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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 2939-2948 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The relation between random telegraph noise and 1/f-type background voltage fluctuations in current biased high-Tc films has been investigated. The experiments have revealed that the telegraph noise in high-Tc superconducting films is due to a combined action of a macroscopic two-level fluctuator and a detector. The macroscopic telegraph signal does not constitute an elementary contribution to 1/f noise. However, the behavior of telegraph and 1/f-like voltage fluctuations have shown astonishing similarities. Telegraph voltage amplitudes and 1/f power spectrum magnitude scale linearly with changing current flow above almost identical threshold currents. The telegraph signal symmetry characteristics have been found to be linear also but with distinctively different offset currents. Analysis of the measured characteristics indicates that the telegraph and 1/f fluctuations are due to different flux fluctuators coupled to observable voltages by the same detector mechanism. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 1681-1688 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new procedure for analysis of random telegraph signals in time domain has been developed and applied to the analysis of voltage fluctuations in the current induced dissipative state in superconducting thin films. The procedure, based entirely on the difference in the statistical properties of discrete Marcovian telegraph fluctuations and Gaussian background noise, ascribes each point of the experimental time record to one of the telegraph states. The average statistical lifetimes and amplitudes of the telegraph signal are then determined in an iterative way by fitting the amplitude histogram of thus obtained record of the redistributed data to the two-Gaussian histogram of the original experimental signal. The procedure allows for analyzing "noisy" random telegraph signals with low ratio between the signal amplitude and the intensity of the background noise that cannot be analyzed by the classical approach. Separation of the time record into two subrecords relative to two telegraph states also enables in-depth analysis of the spectral properties of the background noise observed together with the telegraph fluctuations. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 3029-3031 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spectral properties of rf radiation from intrinsic Josephson junctions in high Tc Y-Ba-Cu-O thin film have been measured in the frequency range up to 1.5 GHz. Narrow emission lines with the 3 dB bandwidth of the order of 20 MHz were detected indicating that Josephson clusters radiate coherently. Synchronization conditions are determined by dc current and external magnetic field bias. Frequency locking of radiation to external resonant circuit was also observed. Spectral line narrowing due to resonant lock was distinguished from the coherence-induced narrowing by different tuning properties of the emission line. Noncoherent Josephson radiation manifests itself as a broadband background noise increase. A pronounced 1/f-like tail sensitive to dc bias and magnetic field was observed in a low frequency part of the spectrum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5440-5449 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Excess low-frequency noise extending to MHz frequencies was observed in dc current biased granular high-Tc thin films. At particular bias conditions random telegraph signal produced by a single, fast two-level fluctuator dominated the noise properties of the sample. Lifetimes of the low- and high-voltage states of the fluctuating system were found to be exponentially distributed. Power spectra of the excess noise signal could be well fitted with a single Lorentzian contribution. Duty cycle dependence of the random telegraph signal on bias conditions was used to get an insight into physical mechanism causing the fluctuations. Charge trapping events in the intergranular intrinsic Josephson junctions and trapped flux hopping were identified as possible alternative sources of the observed noise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 3149-3156 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is an important method for investigations of diffusion processes as well as of photophysical properties of fluorescing molecules. It has lately been applied in studies of the photodynamics of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). In this case FCS yields valuable information about the population of dark, non-fluorescing states of the molecule. For three-level systems rate constants into and out of the dark state can easily be determined with FCS. This task however becomes significantly more complex for molecules that possess several dark states. Here we present two-color FCS with simultaneous two-color excitation as a method that also yields spectroscopic information about the dark states. This makes the complete analysis of a molecular four-level system possible. The analysis of the GFP mutant E222Q is given as an example of two-color FCS that is readily applicable to other molecules with photoconvertible dark states. For E222Q we determine all the rate constants within the four-level system. With these data we calculate the population of the different molecular states in bulk experiments as encountered, e.g., in microscopic studies. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 2355-2357 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A pronounced X-band microwave noise emission from Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films has been observed. Emission depends strongly on temperture, bias current, and magnetic field. Two types of emission lines can be distinguished in the power versus dc bias spectra. The lines which remain at stable current positions against temperature we tentatively ascribe to the interaction of depinned flux flow with a two-dimensional Josephson junction array. The lines that appear at fixed voltage positions may be attributed to the Josephson radiation of a distributed network of junctions. No significant emission was detected from Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 111 (1989), S. 6828-6833 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3499-3501 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The resistivity of La0.82Ca0.18MnO3 single crystal has been investigated as a function of external magnetic field and separately under an applied current flow. The measurements were carried out at various temperatures below and above the ferromagnetic transition temperature TC. It has been found that the dynamic electroresistance exhibits stunning similarities to the colossal magnetoresistance at the corresponding temperatures. The correlation observed between the electric- and magnetic-field effects is attributed to electrically induced magnetoresistance. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 359-361 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An experimental technique for measuring magnetic fluctuations by means of a double-layer Hall sensor array is described. The technique relies on cross-correlating Hall signals from two independent sensors positioned one above the other in two separate two-dimensional-electron-gas layers of a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated by a reduction of the magnitude of the background noise floor of the correlated sensors with respect to the noise level of the best single sensor. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Infection or immunization with measles virus induces a protective immune reaction including neutralizing antibodies against the haemagglutinin and fusion protein. The reactivity of the polyclonal IgG response of sera obtained from late convalescent donors was studied, using overlapping 15mer peptides covering the complete sequence of the measles virus haemagglutinin. Most sera reacted with a similar set of peptides generating a characteristic binding pattern. The reactive peptides correspond to a region mediating cell hemolysis (aa310–325), to regions which serve as targets to neutralizing antibodies and to a putative transmembrane region (aa35–58). The latter region contains also a human T-cell epitope providing evidence of a non-random association of T- and B-cell epitopes. We also immunized different strains of mice and rabbits with measles virus. In contrast to the human sera, animal sera with strong neutralizing activities did not react with any of the H-protein peptides. The mostly weak reactivities with the linear sequences contrast with the strong neutralizing activities of the human or animal antibodies, suggesting that these primarily recognize the fusion protein or conformational epitopes of the haemagglutinin protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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