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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a fluorescent x-ray source for medical imaging : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1981-1983 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A fluorescent x-ray source for medical imaging, such as K-edge subtraction angiography and monochromatic x-ray CT, has been developed. Using a 6.5 GeV accumulation ring in Tsukuba, fluorescent x rays, which range from about 30 to 70 keV are generated by irradiating several target materials. Measurements have been made of output intensities and energy spectra for different target angles and extraction angles. The intensities of fluorescent x rays at a 30 mA beam current are on the order of 1–3×106 photons/mm2/s at 30 cm from the local spot where the incident beam is collimated to 1 mm2. A phantom which contains three different contrast media (iodine, barium, gadolinium) was used for the K-edge energy subtraction, and element selective CT images were obtained. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145776
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave-mode analyzer with dispersive reflector antenna (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 3167-3173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new method is developed for mode analysis of microwaves propagating in an oversize waveguide. A curved reflector is used to disperse the different modes in different directions. The locations of the mode powers are systematically distributed on an intercepting absorber plane. An infrared camera is used for quick visual analysis of the mode map produced as a temperature distribution on the absorber sheet. Detailed analysis is also made by numerically processing the image data. Polarizations of the constituent modes can be determined with a rotated microwave receiver. Usefulness of this method is experimentally demonstrated by comparison with other techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142570
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermographic temperature determination of gray materials with an infrared camera in different environments (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 2422-2427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In conventional infrared (IR) thermographic cameras it is normally assumed that the ambient temperatures of optical objects are the same as the temperature determined at the camera head. In increasing cases of application of thermography, this assumption is not always satisfied, and often leads to erroneous results. In this article, we propose a determination scheme of the true temperature of such objects in an explicit form of equation to be solved by combining the readout temperature of the camera with a response function of the camera to a blackbody. The equation can be used to determine optical properties of components in an IR system. It also works to evaluate the contribution coming from each element along the optical path. Though the scheme is written in a form applicable to a specific camera among commercial products, it can be modified so that conventional IR cameras are conveniently used for thermographic determination of the temperature of gray objects in exotic environments. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148127
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a semiconductor detector for measurement of high energy end loss ions from a tandem mirror (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1433-1437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A semiconductor detector is applied for measurement of high energy end loss ions (E≥15 keV) from a tandem mirror. Its energy sensitivity to protons calibrated by using a monochromatic ion source is found to be the same as that to electrons. The semiconductor detector is installed on an end wall of the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror and high energy end loss ions are observed with the detector when ions in the confinement region are strongly heated by ion cyclotron waves. Counts of high energy end loss ions are closely related with a diamagnetic signal representing ion heating. The energy of the end loss ions spreads with time and attains to 50–60 keV. Time behavior of the ion count suggests that unknown loss processes other than classical Coulomb scattering are relevant to ion end loss. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147629
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current–voltage characteristics of the end loss ion flux from a tandem mirror collected on a gridded energy analyzer (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 2207-2214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Examination is made of the relation between the distribution function of the ions confined in a tandem mirror and the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the end loss ions collected on a gridded energy analyzer. To do this, a model ion distribution function characterized by two parameters, an anisotropy parameter χ and a decay parameter Y is used. The decay parameter represents depletion of ion distribution in the loss cone. A Maxwellian distribution as the limit of Y=∞ is shown not to reproduce the measured I–V curve as an energy spectrum of the ions lost from the central cell of the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror [Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 939 (1985)]. The ions in the central cell are subject to strong ICRH and have a highly anisotropic velocity distribution. These ions are deeply trapped in the central cell and the loss cone is not fully occupied. The model distribution with a small value of Y represents such features of the ion distribution. From comparison between a measured loss current and calculated one, the decay parameter of the model distribution function is roughly determined. The model distribution with this parameter yields I–V characteristics similar to the measured one. The present article gives the relation between the apparent ion temperature Ti simply determined from the slope of the log plot of the measured I–V curve and the real parallel ion temperature Ti(parallel). When the ion distribution is of a loss cone type, Ti is almost equal to Ti(parallel). On the other hand, Ti can be more than two times as high as Ti(parallel) if the ion distribution is Maxwellian-like. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147038
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low frequency fluctuations measured by probes in the GAMMA10 tandem mirror : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 979-982 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In the limited regions of operation of the GAMMA10 tandem mirror, a saturation or a reduction of the stored energy in the central cell is sometimes observed. By using electrostatic and magnetic probes, the low frequency (〈1 MHz) fluctuations are studied in relation to plasma parameters. Dominant fluctuations are identified to be flute type and drift type modes. Magnetic fluctuations, of which frequency is much lower than the ion cyclotron frequency, are newly observed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149420
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new gas purifier for ArF excimer lasers (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 658-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have developed a new gas purifier for ArF excimer lasers that can remove all the impurities from degraded ArF excimer laser gas. We found that cooled activated charcoal at temperatures below −50 °C effectively removes CF4, which is the preponderant impurity generated in ArF excimer laser gas mixtures. We also demonstrated that the new gas purifier can regenerate the ArF excimer laser gas up to its initial purity level after about 1×109 shots of operation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146837
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathologic prognostic factors in stage IIb cervical carcinoma treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic-node dissection — an analysis with mathematical statistics (1993)
    238 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA : Blackwell Scientific Publications
    International journal of gynecological cancer 3 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1438
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Of 107 patients with stage IIb cervical cancer who underwent laparotomy, 82 (77%) could be treated with radical hysterectomy (RAH) and pelvic-node dissection (PND). The remaining 25 patients were unsuitable for radical surgery because of para-aortic lymph node metastases, direct cancer invasion into the bladder muscle, and/or fixed enlarged pelvic lymph nodes (PLN): Such patients were treated with radiation therapy after laparotomy. Fifty-nine of RAH patients were given postoperative pelvic radiation because they had PLN metastases, parametrial invasion, and/or full thickness cervical stromal invasion. The overall 5-year survival of the patients undergoing RAH was significantly better than that of those who could not be treated with RAH (P 〈 0.001). In the RAH patients, parametrial invasion, which clinically defines stage IIb, was found only in 45%. Univariate analysis of histopathologic prognostic factors revealed that PLN metastasis, parametrial invasion, adenocarcinoma, and lymph-vascular space invasion significantly affected survival of the RAH patients (P 〈 0.05). Multivariate analysis using Cox’s proportional hazards regression model, however, selected only PLN metastasis as a strong prognostic factor (P 〈 0.001). Concerning PLN metastasis patients with two or more positive nodal groups vs. 49%, P 〈 0.0001). The logistic regression analysis revealed that tumor diameter, parametrial invasion and lymph-vascular space invasion were independently correlated with PLN metastases in two or more nodal groups. The present data suggest that (i) the patients with massive pelvic extension of cancer cannot be cured by radiation therapy alone, (ii) the strong determinant of the prognosis of the patients undergoing RAH and PND is PLN metastasis. Therefore, for these patients with poor prognosic factors, other treatment modalities should be considered. From the present study it seems that planning RAH and PND for patients with stage IIb disease might make it possible to select poor prognostic subgroups, who have extra cervical extension or PLN metastases in two or more groups, and be useful in individualizing treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1438.1993.03040219.x
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endometrial carcinoma in women aged 40 years or younger: a Japanese experience (1993)
    238 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA : Blackwell Scientific Publications
    International journal of gynecological cancer 3 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1438
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report on the clinical and pathologic findings in 17 cases of endometrial carcinoma in Japanese women aged 40 years or younger. Age of the patients ranged from 16 to 40 years, with a median of 35 years. Nine of 17 tumors (52.9%) were stage I or II (FIGO 1988) but 8 (47.1%) were stage III. Four of the 8 patients with stage III disease had pelvic lymph node metastases and one also had para-aortic lymph node metastasis. One patient had metastasis to the ovary and peritoneal cytology was positive in 4 patients. Histologically, 13 of these 17 patients had endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 3 had adenoacanthoma and 1 had an undifferentiated carcinoma. Ten were well differentiated tumors (G1), 3 were moderately differentiated tumors (G2), and 4 were poorly differentiated tumors (G3). Nine of 17 (52.9%) showed deep myometrial invasion (more than a half of the myometrium) and 5 of 17 (29.4%) demonstrated lymphatic/vascular space invasion. Pelvic and para-aortic lymph node metastases were seen in 4 of 15 (26.7%) and 1 of 15 (6.7%), respectively. Two of these 17 patients died of disease in a relatively short follow-up period. In our experience there is no difference in the survival rates between patients aged 40 years or younger and those over 40 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1438.1993.03030147.x
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma with massive pleural effusions (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of gynecological cancer 1 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1438
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Imachi M, Tsukamoto N, Shimamoto T, Kamura T, Saito T, Nakano H. Treatment of patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma with massive pleural effusions. Int J Gynecol Cancer 1991; 1: 263–267.Twelve patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma who had massive pleural effusions were treated between 1985 and 1989. Clinical stages of these patients were stage IIa, 1 and stage IV, 11. Histologic diagnoses were six serous adenocarcinomas, three endometrioid carcinomas, one mucinous adenocarcinoma, one clear cell carcinoma, and one squamous cell carcinoma. Massive pleural effusions were noted in the chest roentgenograms in all patients. Eight patients had effusions in pleural cavity, and four in both. The volumes of fluid removed from the pleural cavities ranged from 440 to 3650 ml, with a mean of 1905 ml. Eleven patients (92%) had malignant cells in their pleural effusions. Before surgery, all patients received thoracocentesis, and nine of them underwent continuous drainage by thoracic tubes. Eleven patients were given cis-platinum-containing chemotherapy after operation. Seven patients died of disease within two years. However, four patients underwent second-look operation and showed no evidence of residual disease. Malignant pleural effusions in ovarian carcinoma showed a good response to cis-platinum containing systematic chemotherapy. From the above results, it is concluded that under the drainage of pleural effusions debulking surgery followed by systematic chemotherapy is useful for patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas and massive pleural effusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1438.1991.tb00053.x
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