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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subgrid-scale model for the temperature fluctuations in reacting hypersonic turbulent flows (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 11 (1999), S. 2765-2771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A direct numerical simulation (DNS) database is used to develop a model of subgrid-scale temperature fluctuations for use in large-eddy simulations of turbulent, reacting hypersonic flows. The proposed model uses a probability density representation of the temperature fluctuations. The DNS database reveals a physically consistent relation between the resolved-scale flow conditions that may be used to predict the standard deviation of the Gaussian probability density function (PDF). The model is calibrated and tested by comparison to simulations of decaying isotropic turbulence. The conditional single-variable PDF model is found to capture the fluctuations in temperature and product formation. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870135
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chemical reactions on decaying isotropic turbulence (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 10 (1998), S. 1715-1724 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: There have been many studies of turbulent combustion flows, however the interaction between turbulent motion and the chemical reactions that occur in hypersonic flows has not been studied. In these flows, the rate of product formation depends almost exclusively on the temperature, and small temperature fluctuations may produce large changes in the rate of product formation. To study this process, we perform direct numerical simulations of reacting isotropic turbulence decay under conditions typical of a hypersonic turbulent boundary layer flow. We find that there is a positive feedback between the turbulence and exothermic reactions. That is, positive temperature fluctuations increase the reaction rate, thereby increasing the heat released by the reaction, which further increases the temperature. Simultaneously, the pressure increases causing localized expansions and compressions that feed the turbulent kinetic energy. The Reynolds stress budget shows that the feedback occurs through the pressure-strain term. We also find that the strength of the feedback depends on how much heat is released, the rate at which it is released, and the turbulent Mach number. The feedback process is negative for endothermic reactions, and temperature fluctuations are damped. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869688
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and Characterization of Guanine Nucleotide-Exchange Factor, eIF-2B, and p37 Calmodulin-Binding Protein from Calf Brain (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 65 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Eukaryotic initiation factor 2B, or guanine nucleotide-exchange factor, has been purified for the first time from the brain by a novel procedure that allows the purification of initiation factor 2 as well and uses a salt wash postmicrosomal supernatant as starting material. The procedure includes a three-part chromatographic step in heparin-Sepharose and in SP-5PW and diethylaminoethyl-5PW ion-exchange high-performance chromatographies. The purification of the factors was followed by measuring activity in the guanine nucleotide-exchange assay and the capacity of initiation factor 2 to form a ternary complex with the initiation form of methionyl-tRNA and GTP. The method yields guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (75%) and highly purified initiation factor 2 (〉95%), which are separated in the last step. The exchange factor from the brain is a multimeric protein with five subunits of molecular masses of 82, 65, 52, 42, and 30 kDa; it stimulates ternary complex formation in the presence of GDP, and this activity is inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. A 37-kDa protein that copurifies with initiation factors is characterized in this study as a new calmodulin-binding protein (p37); it is highly phosphorylated by casein kinase activities and can comigrate with the α subunit of initiation factor 2 under standard sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65020754.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased Activity of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2B in PC12 Cells in Response to Differentiation by Nerve Growth Factor (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 71 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Translational rates, and activities and levels of initiation factors 2 and 2B were assessed in rat pheochromocytoma cells upon nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment. Two or 5 days of exposure to NGF caused significant quantitative increases in protein synthesis rate that are deemed necessary for neuronal differentiation. Changes in initiation factor 2 activity, as measured by its capacity to form a ternary complex, occur parallel to the observed changes in protein synthesis. Nevertheless, neither the intracellular levels of the initiation factor 2 nor the degree of phosphorylation of its α subunit can justify this increased activity. Interestingly, initiation factor 2B activity increases parallel to the neurite outgrowth, being significantly higher after 5 days of exposure to NGF, and could be responsible for the elevated rate of protein synthesis. No significant changes in the levels of eukaryotic initiation factor 2B, as determined with two different antibodies against the γ and ε subunits of the factor, were observed, implying that the increased activity should be regulated by factors other than its cellular concentration. Our results support the hypothesis that initiation factor 2B may play a role in the biochemical events controlling the differentiative growth factor-induced signaling pathway in these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71051905.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reply (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 21 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1996.tb00083.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of current fluctuations in silicon pn+ and p+n homojunctions (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6975-6981 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A detailed study of bipolar transport under forward-bias conditions is evaluated by Ensemble Monte Carlo simulation in two structures (p+n and pn+ junctions). The static characteristics of both structures are presented. In particular, this study focuses on a microscopic analysis of current fluctuations. A decomposition of the autocorrelation function of the total current fluctuations in electron, hole and crossed contributions is performed. In this way, the importance of each type of carrier in the spectral density of current fluctuations in both structures for a wide frequency range is determined. In the low frequency range, the presence of shot, thermal and excess noise was found. The Ensemble Monte Carlo method also permits ready evaluation of the noise equivalent temperature in both structures. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361462
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bi12(GaxBi1−x)O19.5 optical waveguides grown by pulsed laser deposition (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 8210-8215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Bi12(GaxBi1−x)O19.5 (BGaO) films with thickness in the range 100–1000 nm have been deposited on (100) Y-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and (100) Bi12GeO20 (BGO) substrates using a KrF excimer pulsed laser and polycrystalline targets with composition x=0.63–0.72. The laser power density threshold for ablation of the targets has been determined to be J0=4.8 J/cm2. A deposition rate of 0.03 A(ring)/pulse was found for the substrate-target distance (6 cm) and laser fluence (J=7 J/cm2) used. Transparent and crystalline films were obtained heating the substrate in the 450–550 °C range under 1.5×10−1 mbar of oxygen pressure. Films deposited on hot substrates have a Ga stoichiometry x=0.5 but a Bi content slightly lower than that corresponding to sillenite. Films deposited on YSZ show preferential orientation. From the x-ray diffraction results and the comparison of the ionic distributions, it has been concluded that the most likely orientation between both lattices is 〈310〉{130}BGaO(parallel)〈011〉{100}YSZ. A {100}BGaO(parallel){100}BGO epitaxy has been inferred from Rutherford backscattering analysis. On both substrates the films behave as step waveguides with refractive index close to the value determined in bulk BGaO. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362461
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influences of Watershed Characteristics on Mercury Levels in Wisconsin Rivers (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 1867-1875 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00007a023
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manipulation of Ag nanoparticles utilizing noncontact atomic force microscopy (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 1505-1507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed a scheme to manipulate metallic aerosol particles on silicon dioxide substrates using an atomic force microscope. The method utilizes the noncontact mode both for locating and moving nanoparticles of size 10–100 nm. The main advantage of our technique is the possibility of "seeing" the moving particle in real time. Our method avoids well sticking problems that typically hamper the manipulation in the contact mode. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122187
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scleromyxoedema and thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura: two rare conditions both responding to plasma exchange (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 11 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report the case of a 66-year-old female who over an 18-month period developed severe, disabling scleromyxoedema with pulmonary fibrosis. Treatment with oral prednisolone and melphalan had failed to prevent disease progression. Treatment with a 5-day course of plasma exchange, intravenous cyclophosphamide (500 mg) and methyl-prednisolone (1 g on 3 consecutive days) was unfortunately followed by the development of thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura (TTP). After 17 extra plasma exchanges, she recovered and there has been a dramatic improvement in her skin signs. We postulate that the extra plasma exchanges which she received as a consequence of developing TTP have contributed to this result. To our knowledge, TTP has never been associated with scleromyxoedema, but it is likely to be a coincidence in this case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.1998.tb00956.x
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