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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen-supplying capacity of leaves of Dactyladenia barteri (Hook ex olw) and Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit in two soils of different acidity from southern nigeria (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 16 (1993), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Dactyladenia barteri ; Leucaena leucocephala ; Lignin ; Nitrogen mineralization ; Nitrogen leaching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The evolution of mineral and hydrosoluble organic N released from two soils differing in pH and treated with leaves of Leucaena leucocephala (0, 8.3, 16.7, and 33. g kg-1 soil), Dactyladenia barteri (syn. Acioa barteri; 0 and 16.7 g), and their mixtures was studied in the laboratory using the aerobic incubation-leaching method. N mineralization in untreated soils and in soils supplemented with 8.3 g leucaena leaves was 41–53% higher in the soil from Onne (pH 4.7) than in the soil from Ibadan (pH 6.2), but the organic N content was similar with these treatments in the leachates of the soils from both locations. The application of 16.7 or 33.3 g of either or both type of leaves reduced the rate of mineral N production during the first 4 weeks, particularly in soils treated with dactyladenia leaves (C:N=36). After this lag period, N mineralization proceeded at a faster rate in the soil from Ibadan treated with 16.7 or 33.3 g of leucaena leaves (C:N=12), even in the presence of dactyladenia leaves. In Ibadan soil, after 12 weeks, mineral N apprently derived from leaves of both dactyladenia and leucaena averaged 6.3% of the N applied, and organic N from leaves averaged 9.5%. The addition of dactyladenia and leucaena leaves did not increases the mineral N content in the acid soil from Onne but leaching of soluble organic N with addition of 16.7 or 33.3 g of leaves contributed an N-mineralizable pool of 5.9% of the N applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336516
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparisons of the influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza on the productivity of hedgerow woody legumes and cassava at the top and the base of a hillslope in alley cropping systems (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 16 (1993), S. 198-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Alley cropping ; Available soil P ; Cassava ; Hedgerow trees ; Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation ; Manihot esculenta ; Glomus mosseae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) inoculation on growth and nutrient relationships in two alley-cropping trials, one at the top and the other at the base of a hillslope. Each trial involved three woody hedgerow legumes with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as the sole intercrop. The hedgerow trees at the base of the slope showed greater survival and higher leaf dry weights than those at the top of the slope, although these parameters were not affected by VAM inoculation, either at the top or the base of the slope. In contrast to survival, the uptake of nutrients, particularly P and N, was higher for inoculated than uninoculated hedgerow trees, both at the top and at the base of slope. Increases in stem and leaf biomass and the uptake of nutrients by the trees were strongly correlated with increases in P uptake, indicating that the improvements were attributable to VAM inoculation. Cassava tuber yields at the base of the slope, from inoculated or uninoculated plants, were significantly greater than the corresponding cassava yields at the top of the slope. These increases at the base of the slope compared to the top of the slope were not attributed to available soil nutrients but to greater VAM spore density. Higher available soil moisture may have been another factor. Increasing the VAM spore density of effective mycorrhiza through proper agronomic practices at the top of a slope may bring about comparable yields on different parts of the slope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361408
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen use and biomass yield over time in pot-grown Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 20 (1995), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Leucaena ; Nodulation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogen use ; 15N ; Time course
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The dynamics of nodulation, N2-fixation and N use in Leucaena leucocephala cv. K28 over time was investigated in a screenhouse at 4, 8, 12 and 16 months after planting (MAP) using the 15N-labelling method. Leucaena had a consistently increasing pattern of nodulation, dry biomass and nitrogen yield. A sharp rise in nodulation was observed between 12 and 16 MAP, whereas for biomass, N accumulation and N2-fixation, and N2-fixation, an upward surge occurred between 4 and 12 months. Nodulation, N accumulation, N2-fixation and biomass yield all peaked at 16 MAP. Along with the steady increase in N2-fixation throughout the 16-month growth period, the % N derived from the atmosphere rose from 17.9% to 61.5%, 70.1% and 74%, equivalent to 191, 1623, 2395 and 3385 mg N2 fixed plant-1 at 4, 8, 12 and 16 MAP, respectively. Nitrogen assimilation from soil and fertilizer decreased inversely to the increase in symbiotic nitrogen fixation with time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336553
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of pruning frequency of Albizia lebbeck, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala on nodulation and potential nitrogen fixation (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words N2 fixation ; Pruning ; Leucaena ; leucocephala ; Gliricidia sepium ; Albizia lebbeck ; Alley cropping ; Hedgerows ; Tree nodulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The influence of four pruning frequencies on biomass, nodulation and N2 fixation was investigated on Albizia lebbeck, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala grown in the screenhouse for 16 months, using acetylene reduction and 15N dilution methods. Frequent prunings at 4-month intervals had no deleterious effect on symbiotic N2 fixation, which increased in Gliricidia and Leucaena in particular. Nodulation and nitrogenase activity varied inconsistently within species, and were not influenced by pruning frequency. Cumulative assessment of pruning effect showed higher biomass, N yield and N2-fixing capacity of the woody species than at last harvest, and appeared to have more practical relevance. Across species, cumulative total dry matter, N yields, and both percentage and absolute amount of N2 derived from atmosphere increased with pruning frequency, except when trees were pruned 3 times. Of the three species, G. sepium had the lowest biomass production, N2 fixation and N accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050240
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in mycorrhizal infection and P uptake of sweet potato cultivars (Ipomoea batatas L.) during their early growth in three soils (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1988), S. 7-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Ipomoea batatas ; Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza ; Phosphorus uptake ; Single superphosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Mycorrhizal infection in the roots of 10 sweet potato cultivars was assessed 7 weeks after planting in three soils collected from Ibadan, Fashola and Onne in southern Nigeria, three soils which contained 21.0, 7.8 and 54.8 mg P kg−1, respectively. Mycorrhizal infection averaged 17% in the soil from Ibadan, 24% in the soil from Fashola and 7% in the acid soil from Onne. The plants grown in the Fashola soil contained the same percentage of P as plants grown in the Onne soil. Although the percentage of P in sweet potato was lowest in the Ibadan soil, shoot dry weights were 35% higher in this soil than in the other two soils. There was no correlation between the level of mycorrhizal infection and plant dry weight in the partially sterilized soil from Ibadan. Sweet potato inoculated in this soil with infected roots of Leucaena leucocephala showed a higher level of mycorrhizal infection than uninoculated plants. Dry-matter production was, however, the same for all treatments. The sweet potato cultivars differed in their level of mycorrhizal infection and in their response to applied P. Cultivars TIS 2498 and TIS 70357 consistently showed the lowest percentage of infection; and TIb 4, TIS 8441 and TIS 8524 showed infection levels above 20% in the Fashola and Ibadan soils. When the low-yielding cultivar, TIb 4, and an improved clone, TIS 9265, were grown in the presence of 50 and 100 mg single superphosphate per kg soil, TIb 4 produced more dry matter in the presence of P fertilizer than it did without the fertilizer. Growth and mycorrhizal infection of TIS 9265 were not affected by the fertilizer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00260724
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening woody and shrub legumes for growth, nodulation and nitrogen-fixation potential in two contrasting soils (1996)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 33 (1996), S. 137-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: woody legumes ; screening ; Alfisol ; Ultisol ; N2-fixation ; 15N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In order to identify for alley cropping new candidate species with high biomass and nitrogen-fixing potential, a screening study was conducted on ten woody and shrub legumes (Acacia auriculiformis, Albizia lebbeck, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena diversifolia, L. leucocephala cv. K28 and cv. K636, Lonchocarpus sericeus, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea and Tephorsia candida) for 6 months using an acid Ultisol and a non-acid Alfisol. A wide interspecific variability of legumes appeared within soil types, and there were significant species-by-soil interactions for many parameters in this study. In the acid Ultisol, plant growth in height and grith, nodule numbers, nitrogen yield and N2-fixing potential were significantly (P = 0.05) lower than those in the Alfisol. While Albizia lebbeck was outstanding in both acid and non-acid soil conditions for most performance criteria, L. leucocephala cv. K28 was most sensitive to soil acidity with 41.7% of total nitrogen yield in the Ultisol relative to that accumulated in the Alfisol. In addition to L. leucocephala cv. K28 and G. sepium, the most common hedgerow species, A. lebbeck, L. leucocephala cv. K636, L. diversifolia on Alfisol, and A. lebbeck, L. leucocephala cv. K636, L. diversifolia, Tephrosia candida and Cajanus cajan on acid Ultisol, could be considered promising and thus, worthy of further site adaptability trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213646
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pruning effect on nitrogen nutrient release in the root zone of Albizia lebbeck and Leucaena leucocephala (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 26 (1998), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Pruning ; Nitrogen release ; Root zone ; Albizia lebbeck ; Leucaena leucocephala
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of pruning on the dynamics of N release in the root zone of Albizia lebbeck and Leucaena leucocephala was studied using potted soil and minilysimeters with presterilized sand-medium supplied with N-free nutrient solution. Plants were pruned twice at 11 and 13 months and leachates were collected weekly for 16 weeks starting from first pruning, and analysed for mineral N content. Removal of plant shoots reduced nodule and root biomass by some 30–38% and halved nodule N yields, while total N yields did not differ between pruned and unpruned plants. The dynamics of N nutrient in the rhizosphere was also affected by pruning, irrespective of the growth medium. In soil culture, unpruned plants of both species maintained greater levels of total N in their rhizosphere compared to those that were pruned. In sand culture, nitrate-N was by 66–84% the predominant N form in soil leachate across the two sequential prunings. Over the 16 weeks following these prunings of A. lebbeck and L. leucocephala, cumulative mineral N in both forms was significantly higher in the root zone of unpruned plants, and was consistently greater under rhizobial inoculation. Less mineral N was released into the root zone of each species during the period after the second pruning than after the first one. L. leucocephala released significantly more N than A. lebbeck over the sampling period, but net N release beneath both species was lower than 1%, indicating that tree legumes do not release sizeable proportions of their N into root zone, and that pruning reduces their N release still further.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050366
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of cassava cultivar TMS 30572 as affected by alley-cropping and mycorrhizal inoculation (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 27 (1998), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Cassava ; Alley-cropping ; Glomus clarum ; Leaf area index ; Hedgerow trees
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of inoculation with Glomus clarum, a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus, and alley-cropping on the growth of the cassava cultivar, TMS 30572, was investigated under field conditions in a low nutrient tropical soil. Cassava was grown either interplanted between two hedgerow tree species (alley-cropped) or sole-cropped. Sub-plots were either inoculated with G. clarum or were not inoculated. No effort was made to destroy the indigenous mycorrhizal fungi. Three months after planting, no significant influence of G. clarum inoculation was observed on the growth of roots, shoots or leaf area index (LAI). However, with time, inoculation and system of cropping enhanced these growth parameters. Nine months after planting, the total biomass of alley-cropped cassava was significantly higher than that of inoculated and non-inoculated sole-cropped cassava. Inoculation had led to an increase in the fresh tuber yield of both the alley- and sole-cropped cassava 12 months after planting. The LAI of both alley- and sole-cropped cassava inoculated with G. clarum increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050392
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen contribution by leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) prunings to maize in an alley cropping system (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 282-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Leaf decomposition ; Soil N ; Grain yield ; Leucaena leucocephata ; Alley cropping ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The N uptake of maize was assessed on an Alfisol in a sole crop and in an alley cropping system in southwestern Nigeria. Although the application of prunings increased the maize N content in both sole and alley-cropped maize, the N contributed to the maize by the prunings was low, ranging between 4.4 and 23.8 kg ha−1. This was equivalent to 3.2% and 9.407% of the N released during decomposition of the prunings. Application of the prunings increased the grain yields of the sole maize by 38% and the maize yield in the alley-cropped plots by 104%, compared with yields in the corresponding plots where prunings were not applied. The results indicate that part of the N from the prunings was retained in the soil organic-N pool. Maize N, dry weights and grain yields were lowest in the alley-cropped plots where prunings were removed, probably because of competition between the maize and the hedgerow trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261013
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between drought stress and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza on the growth of Faidherbia albida (syn. Acacia albida) and Acacia nilotica in sterile and non-sterile soils (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 14 (1992), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Acacia trees ; Drought tolerance ; Sterile and non-sterile soils ; Plant dry weights ; VAM fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Faidherbia albida (syn. Acacia albida) (Del.) A. Chev. and Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. were grown for 18 weeks in sterile and non-sterile soils inoculated with Glomus clarum (Nicolson and Schenck). During this period, drought stress was imposed for the last 10 (F. albida) or 12 weeks (A. nilotica) at 2-week intervals. A greater number of leaves abscissed in drought-stressed mycorrhizal plants of A. nilotica than drought-stressed non-mycorrhizal and unstressed plants. In F. albida, the number of abscissed leaves was few and similar for all treatments. At the end of the drought stress, inoculation with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi in sterile soil increased the plant biomass of the two tree species compared to the control plants. In non-sterile soil, the mycorrhizal growth response of introduced G. clarum equalled the effect of indigenous VAM fungi. There were significant interactions between the mycorrhizal and drought stress treatments and between the mycorrhizal and soil treatments for plant biomass and P uptake in F. albida. The absence of these interactions except for that between the mycorrhizal and soil treatments in A. nilotica indicates that the increased plant biomass and nutrient uptake cannot be attributed directly to a mycorrhizal contribution to drought tolerance. F. albida tolerated the drought stress by producing long tap roots and similar weights of dry matter in shoots and roots. Whereas A. nilotica tolerated the drought stress by developing larger root systems able to explore a greater volume of soil, in addition to leaf abscission, for a favourable internal water status. The introduction of G. clarum increased nodulation by A. nilotica under unstressed conditions, but at the expense of a reduced P uptake in sterile soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346056
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