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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 355 (1972), S. 220-226 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following intrarenal injection of live group A streptococci into mice, morphologically intact organisms were demonstrated in the centers of renal abscesses by Gram's stain and reaction with fluorescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated antibody to group A C-carbohydrate. Immunofluorescent staining also revealed cell-wall carbohydrate persisting within a small number of macrophages in the peripheries and capsules of renal abscesses, as well as in chronic inflammatory foci in kidneys atrophied in the course of pyogenic nephritis. The carbohydrate demonstrated in this study has previously been identified as a group-specific streptococcal cell-wall polymer chemically linked to mucopeptide in the intact cell wall. No conversion of group A to group A-variant C-carbohydrate was noted. The rapid breakdown of the streptococci in pyogenic inflammatory foci was attributed to enzymatic activity of the intensive granulocytic inflammation prevalent in the initial stages of the infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 27 (1985), S. 362-364 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; cranial computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of extremely advanced Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease of the cortico-striato-cerebellar type is described. The different stages of the disease are documented by computer-tomography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 19 (1998), S. 325-329 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Melanozytom ; Meningen ; Melanotische Tumoren ; Malignes Melanom ; HMB-45 ; Key words Melanocytoma ; Meninges ; Melanotic tumours ; Malignant melanoma ; HMB-45
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A 38-year-old man presented with an intracranial extra-axial tumour at the base of the left posterior fossa which proved to be a meningeal melanocytoma. Meningeal melanocytoma is a rare, benign melanotic tumour of the leptomeninges occuring predominantly in the posterior fossa or the upper spinal cord in adults. It shows characteristic cytologic features with isomorphic epitheloid or spindle-shaped cells, often with prominent nucleoli and a variable content of intracytoplasmic melanin. It usually lacks signs of malignancy such as high mitotic rate, necroses or infiltrative growth and shows a low labeling index in proliferation marker studies. Its immunohistological profile with S-100 protein-, vimentin- and HMB-45-positive tumour cells is similar to that of (primary or metastatic) malignant melanoma. This differential diagnosis is crucial because of the totally different therapeutic and prognostic implications. Therefore, everyone dealing with surgical neuropathology should be familiar with the rare, but clinically important diagnosis of meningeal melanocytoma.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Anhand einer eigenen Fallbeobachtung einer intrakraniellen, extraaxialen Raumforderung an der Basis der linken hinteren Schädelgrube bei einem 38 Jahre alten Mann wird die Tumorentität des meningealen Melanozytoms vorgestellt. Es handelt sich um eine seltene, gutartige melanotische Geschwulst der Leptomeningen, die vorwiegend in der hinteren Schädelgrube oder dem kranialen Rückenmark bei Erwachsenen auftritt. Der Tumor zeigt ein zytologisches Bild mit isomorphen epitheloiden oder spindelförmigen Zellen, die oft prominente Nukleolen und einen unterschiedlich ausgeprägten Gehalt an intrazytoplasmatischem Melanin aufweisen. Malignitätszeichen wie eine erhöhte Mitoserate, Nekrosen oder infiltratives Wachstum liegen im Regelfall nicht vor, und der Markierungsindex bei Proliferationsmarkeruntersuchungen ist niedrig. Das immunhistologische Profil des meningealen Melanozytoms mit S-100-Protein-, Vimentin- und HMB-45-Positivität entspricht dem des (primären oder metastatischen) malignen Melanoms. Diese Differentialdiagnose ist von entscheidender Bedeutung wegen der resultierenden völlig unterschiedlichen therapeutischen und prognostischen Konsequenzen. Daher sollte jeder, der neurochirurgische Biopsien beurteilt, mit der zwar seltenen, aber klinisch wichtigen Diagnose des meningealen Melanozytoms vertraut sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 20 (1999), S. 335-339 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Meningeom ; Metaplasie ; Knorpelgewebe Chondrosarkom ; Meningeale Tumoren ; Key words Meningioma ; Metaplasia ; Cartilaginous tissue ; Chondrosarcoma ; Meningeal tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A meningioma with cartilaginous areas is described. The tumour arose in the region of the right sphenoid wing in a 74-year-old woman. Histologically, it showed large areas of a typical meningothelial meningioma, among which numerous cartilaginous islands and some chondroid regions, obviously of intermediate (meningothelial/cartilaginous) differentiation, could be seen. Cartilaginous tumour areas showed lower MIB1-labelling indices than typical meningioma regions, where an increased proliferative activity was seen focally. The current WHO classification lists such tumours as metaplastic meningiomas, reflecting the potential of meningioma cells for mesenchymal differentiation. Metaplastic meningiomas may show different metaplasias (xanthomatous, osseous, lipomatous, cartilaginous, etc.). Extensive cartilaginous metaplasias are very uncommon. Identification of typical meningioma areas is the key for the diagnosis of this meningioma variant.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Berichtet wird über ein Meningeom mit kartilaginären Anteilen im Bereich des rechten Keilbeinflügels bei einer 74jährigen Frau. Histologisch fanden sich neben Abschnitten eines typischen meningothelialen Meningeoms zahlreiche kartilaginäre Gewebsinseln sowie chondroide, offenbar intermediär (meningothelial/kartilaginär) differenzierte Bezirke. Die kartilaginären Tumorareale zeigten niedrigere MIB1-Markierungsindizes als die typischen Meningeomabschnitte, die eine fokal gesteigerte Proliferationstendenz aufwiesen. Solche Geschwülste werden in der aktuellen WHO-Klassifikation zu den metaplastischen Meningeomen gerechnet und spiegeln die Fähigkeit der Meningeomzellen zur mesenchymalen Differenzierung wider. Metaplastische Meningeome können unterschiedliche (xanthomatöse, ossäre, lipomatöse, kartilaginäre etc.) Metaplasien aufweisen. Ausgedehnte Knorpelmetaplasien sind sehr selten. Der Nachweis typischer Meningeomareale ist der diagnostische Schlüssel zu dieser Meningeomvariante.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 750-753 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Axillarisparese ; Armplexusläsion ; Traumatische Nervenläsion ; Sportverletzung ; Zerrungstrauma ; Key words Axillary nerve palsy ; Brachial plexus lesion ; Traumatic nerve lesion ; Sports injury ; Traction injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A 27-year-old otherwise healthy male presented with an isolated but complete axillary nerve palsy after excessive squash playing. When repeated electromyographic investigations showed no signs of reinnervation in the deltoid muscle, surgery was performed in order to restore nerve function. Intraoperatively, the nerve showed a short segment of thinning about 2 cm distally the nerve's origin from the posterior fascicle. As intraoperative electrophysiological testing was also negative (no electrically evoked nerve action potentials across the lesion) the suspicious nerve segment was resected and nerve continuity restored by sural grafts. Histologically, no intact nerve structures could be found at the site of the thinning. Most likely the lesion was caused by traction forces. Follow-up studies showed reinnervation of deltoid function over time.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach exzessivem Squash-Spielen entwickelte ein 27jähriger, sonst gesunder Mann eine isolierte, vollständige Axillarisparese. Als sich nach 3 Monaten weder klinisch noch elektrophysiologisch Zeichen der Erholung der Nervenfunktion fanden, wurde der Nerv operativ freigelegt. Dabei zeigte sich nach der Epineurotomie eine sanduhrförmige Ausdünnung des N. axillaris kurz nach dessen Abgang aus dem Fasciculus posterior. Da auch die intraoperative, elektrophysiologische Testung negativ war (kein Nervenaktionspotential über die Verletzungsstelle ableitbar), wurde das auffällige Nervensegment reseziert und die Nervenkontinuität mittels autologer Suralisinterponate wiederhergestellt. Die histologische Aufarbeitung ergab den vollständigen Verlust nervaler Strukturen im Bereich der Ausdünnung. Als Ursache dieser Nervenläsion kommt am ehesten eine Überdehnung in Frage. Postoperative Verlaufsuntersuchungen zeigten eine zunehmende Reinnervation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Medulloblastoma ; S-Antigen ; Rod-opsin ; Prognosis ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biopsy specimens of 66 medulloblastomas were investigated by means of S-antigen and rod-opsin immunocytochemistry. The patients were operated between 1969 and 1988 and the medical records were retrospectively evaluated to correlate the immunocytochemical features of the tumors to the course of the disease. S-antigen- and rod-opsin-immunoreactive tumor cells were found in 19 out of 66 cases. Since in the normal non-neoplastic state immunoreactive S-antigen and rod-opsin are restricted to retinal photoreceptors and a class of pinealocytes derived from photoreceptor cells, the occurrence of these proteins in certain tumor cells of medulloblastomas suggests a differentiation of these cells along the photoreceptor cell lineage and allows the identification of a special subtype of medulloblastoma displaying photoreceptor-specific characteristics. This subtype appears to be closely related to retinoblastomas and pineal cell tumors. The incidence of this subtype corresponds to approximately 30% of all medulloblastomas. Correlation between the demonstration of immunoreactive S-antigen and rod-opsin and the course of the disease revealed a 10-year survival rate of 50.6% for patients with medulloblastomas displaying photoreceptor-specific characteristics and maximally 11% for patients suffering from medulloblastomas devoid of these markers. Although the statistical evaluation does not provide a significant result, the estimatedP-value of 0.085 indicates a distinct trend toward a better prognosis for patients suffering from medulloblastomas with photoreceptor-specific features. The validity of this trend needs to be proven in further studies with a greater number of patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 448-452 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Collision tumors ; Metastasis of cancer to cancer ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Cytokeratins ; Brain tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This report presents the case of a 74-year-old woman who was simultaneously affected by two highly malignant neoplasms, a metastasizing renal cell carcinoma and a glioblastoma with sarcomatous component. Leptomeningeal metastasis of renal carcinoma is shown to invade the glioblastoma at its margin. Especially in gliomas, “cancer to cancer” phenomenoma are only rarely documented. Support by immunohistochemical data may prove those events to be more frequent than assumed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Medulloblastoma ; Retinal ; Rod-opsin ; S-Antigen ; Photoreceptor cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present study was to evaluate the putative photoreceptor differentiation found in certain cerebellar medulloblastomas. The analyses were focussed on S-antigen, rod-opsin (the apoprotein of the visual pigment rhodopsin) and 11-cis retinal (the prosthetic group of rhodopsin). Fresh frozen and paraffinembedded biopsy specimens of three medulloblastomas were investigated by means of immunocytochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and immunoblotting. As shown in paraffin sections, one out of the three tumors (tumor A) contained S-antigen- and rod-opsin-immunoreactive tumor cells. The immunoblotting technique revealed in this tumor a single protein band of approximately 48–50 kDa that reacted with the S-antigen antibody and three protein bands of approximately 40, 75 and 110 kDa recognized by the rod-opsin antibody. These bands could not be detected in the two remaining tumors (tumor B and C). The rod-opsin content of tumor A was quantified by the ELISA; 11.7 pmol rod-opsin were calculated for the biopsy. The HPLC demonstrated the presence of 11-cis- and all-trans-retinal in tumor A, but not in tumors B and C. Furthermore, it was shown that 11-cis-retinal was converted to all-trans-retinal upon illumination of the tumor extract. The ratio between 11-cis-and all-trans-retinal was approximately 1:1 before illumination and 3:5 after illumination. A total of 2–3 pmol of retinal was found in the biopsy of tumor A. In addition all-trans-retinol was present in this tumor. The results indicate that certain medulloblastomas express a functional photopigment and S-antigen, another protein of the phototransduction cascade. They strongly support the concept that medulloblastoma cells may differentiate along the photoreceptor cell lineage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 308-314 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Large T-antigen ; Transgenic mice ; Pineal cell tumors ; Pineal organ ; Primitive neuroectodermal tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adult transgenic mice expressing the large T-antigen of the Simian virus 40 (SV 40) under the control of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MSV) enhancer and the SV 40 promoter develop inheritable uniform midline brain neoplasms showing features of primitive neuroectodermal tumors. The origin and histogenesis of these tumors were investigated in the present study. The brain and pineal organ of fetal and young transgenic mice less than 3 months old displayed normal macroscopic and microscopic features. In 3.5-month-old animals, the pineal organ was considerably enlarged due to hyperplasia, finally leading to tumor formation. Immunocytochemical demonstration of large T-antigen showed that this oncoprotein was already expressed in the nuclei of certain cells in the pineal organ of fetuses (16 and 18 days old) and newborn animals, but was absent from all other parts of the brain. The immunocytochemical demonstration of S-antigen (arrestin), a highly characteristic marker for pinealocytes, was used for further characterization of the large T-antigenimmunoreactive cells. The fetal pineal organ did not contain immunoreactive S-antigen. This first occurred in certain pinealocytes of newborn mice. Double immunostaining revealed that in newborn and older transgenic mice the immunoreactive large T-antigen was exclusively found in nuclei of cells containing S-antigen immunoreaction in their cytoplasm. Thus, transformed pinealocytes appear as stem cells of the experimental tumors. The results of this study suggest that primitive neuroectodermal tumors and the normal tissue from which they originate share certain molecular and immunocytochemical features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) ; Medulloblastoma ; Retinoblastoma ; Pineocytoma (-blastoma)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previously, immunoreactive rod-opsin and S-antigen (arrestin), two highly characteristic markers of retinal photoreceptors and pinealocytes, were shown to be present in certain medulloblastoma cells. It, thus, has been suggested that such cells differentiate along the photoreceptor lineage. This is corroborated in the present immunocytochemical investigation using antibodies against another photoreceptor-cell marker, the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP). As shown in preparations of human retina and pineal organ, IRBP can be successfully demonstrated in formalinfixed and paraffin-embedded tissue: the IRBP immunoreaction is located to the outer and inner segments of retinal photoreceptor cells and to perikarya of certain pinealocytes. Examination of formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded biopsy specimens of 66 cerebellar medulloblastomas revealed varying numbers of IRBP-immunoreactive tumor cells in 19 cases that were formerly shown to contain rod-opsin and S-antigen immunoreaction. IRBP-immunoreactive tumor cells were also found in a retinoblastoma and a pineocytoma, but not in neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma. The results indicate: (1) cerebellar medulloblastomas are heterogeneous in their differentiation potential; (2) one type of medulloblastoma displays photoreceptor characteristics; (3) this type appears to be closely related to retinoblastoma and pineal cell tumors; and (4) all three types of tumors may display additional common features to be explored in future studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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