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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 920-923 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: ACE-inhibitors ; Calcium antagonists ; Beta-blockers ; Diuretics ; Drug treatment of hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors combined with diuretics and, if necessary, with calcium antagonists can be used with good success for the treatment of otherwise resistant hypertension. Calcium antagonists are an alternative for physically active hypertensive patients who complain of muscular fatigue during treatment with beta-receptor-blocking agents. The calcium antagonist nifedipine has made the treatment of hypertensive emergencies much easier than with the use of clonidine and particularly sodium nitroprusside. In order to determine the place of ACE-inhibitors and of calcium antagonists in the treatment of hypertension-particularly in comparison with beta-blockers and diuretics- controlled long-term studies on the prognosis of patients with mild to moderate hypertension and on the incidence of side effects would be required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) ; Normal values ; Office blood pressure ; Hypertension ; Reference data
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 1039 subjects ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed to define threshold values, which are equivalent to the established limits of the office blood pressure. Mean values and proportions of elevated single readings were correlated to office blood pressure by regression analyses. To avoid impact of varying sleeping periods on 24 h blood pressure, only daytime readings were considered. Correlations between average daytime blood pressure and office blood pressure were linear: Mean daytime values of 135 mmHg (systolic) and of 84 mmHg (diastolic) were equivalent to the casual blood pressure limits of 140 mmHg and 90 mmHg. Correlations between percentages of elevated single readings and office blood pressure were nonlinear: Proportions of 25% systolic readings 〉 140 mmHg and of 17% diastolic readings 〉 90 mmHg were equivalent to casual blood pressure limits of 140 mmHg and 90 mmHg. On the basis of the regression equations, any result of ambulatory blood pressure recording during daytime can now be evaluated in terms of the established standards of office blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 320-323 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Blood pressure ; Hypertension ; Sleep ; Waking up ; Antihypertensive therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The coincidence of the circadian peak of cardiovascular events with the morning blood pressure rise suggests causal connections. Rapidly acting antihypertensives taken before getting up may attenuate the increase early enough, if the onset does not occur before awakening. In 111 normotensives and in 109 subjects with untreated essential hypertension ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed to study whether the onset of the blood pressure rise occurs before or after waking up. The individual 24 h blood pressure profiles obtained by intermittent readings at intervals of 15 minutes were synchronized by the time of waking up. The resulting blood pressure curves showed no substantial blood pressure rise during sleep, but steep increases after awakening: Within the first hour after waking up blood pressure increased from 107.3+11.4/62.3±9.6 mm Hg (mean+sd) to 121.4±16.0/75.3+12.6 mm Hg in normotension and from 124.7+16.0/72.7+12.2 mm Hg to 140.3+17.2/84.5+13.3 mm Hg in hypertension. The velocity of this increase was dependent on the lag between waking up and getting up. There was no phase difference between early morning blood pressure and heart rate rises. Thus to attenuate the morning blood pressure increase, rapidly acting drugs after awakening may be considered instead of long acting antihypertensives administered prior to sleep.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 253 (1966), S. 80-81 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 264 (1969), S. 296-297 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. S39 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Carvedilol ; Celiprolol ; Labetalol ; Dual-acting drugs ; Hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary There are now several antihypertensive agents with dual actions. Among these, labetalol has been studied most extensively. The drug has a place in the chronic treatment of hypertension and in the therapy of hypertensive emergencies. Carvedilol, now available in Germany, has been shown to be effective in different forms of hypertension. Celiprolol binds to beta 1- and beta 2-receptors. This drug also binds to alpha 2-receptors. It is not clear, at present, whether or not this binding property contributes to its antihypertensive effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 142-147 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Erythropoietin ; Acute renal failure ; Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study, erythropoietin serum levels were serially determined in eight patients with acute renal failure to get a lead on the etiology of anemia in acute renal failure and to address the relationship between erythropoietin synthesis and renal excretory performance. Erythropoietin serum levels rapidly decreased after onset of acute renal failure to values of 12.8 ± 10.3 mU/ml compared to 16.8 ± 9.4 mU/ml in healthy controls. After restoration of renal function, erythropoietin levels climbed slowly in six patients (15.2 ±5.3 mU/ml), and in relation to prolonged anemia in these patients, a relative deficiency of erythropoietin could be observed. In one patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura causing acute renal failure, the decline of erythropoietin secretion was not observed, and in a phase of the disease when plasma exchange therapy was interrupted, markedly increased erythropoietin levels, up to 182 mU/ml, were detected despite the renal failure. Focusing on erythropoietin secretion in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, we followed hormone synthesis in two other patients with the same disease, one of whom had mild renal insufficiency and one had normal renal function. High erythropoietin levels of up to 205 mU/ml were found in these patients, similar to the peak levels found in the patient with complete renal failure. Plasmapheresis treatment reduced erythropoietin production in all three patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. In summary, our study indicates that in most cases of acute renal failure, erythropoietin synthesis is compromised and may contribute to the development of anemia in renal failure and aggravate the persistence of anemia after restoration of renal function. Comparing erythropoietin production in patients with acute renal failure and in those with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with varying renal involvement we conclude that erythropoietin secretion is not closely linked to renal excetory performance, and that hemolysis or other stimuli in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura can override the decline of erythropoietin production implied by renal failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 61 (1989), S. 463-466 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Shift work ; Night shift ; Blood pressure ; 24-h blood pressure monitoring ; Circadian rhythm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The dependence of blood pressure upon internal rhythms and the short-term effects of shift rota on the blood pressure were investigated in shift workers. Blood pressure was measured every 30 min using automatic recorders for 24 h in 17 physically working men in a chemical factory during their morning and night shifts. Mean 24-h blood pressures were identical in the morning and night shifts. There were no differences of the mean blood pressure between the respective sleeping phases or between the working periods. The amplitudes of circadian blood pressure variations were equal. There was a phase difference of 8 h corresponding to the lag between the working periods. At this 8-h lag the hourly means of the 24-h blood pressure were closely correlated (r = 0.69). Comparisons of 24-h blood pressure profiles during the first and last days of a night shift week showed that the effects of night work on the blood pressure were already fully developed within the first 24h (r = 0.86). Thus the diurnal variations of the blood pressure are determined by the working and sleeping periods and largely independent of endogenous rhythm. There is no short-term alteration of the mean 24-h blood pressure after shift rota.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 253 (1966), S. 78-79 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 253 (1966), S. 484-494 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The influence of adrenaline and the beta adrenergic blocking agent 1-(3-methylphenoxy)-2-hydroxy-3-isopropyl-amino-propane (MHIP; Kö 592) on 42K exchange and on intracellularly recorded potentials was studied on isolated guinea-pig left atria. MHIP (10−7 and 10−5 g/ml) decreased both 42K uptake and 42K release of atria stimulated electrically. The effects of pronethalol (1.02·10−5 g/ml) and of quinidine (1.62·10−5 g/ml) were similar to those of MHIP. The 42K release of resting preparations was not altered by 10−5 g/ml MHIP. MHIP 10−5 g/ml slightly decreased the K concentration of left atria driven electrically, whereas the Na concentration, the water content and the inulin space were not altered. However 10−7 g/ml MHIP did not influence the K concentration. Adrenaline (5·10−7 g/ml) significantly increased the 42K release of left atria stimulated electrically. This effect of adrenaline was abolished by pretreatment of the preparations with 5·10−8 g/ml MHIP. This concentration of MHIP did not alter the 42K release of electrically driven preparations, but it reduced the positive inotropic effect of 5·10−7 g/ml adrenaline. Quinidine (1.62·10−5 g/ml) did not decrease the effect of adrenaline 5·10−7 g/ml on 42K release. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that adrenaline acts on atrial muscle by increasing the membrane permeability for cations and that beta adrenergic blocking agents inhibit this effect of adrenaline. In left atria driven electrically, 5·10−7 g/ml adrenaline increased the resting potential and decreased the duration of the action potential measured at a repolarisation of 90%. MHIP (5·10−8 g/ml) did not change these parameters. However, after pretreatment of the preparations with 5·10−8 g/ml MHIP, adrenaline 5·10−7 g/ml increased the duration of the action potential and did not change the resting potential. The influence of adrenaline on electrophysiological data and the blockade of the adrenaline action on the resting potential by MHIP fit well with the tracer studies reported above. The prolongation of the action potential by adrenaline after pretreatment of the atria with MHIP cannot be explained by these studies.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An isolierten linken Meerschweinchenvorhöfen wurde der Einfluß des Adrenalins und der β-Receptoren blockierenden Substanz 1-(3-Methylphenoxy)-2-hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropan (MHIP; Kö 592) auf den K-Umsatz und auf elektrophysiologische Meßgrößen, die mit Hilfe der Mikroelektrodentechnik bestimmt wurden, untersucht. MHIP (10−7 und 10−5 g/ml) hemmte die 42K-Abgabe und die 42K-Aufnahme elektrisch gereizter Präparate. An ruhenden Vorhöften beeinflußte MHIP (10−5 g/ml) die 42K-Abgabe nicht. Unter dem Einfluß von Pronethalol (1,02·10−5 g/ml) und von Chinidin (1,62·10−5 g/ml) war die 42K-Abgabe elektrisch gereizter Vorhöfe ebenfalls verlangsamt. Der K-Gehalt elektrisch gereizter Präparate nahm nach 10−5 g/ml MHIP geringfügig ab, während Änderungen des Na-Gehaltes, des Wassergehaltes und des Inulinraums nicht nachweisbar waren. 10−7 g/ml MHIP beeinflußte auch den K-Gehalt der Präparate nicht. 5·10−7 g/ml Adrenalin beschleunigte die 42K-Abgabe elektrisch gereizter linker Meerschweinchenvorhöfe. Diese Adrenalinwirkung wurde durch 5·10−8 g/ml MHIP aufgehoben. In diesers Konzentration beeinflußte MHIP selbst die 42K-Abgabe elektrisch gereizter Präparate nicht, hemmte jedoch die positiv inotrope Wirkung von 5·10−7 g/ml Adrenalin. 1,62·10−5 g/ml Chinidin beeinflußte die Wirkung von 5·10−7 g/ml Adrenalin auf die 42K-Abgabe nicht. Diese Versuche stützen die Vorstellung, daß eine wesentliche Adrenalinwirkung am Vorhof die Erhöhung der Membranpermeabilität für Kationen ist, und daß β-Receptoren blockierende Substanzen diese Adrenalinwirkung hemmen. 5·10−7 g/ml Adrenalin erhöhte an elektrisch gereizten linken Meerschweinchenvorhöfen das Ruhepotential und verkürzte die Aktionspotentialdauer bei 90% Repolarisation. 5·10−8 g/ml MHIP veränderte beide Meßgrößen nicht. Nach Vorbehandlung der Präparate mit 5·10−8 g/ml MHIP verlängerte 5·10−7 g/ml Adrenalin die Aktionspotentialdauer bei 90% Repolarisation, während das Ruhepotential unverändert blieb. Abgesehen von der Verlängerung der Aktionspotentialdauer bei 90% Repolarisation durch Adrenalin nach Vorbehandlung der Vorhöfe mit MHIP können die Veränderungen der elektrophysiologischen Meßgrößen durch die Änderungen des K-Austausches erklärt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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