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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormally phosphorylated protein tau in the cortex of aged individuals of various mammalian orders (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 100 (2000), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Aging ; Animal model ; Cortex ; Microtubule-associated protein tau ; Hyperphosphorylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aged individuals of mammalian species displaying hyperphosphorylated tau protein may be suitable natural models for investigating neurodegenerative alterations occurring, for example, in Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, autoptic tissue from the entorhinal, motor and prefrontal cortices of 14 mammalian species was screened using the monoclonal antibody AT8, which is directed against a phosphorylated epitope of human tau and applicable to the tissues of aged domestic animals, as shown in previous studies. AT8-immunoreactive neuronal processes and perikarya were revealed in Campbell’s guenon, rhesus monkey, baboon, rabbit, spectacled bear, guanaco, reindeer and bison. Signs for considerable neuropathological alterations in aged bisons also included neuropil threads, whereas AT8 immunoreactivity in the other species was only sparsely scattered. Hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain of an 28-year-old rhesus monkey was also detected by AT100, PHF-1 and TG-3 antibodies, but only in the hippocampal formation and entorhinal cortex, which are known as starting point for tangle spreading in the cortex of Alzheimer patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010000183
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurone loss in the nucleus basalis of meynert in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 65 (1984), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Nucleus basalis of Meynert ; Neuronal loss ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Dementia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a man of 47 with a 2-month history of Creutzfeldt-Jakob-disease verified neuropathologically a morphometric study of the nucleus basalis of Meynert, the major source of cholinergic innervation of the cortex, revealed a neuronal loss of 45%. The degeneration of these neurones may provide the morphological substrate of the cortical cholinergic deficiency which has been reported in this condition. The six subpopulations of the nucleus basalis were affected in different degrees. Neuronal loss was most pronounced in those subpopulations which project to cortical areas most affected by spongiosis and neuronal loss. It is suggested that maintenance of the nucleus basalis complex is a necessary condition for higher cortical function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689832
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of d-amphetamine and amitriptyline administered to pregnant rats on the locomotor activity and neurotransmitters of the offspring (1982)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 77 (1982), S. 371-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Neural development ; Brain amines ; Prenatal administration ; Amitriptyline ; Amphetamine ; Locomotor activity ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract d-Amphetamine and amitriptyline (AT) were administered daily to female rats from day 7 of pregnancy until birth of the litters. Changes in the concentration of the biogenic amines, some of their metabolites, GABA, and the activities of glutamate decarboxylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and choline acetyltransferase were determined in the whole brain of the offspring. The offspring of the amphetamine-treated rats showed a marked increase in serotonin concentration and that of its metabolite on postnatal day 1. Changes in the concentration of GABA were apparent on days 15 and 21 and were inversely correlated with changes in the activity of the synthesizing enzyme: Choline acetyltransferase and AChE activities were also increased at this time. Changes in neurotransmitter metabolism were not so evident in the offspring of rats treated with AT. The locomotor activity of the 8-, 15-, and 21-day offspring was also assessed. The offspring of the amphetamine-treated rats showed enhanced locomotor activity initially, but the activity decreased relative to the age-matched controls in the 21-day group. Offspring from the AT-treated group showed reduced locomotor activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432773
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abstracts (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 104 (1997), S. 1127-1166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01273325
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cholinergic transmission in subcortical and cortical visual centers of rats: No evidence for the involvement of primary optic system (1977)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 27 (1977), S. 211-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Visual system ; Degeneration ; AChE ; Choline acetyltransferase ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of unilateral enucleation, ablation of the visual cortex or coagulation of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) upon the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in different structures of the visual system of albino rats was studied. The localization and extent of the degeneration pattern were followed up by histological silver degeneration methods. Afferents from the retina project mainly contralaterally to the dorsal and ventral LGN, the pretectal region and the superior colliculus. Afferent fibres from the dorsal LGN enter the visual cortex in area 17 only. Neurons of this area project back ipsilaterally to the LGN and the superior colliculus (SC). No significant decrease in the activity of the cholinergic marker enzyme choline acetyltransferase could be observed under any of the experimental conditions; there was rather a tendency to increased activity in the subcortical centres. AChE as a less specific marker also exhibited no gross changes in activity in the lesioned animals. The results add more direct proof to pharmacological and physiological evidence that ACh is not involved in the synaptic transmission of the direct optic projections in rats, either at the subcortical or at the cortical level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237699
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of visual deprivation on neurotransmitter receptor development in the rat visual system (1984)
    Springer
    Neurophysiology 16 (1984), S. 529-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9007
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of monocular deprivation (covering one eye on the 11th posnatal day) and rearing in darkness (the animals were born, developed, and killed with total exclusion of light) on development of β-adrenergic, serotoninergic, muscarinic cholinergic, glutamatergic, and benzodiazepine receptors in primary visual structures (visual cortex, lateral geniculate body, superior colliculus, and retina) was investigated in rats. For quantitative analysis of neurotransmitter receptors, the technique of ligand binding was used. It was shown that monocular deprivation affects the development of β-adrenergic, serotoninergic, and glutaminergic receptors mainly in the lateral geniculate body and retina, whereas rearing in darkness affects mainly the development of serotoninergic receptors in the superior colliculus. The development of receptors of the cholinergic neurotransmitter system is disturbed only temporarily by visual deprivation. Changes found in receptor development after visual deprivation indicate altered activity of different neurotransmitter systems in corresponding visual structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052708
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activities of key glycolytic enzymes in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 106 (1999), S. 499-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; glycolysis ; 6-phosphofructokinase ; glial fibrillary acidic protein.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. The activities of hexokinase, aldolase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were determined in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in age matched controls. For pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase a significant increase in specific activity was found in frontal and temporal cortex of AD brains, while the activities of aldolase and hexokinase are not changed. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was significantly reduced in hippocampus. The increase of some glycolytic enzyme activities is correlated with increased contents of lactate dehydrogenase and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in homogenates of frontal and temporal cortex and elevated phosphofructokinase (PFK) and GFAP in astrocytes from the same brain areas. The data extend previous findings on an increase in brain PFK specific activity in AD and suggest that the increased activity of some glycolytic enzymes may be, at least in part, the result of the reactive astrocytosis developing in the course of AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007020050174
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of APP processing and secretion by okadaic acid in primary guinea pig neurons (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 107 (2000), S. 451-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords: Primary guinea pig neurons, okadaic acid, metabolic labelling, amyloid precursor protein, Aβ peptide, Alzheimer's disease, DNA fragmentation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Primary cultures of guinea pig neurons were used as a model system to study the influence of the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid (OA) on the secretion, processing and phosphorylation of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). This primary cell culture system mimics more closely than other cell culture systems the human in vivo condition, as guinea pig APP is 98% homologous to human APP at the protein level, identical regarding the Aβ sequence and is processed in a similar manner as human APP. Both intracellular and secreted APP was upregulated by OA treatment (0.3 nM–10 nM) of 14 days old cultures in a concentration dependent manner while the amount of Aβ in the medium was decreased. OA treatment did not affect cell membrane integrity of primary neurons but induced DNA fragmentation. Phosphorylation of APP was unchanged by the low OA concentration used. These results show that OA treatment of guinea pig primary cultures might be used as a model to study the effects of modulation of signal transduction on secretion and processing of APP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007020070087
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can neurografts from mice with chromosome 16 trisomy serve as a model of Alzheimer disease? (1999)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 128 (1999), S. 1145-1149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: Alzheimer disease ; neurotransplantation ; immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Basal forebrain regions were transplanted from mouse embryos with chromosome 16 trisomy into the lateral brain ventricle of healthy adult mice. After 1–12 months, the grafts contained immunoreactive choline- and GABAergic neurons and astroglial cells. Quantitative analysis revealed no neurodegenerative changes in these grafts compared to diploid ones. Pronounced infiltration with T and B cells and activation of micro- and astroglia were found in the grafts with chromosome 16 trisomy and in control specimen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02433424
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