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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 5419-5424 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using numerical simulation techniques, the transmission and reflection coefficients, or S parameters, for left-handed metamaterials are calculated. Metamaterials consist of a lattice of conducting, nonmagnetic elements that can be described by an effective magnetic permeability μeff and an effective electrical permittivity cursive-epsiloneff, both of which can exhibit values not found in naturally occurring materials. Because the electromagnetic fields in conducting metamaterials can be localized to regions much smaller than the incident wavelength, it can be difficult to perform accurate numerical simulations. The metamaterials simulated here, for example, are based on arrays of split ring resonators (SRRs), which produce enhanced and highly localized electric fields within the gaps of the elements in response to applied time dependent fields. To obtain greater numerical accuracy we utilize the newly developed commercially available code MICROWAVE STUDIO, which is based on the finite integration technique with the perfect boundary approximation. The simulation results are in agreement with published experimental results for the frequencies and bandwidths of the propagation and stop bands associated with the various structures. We further analyze the properties of an individual SRR, and find the dependence of the resonant frequency on the SRR radius, ring thickness, inner/outer radial gap, azimuthal gap, electrical permittivity, and magnetic permeability of the components' materials. Comparison with previously published analytical estimates shows only approximate agreement with the simulation results. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 46 (1942), S. 902-910 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 46 (1942), S. 891-902 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    The @Social Science Journals 28 (1991), S. 481-487 
    ISSN: 0362-3319
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 213 (1972), S. 31-47 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über histologische Befunde an 74 Placenten von Schwangerschaften nach EPH-Gestose berichtet. Die EPH-Gestosen wurden in Anlehnung an das Schema der Organisation Gestose [30] in drei Schweregrade eingeteilt. Die bei den mittelgradigen und schweren EPH-Gestosen erhobenen morphologischen Befunde wurden zu der Dauer der Gestosesymptomatik in Beziehung gesetzt und im Zusammenhang mit den heute geltenden Theorien über die Entstehung der EPH-Gestose diskutiert. Es zeigt sich, daß die Mehrzahl der erhobenen Befunde als Folge einer verminderten uteroplacentaren Perfusion interpretiert werden muß. Als erstes morphologisch erfaßbares Zeichen der verminderten uteroplacentaren Durchblutung hat dabei an der unreifen Placenta die Maturitas praecox, an der reifen Placenta die Vermehrung der syncytialen Knoten zu gelten. Bezüglich der Korrelation von Dauer der Gestosesymptomatik und Schweregrad der EPH-Gestose einerseits und Ausprägung der pathologischen Veränderungen andererseits kann gezeigt werden, daß eine mäßige EPH-Gestose bei längerem Bestehen schwere Placentaveränderungen hervorrufen kann, während eine klinisch schwere Erkrankung mit kurzem Verlauf nicht zwingend mit ausgeprägten histomorphologischen Veränderungen an der Placenta einherzugehen braucht. Auf die klinische Bedeutung der Befunde, die die Forderungen nach einer frühzeitigen Therapie der EPH-Gestose unterstreichen, wird hingewiesen.
    Notes: Summary It is reported about histological findings of 74 placentas from cases of EPH-Gestosis (toxemia). According to the criteria of the “Organisation Gestosis” [30] the 74 cases of EPH-Gestosis were classified in three degrees of severity (slight, moderate, severe). The morphological findings of the placentas in the moderate and severe cases of EPH-Gestosis were related to the duration of the disease. The histologic alterations are discussed in connection with the up to date theories about the etiology of EPH-Gestosis. Most of the histological findings can be explained as alterations which develop in consequence of diminished uteroplacental perfusion. The first morphological sign of a decreased uteroplacental perfusion inpremature placentas is the so-called Maturitas praecox. Inmature placentas it is the generalized increase of the syncytial knots. It can be pointed out, that the degree of severity of morphological alterations depends as well upon the severity as upon the duration of the EPH-Gestosis: One can find in placentas of moderate forms of EPH-Gestosis and long duration severe morphological alterations. Placentas of severe forms of EPH-Gestosis and short duration must not show severe morphological lesions. The results are not only of theoretical but also of clinical interest. The findings show that the therapy of EPH-Gestosis must begin as soon as the first symptoms are stated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 215 (1973), S. 72-84 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus einer laufenden Serie wurden von 15 Risikoschwangerschaften (10 Fälle von EPH-Gestose, 5 Fälle von Diabetes mellitus) folgende Befunde miteinander verglichen: Morphologie der Placenta, 4-14C-DHEA-Konversionsrate zu Oestrogenen in vitro, DHEA-Belastungstest, Oestrogenausscheidung im 24 Std-Urin, kindliche Befunde (Farbe des Fuchtwassers, Gewicht/Reife, Apgar-Score). Für die Beurteilung der Placentamorphologie wurde ein früher [25] publiziertes Einteilungsschema zugrunde gelegt. Danach sind die morphologischen Veränderungen der Placenten bei EPH-Gestose in die Gruppe II (Veränderungen infolge verminderter uteroplacentarer Perfusion), die der Diabetesplacenten in Gruppe I (Verzögerungen der Placentareifung) einzuordnen. Beim Vergleich von morphologischen und biochemischen Befunden findet sich für die Oestrogenausscheidung im 24 Std-Urin eine Übereinstimmung in 10 von 15 Fällen, für den DHEA-Test in 9 von 10 und für die 4-14C-DHEA-Konversionsrate in vitro in 14 von 15 Fällen. Die fehlende Übereinstimmung zwischen den biochemischen und morphologischen Befunden einerseits und dem kindlichen Befinden (Farbe des Fruchtwassers, Apgarwert) andererseits wird damit erklärt, daß durch rechtzeitige Beendigung der Schwangerschaft einer weiteren Gefährdung des Kindes zuvorgekommen worden war. Die Ergebnisse werden unter Berücksichtigung der pathophysiologischen Abläufe bei der EPH-Gestose und beim Diabetes mellitus diskutiert. Die besonders gute Übereinstimmung zwischen morphologischen Befunden und 4-14C-DHEA-Konversionsrate wird dahingehend interpretiert, daß mit der Konversionsrate nur dieplacentare Komponente der maternofetoplacentaren Funktionseinheit erfaßt wird, während bei der Oestrogenausscheidung im 24 Std-Urin und beim DHEA-Belastungstest auch noch fetale und materne Faktoren einbezogen sind. Die gute Übereinstimmung zwischen Morphologie und 4-14C-DHEA-Konversionsrate in vitro wird als Beweis dafür angesehen, daß die bisher als „pathologisch“ angesehenen histologischen Befunde tatsächlich das morphologische Substrat einer Placentainsuffizienz darstellen. Für die klinische Routine wird aufgrund der erhobenen Befunde eine frühzeitige Therapie der EPH-Gestose empfohlen. Da beim Diabetes mellitus auch normale Oestrogenwerte gefunden werden können, empfiehlt sich hier — zur Überprüfung der Reservekapazität der Placenta — die großzügige Anwendung des DHEA-Tests.
    Notes: Summary From 10 cases of EPH-gestosis (toxemia) and 5 cases of diabetes mellitus the following parameters are compared: Histological findings of the placenta, 4-14C-dehydroepiandrosterone-conversion-rate in vitro, dehydroepiandrosterone-test, maternal urinary estrogen excretion patterns, state of the new-born (colour of amnion-fluid, weight/maturity-ratio, Apgar-score). Morphological findings are classified as elsewhere published [25]. After this classification morphological findings of gestotic (toxemic) placentas are to be classified in group II (alterations in consequence of diminuition of uteroplacental blood-flow), diabetic placentas in group I (retardation of placental maturation). Comparing morphological and biochemical findings we found correspondence in 10 of 15 cases for maternal urinary estrogen excretion in 9 from 10 cases for dehydroepiandrosterone-test and in 14 of 15 cases for 4-14C-dehydroepiandrosterone-conversion-rate. The missing correspondence between biochemical and morphological findings on one hand and the state of the new-born (Apgar-score, colour of amnion-fluid) on the other hand is interpreted in the way that by terminating pregnancy in time, further jeopardy could be prevented. The results are discussed considering the patho-physiological processes in EPH-gestosis (toxemia) and diabetes mellitus. The very good correspondence between morphological findings and 4-14C-DHEA-conversion-rate is pointed out. These good results can be understood if one takes in consideration, that by studying the DHEA-conversion-rate in vitro theplacental component of materno-feto-placenta function unit is recorded. Taking urinary estrogen excretion and results of DHEA-test, also fetal and maternal components are included. The good correspondence between morphological findings and 4-14C-DHEA-conversion-rate gives evidence that morphological alterations, which we are used to define as “pathological”, are indeed the morphological substrate of placental insufficiency. From our demonstrated results early therapy of EPH-gestosis (toxemia) and employment of dehydroepiandrosterone-test in prepartal supervision of diabetic gravidae are recommended for clinical routine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 219 (1975), S. 71-72 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 219 (1975), S. 342-342 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 224 (1977), S. 216-217 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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