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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 29 (1979), S. 251-256 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Cathepsin ; Calcification ; Dentinogenesis ; Proteoglycans
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Cathepsin D was purified from rat liver using a new affinity chromatographic method, based on the coupling to the specific inhibitor pepstatin. This preparation was used for the production of specific antibodies from rabbit. The purified IgG fraction was conjugated to horseradish peroxidase in a two-step coupling procedure and used for electron microscopic immunohistochemistry of the odontoblast-predentine region of the rat incisor. Precipitates, indicating the presence of cathepsin D, were seen in the odontoblast, odontoblast process, and in the extracellular unmineralized matrix, the predentine. The observations are discussed in relation to proteoglycan degradation at the mineralization front simultaneous with crystal formation, and in relation to the function of lysosomal enzymes in the turnover of connective tissue.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Whiplash injury • Spinal ganglia • Neck injury • Cervical spine • Vein plexa ; Schlüsselwörter Schleudertrauma • Spinalganglien • Halsverletzung • Halswirbelsäule • Venenplexus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die mechanische Belastung der Halswirbelsäule (HWS) bei Autounfällen verursacht oft eine Reihe von Halsverletzungen, die unter dem Begriff Schleudertrauma zusammengefaßt werden. Mehrere dieser Symptome können möglicherweise durch Verletzungen im Bereich der Nervenwurzeln der HWS erklärt werden. Die Hypothese wurde aufgestellt, daß während der Extensions- und Flexionsbewegungen des Halses, aufgrund von hämodynamischen Auswirkungen, Änderungen des inneren Volumens des Halswirbelkanals kurzzeitige Druckveränderungen im ZNS verursachen und daß dadurch Gewebeschäden durch die mechanische Belastung der Nervenwurzel entstehen. Um die Hypothese zu überprüfen, wurden anästhesierte Schweine einem experimentellen Schleudertrauma mit Extensions-, Flexions- und Seitneigungsbewegungen ausgesetzt. Die traumatische Belastung wurde unterhalb einer Stufe gehalten, bei der eine Halswirbelfraktur stattfinden könnte. Während der Belastung wurde der Pulsdruck im Halswirbelkanal gemessen. In diesem Zusammenhang ergaben sich Hinweise einer Dysfunktion der Zellmembran bei Nervenzellkörpern der Spinalganglien. Die ganglionären Verletzungen können möglicherweise einige der mit Weichteilverletzungen des Halses nach Autounfällen einhergehenden Symptome erklären. Um die Situation bei einem Auffahrunfall zu simulieren, wurde der Kopf des Schweines rückwärts vom Torso weggezogen. Dabei wurde festgestellt, daß die ganglionären Verletzungen zu einem sehr frühen Zeitpunkt während der Halsbewegungen stattfinden und zwar in der Phase, in der die Bewegung von der Retraktion zur Extension wechselt. Bei einer ähnlichen, jedoch statischen Belastung des Halses wurden keine ganglionären Verletzungen bei den Schweinen festgestellt. Dies ist ein Hinweis darauf, daß diese Verletzungen durch dynamische Faktoren verursacht werden und bietet somit weitere Unterstützung für die Druckhypothese. Auf der Basis eines theoretischen Modells wurden Kriterien für Halsverletzungen (neck injury criterion = NIC) entwickelt. Es weist darauf hin, daß das Risiko von ganglionären Verletzungen am Punkt der maximalen Halsretraktion durch die unterschiedliche horizontale Beschleunigung und Geschwindigkeit zwischen Kopf und oberem Torso bestimmt wird.
    Notizen: Summary Mechanical loading of the cervical spine during car accidents often lead to a number of neck injury symptoms with the common term Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD). Several of these symptoms could possibly be explained by injuries to the cervical spinal nerve root region. It was hypothesised that the changes in the inner volume of the cervical spinal canal during neck extension-flexion motion would cause transient pressure changes in the CNS as a result of hydro-dynamic effects, and thereby mechanically load the nerve roots and cause tissue damage. To test the hypothesis, anaesthetised pigs were exposed to experimental neck trauma in the extension, flexion and lateral flexion modes. The severity of the trauma was kept below the level where cervical fractures occur. Transient pressure pulses in the cervical spinal canal were duly recorded. Signs of cell membrane dysfunction were found in the nerve cell bodies of the cervical spinal ganglia. Ganglion injuries may explain some of the symptoms associated with soft-tissue neck injuries in car accidents. When the pig's head was pulled rearward relative to its torso to resemble a rear-end collision situation, it was found that ganglion injuries occurred very early on in the neck motion, at the stage where the motion changes from retraction to extension motion. Ganglion injuries did not occur when pigs were exposed to similar static loading of the neck. This indicates that these injuries are a result of dynamic phenomena and thereby further supports the pressure hypothesis. A Neck Injury Criterion (NIC) based on a theoretical model of the pressure effects was developed. It indicated that it was the differential horizontal acceleration and velocity between the head and the upper torso at the point of maximum neck retraction that determined the risk of ganglion injuries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 31 (1975), S. 221-223 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine neue Methode zur Präparation der sogenannten «glomerulären Komplexe» aus Kaninchen-Kleinhirn beschrieben, deren komplexe innere Struktur weitgehend intakt bleibt. Mit Hilfe der quantitativen elektronenmikroskopischen Methode wurden über 90% intakter Glomeruli errechnet.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 44 (1978), S. 53-56 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Blood-brain barrier ; Air embolism ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Cerebral cortex ; Electron microscopy ; Carotid artery ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Male albino rats were anaesthetized with diazepam, injected with horseradish peroxidase and Evans blue-labeled albumin and given an embolus of 0.01 ml air in the right common carotid artery after ligation of the external carotid branch. The pial arteries of the right cerebral hemisphere were stained blue, particularly the middle cerebral artery and its main arterial branchlets. Ultrastructurally, some endothelial cells in the right middle cerebral artery, small arteries and arterioles showed a diffuse distribution of horseradish peroxidase in their cytoplasm, although these vessels only occasionally showed peroxidase in their basement membranes. Other endothelial cells in these arterial branchlets showed few if any signs of a diffuse distribution of peroxidase but displayed several pinocytotic vesicles and occasionally trans-endothelial channels filled with peroxidase, sometimes with a slight leakage of peroxidase into adjacent basement membranes and neuropil. Scattered pinocytotic vesicles were observed in capillaries and venules, but there was usually no extravasation of peroxidase around these vessels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Stab wound ; Extravasation ; Injury ; Blood-Brain-Barrier ; EBA Leakage ; Cellular damage
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A small stab wound was made in the frontal lobe of the rat brain in order to study both the acute damage and the restitution of the blood-brain barrier to macromolecules under well-defined experimental conditions. Intravenously administered Evans blue-labelled albumin (EBA) was used as a tracer and the brain sections were observed in a fluorescence microscope. EBA leaked into the neuropil only during the first 3 days after the trauma. The maximal leakage occurred during the first day after the injury. The tracer spread from the area surrounding the stab wound in a reproducible way, initially roughly centrifugally. Nerve and glial cells close to the wound displayed a diffuse fluorescence of their cell bodies 1 to 6 h after the injury, i.e. at times with maximal extravasation of the tracer. A more granular distribution of the tracer was seen in neurons and glial cells at both very short and long times after EBA injection. Thus, the blood-brain barrier lesion induced was reproducible and reversible as judged by the pattern of EBA leakage. Some cells immediately adjacent to the injury had a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution of the tracer complex, in contrast to cells more distant from the injury, having a more granular distribution of the tracer in their cytoplasm. However, the appearance of the fluorescence in neurons and glia was to a large extent dependent upon the time after the injury, at which the cells were exposed to the tracer complex and on the time that had elapsed from the time of injection of the tracer complex to the sacrifice of the animal. Thus, it seems likely that two factors contribute to the appearance of the neuronal EBA distribution: on one hand the location and possibly extent of cellular damage of the cell, and on the other hand, the time and amount of EBA to which the cells were exposed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 55 (1980), S. 29-34 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The present state of electrocoagulation is reviewed, and recommendations for the use of bipolar coagulation are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 55 (1980), S. 35-42 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Conventional suction systems for neurosurgery are assessed against the background of findings in experimental investigations. Criteria for optimum suction are proposed. The advantages of a modified suction system for neurosurgery are discussed, and recommendations are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Rabbit antisera against native human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I; somatomedin C) or a synthetic tetradeca peptide, representing the carboxyterminal amino acids 57–70 of human IGF-I, were used to map immunohistochemically the distribution of IGF-I immunoreactive material in adult rats. Both antisera were specific for IGF-I, as characterized by immunoabsorption, immunoblotting and radioimmunoassay. There was no cross-reactivity to IGF-II, relaxin or pro-insulin; substances having a high degree of structural homology with IGF-I. High IGF-I immunoreactivity was observed in spermatocytes of the testis; in oocytes, granulosa and theca interna cells of the ovary during early stages of follicle development; in some lymphocytes and in reticular cells of lymphoid and hematopoetic organs; in salivary gland duct cells; in the adrenal medulla, the parathyroid gland and the Langerhans' islets. Chondrocytes in the epiphyseal and rib growth plates and at articular surfaces showed strong IGF-I immunoreactivity. Brown but not white fat cells were stained. Nerve cells in the peripheral and autonomic nervous system showed faint to intense IGF-I immunoreactivity. In contrast, neurons and neuroglial cells in the central nervous system were generally negative; motor neurons being an exception. Erythropoeitic, trombocytopoeitic and myeloic cells in the bone marrow showed IGF-I immunoreactivity, but only at defined developmental stages. Hepatocytes showed faint IGF-I immunoreactivity, but became more intensely stained after pretreatment with colchicine. The present results suggest that IGF-I is synthetized by cells in several tissues and organs in the adult rat. There was an apparent association between the localization of IGF-I and cell differentiation. Certain cells involved in secretory processes also displayed high IGF-I immunoreactivity. The wide distribution of IGF-I indicates that the circulating pool of IGF-I has multiple origins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 159 (1975), S. 233-243 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Odontoblasts ; Predentine ; Dentine ; Calcification ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A scanning electron microscopic technique was used to investigate the surface structure of dentinogenically active odontoblasts. Thin pieces of rat incisors were fixed, rapidly frozen, freezedried at -70° C and fractured to expose new surfaces prior to examination in the SEM. Differences in the appearance of odontoblastic cell surfaces were seen, with the most extensive ridge formations at the distal part of the sides of the odontoblasts. The predentine area displayed a spongy structure which contrasted to the compact appearance of dentine. Results are discussed in relation to previous studies at the light microscopic and transmission electron microscopic levels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 35-47 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Microtubules ; Barbiturates ; Axonal transport ; Polymerization ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Barbiturates were examined for in vitro effects on ultrastructure of the frog sciatic system and polymerization of microtubules (MT) in a brain supernatant. Exposure for 5–17 h to 2.0 mM barbiturates caused a considerable loss of MT in ganglionic cell bodies and sciatic axons. This was mostly followed by a proliferation of 10 nm filaments. Under similar conditions treatment with 1 mM NaCN or 0.1 mM 2,4-DNP did not change the number or ultrastructure of MT and filaments. Eight barbiturates, varying in binding ratios to serum albumin and partition coefficients, were tested for effects on polymerization of MT using viscometry. Inhibitory effects were found which correlated with their reported ability to bind to albumin and brain fractions. Dimethylsulphoxide and ethanol were used as solvents for some of the barbiturates. These solvents at 1% had stabilizing effects on MT. The present results are discussed in relation to previous findings of inhibition of rapid axonal transport in vitro in the frog sciatic system by barbiturates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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