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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition (in vitro) of replication and of the cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus by an extract of the culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia (1988)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 177 (1988), S. 235-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An extract of culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia (LEM) was prepared. This was further fractionated by 50% ethanol precipitation and both the resulting product, E-P-LEM, and LEM were studied to evaluate their effect on the activity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. The experiments were performed using either a cell-free infection system with MT-4 cells, or a cell-to-cell infection system with MOLT-4 cells, which induces multinucleated giant cells very efficiently. E-P-LEM almost completely blocked both the cytopathic effect of giant cell formation and specific antigen expression due to HIV, whereas LEM before ethanol precipitation blocked the expression of HIV antigen in MT-4 cells only at a high concentration. Pretreatment of the virus with E-P-LEM before infection blocked HIV infection in the target cells. Thus, the inhibitory effect of LEM and E-P-LEM on HIV could be due to a blocking of the initial stages of HIV infection. Moreover, reverse transcriptase activity of avian myeloblastosis virus was inhibited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189409
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of polymorphisms within the human IL10 receptor cDNA gene sequence by RT-PCR RFLP (1997)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 46 (1997), S. 439-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050301
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of the interferon-γ receptor variant (Val14Met) with systemic lupus erythematosus (1999)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 49 (1999), S. 266-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words IFN-γ receptor (IFN-γR) ; Genetic Polymorphism ; Susceptibility ; Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ; Th1/Th2 balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Genetic factors seem to play a significant role in susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the amino acid polymorphism (Val14Met) found within the IFN-γ receptor gene (IFNGR1) plays a prominent role in susceptibility to SLE. We found Val14Met located at the COOH terminal of the signal peptide of the IFN-γ receptor. There was a significant difference in this polymorphism frequency between SLE patients and healthy populations. To clarify whether this amino acid substitution resulted in the alteration of the receptor function, we evaluated the induction of HLA-DR antigen expression on B cells by IFN-γ stimulation. There was also a significant difference in the induction of HLA-DR by IFN-γ stimulation between B cells. Furthermore, an intracellular cytokine assay indicated that the Th1/Th2 balance of Th cells bearing the variant receptor shifted to Th2. The genetic polymorphism found within the IFN-γ receptor gene (Val14Met) may result in a shift to Th2, and this shift may increase susceptibility to SLE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050492
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute and subacute inhalation toxicity of dichlorosilane in male ICR mice (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 70 (1996), S. 218-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Dichlorosilane ; Semiconductor ; Inhalation toxicity ; Respiratory tract ; Squamous metaplasia ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Using male ICR mice, the LC50 and acute and subacute inhalation toxicity of dichlorosilane (SiH2Cl2, DCS) and the fate of DCS released into the air were investigated. DCS resolved and minute particles including silicon and chloride were observed, when DCS was released into the air. Most particles were under 1 micron in diameter. The LC50 of DCS at 4-h exposure was 144 ppm (nominal concentration). In the acute inhalation study, ten mice in each group were exposed to 64 ppm (nominal concentration) DCS for 1, 2, 4 or 8 h. Body weight loss, wheezing and piloerection were observed in mice exposed for 2 h or more. Histopathologically, injury to the nasal mucosa and trachea were observed in all exposed mice. Mice exposed to 32 ppm (nominal concentration) DCS for 2 or 4 weeks also exhibited depression of body weight gain, wheezing and piloerection. Squamous metaplasia of the nasal mucosa and tracheal epithelium was observed in both 2- and 4-week exposure groups. Exposure to DCS was irritant or corrosive to the respiratory tract with both acute and subacute inhalation. Apart from silane (SiH4), toxic effects of DCS seem to be characterized by chloride compounds derived from DCS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050263
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axonal trajectories of posterior canal-activated secondary vestibular neurons and their coactivation of extraocular and neck flexor motoneurons in the cat (1988)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 70 (1988), S. 181-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Axonal branching ; Vestibulo-ocular ; Vestibulo-collic ; Neck motoneurons ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Unit activities of 148 secondary vestibular neurons related to the posterior semicircular canal were recorded extracellularly in anesthetized cats. Axonal projections of these neurons were examined by their antidromic responses to stimulation of the excitatory target motoneurons of the contralateral (c-) inferior rectus muscle (IR) and bilateral (bi-) motoneuron pools of longus capitis muscles, neck flexors, in the C1 segment (C1LC). The neurons were classified into 4 groups according to their axonal projections. The first group of neurons, termed vestibulo-oculo-collic (VOC) neurons, sent axon collaterals both to the c-IR motoneuron pool and to the c-C1LC motoneuron pool. The majority of them (72%) were located in the descending nucleus. The second group of neurons were termed vestibuloocular (VO) neurons and sent their axons to the c-IR motoneuron pool but not to the cervical cord. Most of them (86%) were located in the medial nucleus. The third group of neurons, termed vestibulo-collic (contralateral) (VCc) neurons, sent axons to the cC 1LC motoneuron pool via the contralateral ventral funiculus but not to the oculomotor nuclei. They were mostly (75%) found in the descending nucleus. The last group of neurons were vestibulo-collic (ipsilateral) (VCi) neurons, which gave off axons to the ipsilateral (i-) C1LC motoneuron pool via the ipsilateral ventral funiculus but not to the oculomotor nuclei. One of them also sent an axon collateral to the c-C1LC motoneuron pool. The majority of them (74%) were located in the ventral part of the lateral nucleus. It was also observed in some of the VOC and VCi neurons that they produced unitary EPSPs in the c-C1LC and i-C1LC motoneurons, respectively. Their synaptic sites were estimated to be on the cell somata and/or proximal dendrites of the motoneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271859
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of diltiazem on the pharmacokinetics of propranolol, metoprolol and atenolol (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 67-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: diltiazem ; propranolol ; metoprolol ; atenolol ; pharmacokinetics ; drug interaction ; beta-adrenoceptor blockade ; healthy volunteers ; pharmacodynamic effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic interaction between diltiazem and three β-adrenoceptor blockers propranolol, metoprolol and atenolol was investigated in healthy volunteers given diltiazem 30 mg or placebo t.d.s. for 3 days, followed by a single dose of propranolol 20 mg, metoprolol 40 mg or atenolol 50 mg. The AUCs of propranolol and metoprolol were significantly increased after diltiazem and it significantly prolonged the elimination half-life of metoprolol. In contrast, it did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of atenolol. Propranolol significantly decreased the resting pulse rate after diltiazem pretreatment as compared to placebo. The results indicate that diltiazem impaired the clearance of propranolol and metoprolol, which are principally metabolized by an oxidative pathway, and that the kinetic interaction between diltiazem and propranolol may partly be related to the significant reduction in the pulse rate produced by the latter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561026
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circadian influence on effect of propranolol on exercise-induced tachycardia in healthy subjects (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 133-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: propranolol ; chronopharmacology ; exercise-induced tachycardia ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy volunteers ; gastio-intestinal absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following a cross-over design propranolol 20 mg p.o. was given to 7 healthy subjects at 09.00 h and 21.00 h at an interval of 1 week. Heart rate (HR) during submaximal ergometer exercise was measured at four intervals during 10 h after treatment. Plasma propranolol concentrations were also determined. The suppressive effect (%R) of propranolol on the rise in HR during exercise after the morning dosage was significantly greater at 1.5 h and tended to be greater 3 h after administration than at comparable times in the evening trial. Mean plasma propranolol concentrations during the early phase were higher after the morning than the evening dose. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 10 h (AUC (0–10)) and absorption rate constant (ka) were significantly greater after the morning dose. The time to maximum concentration (tmax) and elimination half-life (t1/2) of the morning and evening dosages did not differ. A significant correlation was observed between plasma propranolol concentration and %R in HR during exercise in the morning (r=0.74) and evening (r=0.63) trials, and the regression lines of the morning and evening treatments did not differ. The data indicate that the suppressive effect of propranolol on exercise-induced tachycardia was relatively greater after a morning than an evening dose; that propranolol was more rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after the morning than the evening dosage; that diurnal changes in the activity of propranolol depend in part on the time of administration and its subsequent effect on plasma concentrations of the drug; and that the antagonist activity of propranolol relative to a given drug concentration may not differ between morning and evening treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265971
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning of thi-4, a gene necessary for the biosynthesis of thiamine in Neurospora crassa (1996)
    Springer
    Current genetics 30 (1996), S. 62-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words  Neurospora crassa ; Thiamine ; thi-4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   The thiamine-4 (thi-4) gene was cloned by functional complementation of a thi-4 mutant of Neurospora crassa. The product of this gene is believed to be involved in the condensation of pyrimidine and thiazole precursors, which is necessary for the synthesis of thiamine. The thi-4 gene has ten introns which vary in length from 57 to 200 bp and the junction and internal (lariat) sequences are in good agreement with the consensus sequences for the splicing of introns in N. crassa. The thi-4 gene encodes a protein of 538 amino acids which is similar in terms of amino-acid sequence to proteins encoded by Saccharomyces cerevisiae whose function is unknown. The expression of the thi-4 gene in N. crassa was not repressed by thiamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050101
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of Point Defects Introduced by Proton Irradiation on Positron Annihilation in Si (1992)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 105-110 (Jan. 1992), p. 925-928 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/59/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.105-110.925.pdf
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental Study of Intracisternal Administration of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Followed by Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage in the Ultra-Early Stage of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 141 (1999), S. 1331-1338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid drainage; vasospasm; tissue-type plasminogen activator; cellulose acetate polymer.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary ¶ This experimental study evaluated the effect of intrathecal injection of tissue-type plasminogen activator followed by cisternal drainage in the ultra-early stage of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage to prevent vasospasm.  Twenty Japanese white rabbits were divided into five groups. Either tPA (groups A, B, and E) or saline (groups C and D) was injected intrathecally 1 hour (groups A, B, C, and D) or 21 hours (group E) after the intrathecal injection of blood. Cerebrospinal fluid was drained 2, 4, and 6 hours after the intrathecal injection of blood (groups A, C, and E).  On day 4, the angiographic caliber of the basilar artery in each group was as follows (mean±SD): A, 85.9±5.0%; B, 74.6±5.3%; C, 69.1±2.7%; D, 64.0±4.9%; E, 80.2±2.7% (compared with baseline). In the two groups in which CSF was drained (groups A and C), fibrinolysis with tPA significantly suppressed vasospasm. In the two groups treated with tPA (groups A and B), cisternal drainage significantly suppressed vasospasm. In the two groups treated with saline (groups C and D), however, cisternal drainage did not suppress vasospasm. Examination of the series of CSF samples (groups A and C) showed that fibrinolysis with tPA effectively cleared clots early. In the two groups treated with tPA and CSF drainage (groups A and E), early removal of subarachnoid clots reduced the degree of vasospasm.  Early fibrinolysis with tPA and early removal of subarachnoid clots by drainage is effective for preventing vasospasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050438
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