or its symptoms to minimise the radiation dose and the psychological and physical trauma. We review the clinical and radiological aspects of Crohn's disease and discuss the imaging modalities available in diagnosing Crohn's disease and its complications and suggest an investigation pathway as used in our institution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003309900304
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Learning and Updating of Uncertainty in Dirichlet Models (1997)
    Springer
    Machine learning 26 (1997), S. 43-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: Beta distribution ; Dirichlet distribution ; Dirichlet conjugate priors ; evidence propagation ; parameter estimation ; prior assessment of hyperparameters ; time series.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we analyze the problem of learning and updating of uncertainty in Dirichlet models, where updating refers to determining the conditional distribution of a single variable when some evidence is known. We first obtain the most general family of prior-posterior distributions which is conjugate to a Dirichlet likelihood and we identify those hyperparameters that are influenced by data values. Next, we describe some methods to assess the prior hyperparameters and we give a numerical method to estimate the Dirichlet parameters in a Bayesian context, based on the posterior mode. We also give formulas for updating uncertainty by determining the conditional probabilities of single variables when the values of other variables are known. A time series approach is presented for dealing with the cases in which samples are not identically distributed, that is, the Dirichlet parameters change from sample to sample. This typically occurs when the population is observed at different times. Finally, two examples are given that illustrate the learning and updating processes and the time series approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007372016040
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The International Headache Society (IHS) Headache Classification as applied to a headache clinic population (1994)
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Four hundred patients attending a headache clinic were classified using the IHS criteria. The majority required more than two, often three or four, diagnoses. Even though migraine was the most common diagnosis, only 1/4 of those with a migraine diagnosis had it as the only diagnosis. Seventy-five percent of migraine patients had coexistent chronic tension-type headache (CTTH), drug-induced headache or both. Ninety-six percent of patients diagnosed as having migraine with aura also suffered from migraine without aura. More than 1/3 of patients (37.7%) attending the clinic suffered from chronic daily headache (CDH) (chronic cluster headache excluded), which is not included as a separate entity in the IHS classification. Pure CTTH formed only a small minority of CDH, whereas 86.6% of CDH had migraine as one of the diagnoses. Drug-induced headache was a prominent second or third diagnosis. The advantages and disadvantages of multiple verses single diagnosis in CDH and the need to recognize the natural history of headache disorders in the classification are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1994.1406443.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on autoantibody titres to BP Ag1 and BP Ag2 in patients with bullous pemphigoid (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background   Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease, which is characterized by blisters on the skin. Autoantibodies to components of the basement membrane zone are usually observed in the sera of patients with BP. Autoantibodies to the bullous pemphigoid antigens (BP Ag1, 230-kDa desmoplakin protein, and BP Ag2, 180-kDa hemidesmosomal protein) are present in the sera of BP patients.Objective   The objective of this study was to report the influence of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy on autoantibody titres to BP Ag1 and BP Ag2.Methods   In this prospective study, we measured autoantibody titres to both BP Ag1 and BP Ag2, in 10 patients with severe BP, over a period of 18 consecutive months on each patient, using an immunoblot assay.Results   Prior to the initiation of IVIg therapy, the sera of nine patients demonstrated the presence of high autoantibody titres to both BP Ag1 and BP Ag2. One patient had autoantibodies to BP Ag1 only. A statistically significant decline in the autoantibody titres to both BP Ag1 and BP Ag2 was observed after 3 months of receiving the first cycle of IVIg therapy. This gradual decline in autoantibody titres continued until patients were observed to have non-detectable titres to BP Ag1 after 11 months and to BP Ag2 after 10 months of receiving IVIg therapy. Once patients achieved non-detectable titres, these patients were considered to be in a serological remission. This serological remission was sustained for an additional 7 months of observation.Conclusion   Autoantibody titres to BP Ag1 and BP Ag2 can be used to monitor the serological response to treatment in patients with BP. Patients with severe BP who are treated with IVIg therapy, as described in our protocol, achieve a long-term serological remission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-3083.2003.00714.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow cytometric studies of ploidy and proliferative indices in the Yorkshire trial of adjuvant progestogen treatment of endometrial cancer (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 100 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To estimate whether flow cytometric indices provide independent measures of prognosis or predict response to prophylactic progestogens in endometrial cancer.Design Endometrial tumour specimens were retrieved and analysed by flow cytometry from 257 women who had been randomly allocated in a previous trial to receive prophylactic progestogen in addition to conventional therapy for endometrial carcinoma.Setting Fourteen district and two teaching hospitals in West Yorkshire.Subjects Women developing primary endometrial cancer between 1975 and 1983.Main outcome measures Tumour ploidy status and proliferative indices and the relation of these to tumour stage and grade, to prognosis and to response to progestogens.Results Ploidy status and proliferative indices were related to tumour stage, grade and patient survival but were not independent predictors of survival. They did not predict patients who would respond to progestogens although there was a nonsignificant trend towards patients with diploid tumours surviving longer after progestogen treatment.Conclusions Flow cytometry adds little to established prognostic indicators for endometrial cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1993.tb15239.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Searching CD-ROM databases for non-English-speaking users (1995)
    Bingley : Emerald
    New library world 96 (1995), S. 24-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0307-4803
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship
    Notes: Describes how access to English-language information bynon-English-speaking students and faculty at a Middle Eastern universityis being facilitated by making available a variety of machine-readablesources, particularly CD-ROM, and how not only searching of thesesources but also use of the information retrieved are made possible byseveral means including: the provision by faculty and library staff oftranslations into English of information requests made in Arabic; thepublication of bilingual dictionaries covering a wide range ofscientific, technological and other disciplines; and the recentdevelopment, by other institutions, of a number of online, multilingualdatabases covering computer terms and a wide range of science andtechnology fields, accessible via Gulfnet and the Internet. Anticipatesthe development of an all-sources database accessible through all publicsearch-and-retrieval terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074809510084425
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutron diffraction study of ammonium oxalate monohydrate, (NH4)2C2O4.H2O (1965)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 18 (1965), S. 567-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-5520
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0365110X65001251
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ibogaine Produces Neurodegeneration in Rat, but Not Mouse, Cerebellum (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 801 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb17444.x
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