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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 590-596 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Crystallographic structures and thermodynamic binding parameters are compared for three structural classes of streptavidin ligand including d-biotin, 2-[(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-azo] benzoate and the peptide NH2-Phe-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Asn-Thr-COOH. Descriptions of these structural and thermodynamic observations emphasize the diversity of potential strategies for improving ligand affinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Orbitarekonstruktion ; Resorbierbare Implantate ; Polylaktat ; Key words Orbital reconstruction ; Biodegradable implants ; Polylactide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In a complex animal model in sheep, polydioxanone (PDS®) and polylactic membranes were used for the reconstruction of large orbital-wall defects. In a long-term experiment over 1 year, polylactic implants alone showed the best performance as compared with combinations involving autogenous bone grafts and titanium miniplate fixation. As soon as these polylactic implants are approved for human surgery, they will be used to solve the still challenging problem of anatomical reconstruction of large comminuted fractures of more than one orbital wall.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einem experimentellen Modell wurden biodegradierbare Membranen aus Polydioxanon (PDS ® ) resp. Polylaktat zur Rekonstruktion großer Orbitawanddefekte bei Schafen verwendet. Im Langzeitversuch über ein Jahr zeigten diejenigen Rekonstruktionen die besten Resultate, bei welchen ausschließlich biodegradierbare Implantate aus Polylaktat zur Anwendung kamen. Bei gleichzeitiger Verwendung von autologen Knochentransplantaten und Titan-Miniplatten-Osteosynthesen war die anatomische Form der rekonstruierten Orbita weniger zuverlässig gewährleistet. Es darf erwartet werden, dass die klinische Zulassung der Polylaktat-Implantate die chirurgische Wiederherstellung ausgedehnter Trümmerfrakturen mehrerer Orbitawände wesentlich erleichtern wird und zu vorhersehbaren, anatomischen Rekonstruktionen führt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 147 (1999), S. 279-282 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Systemische Sklerodermie ; Morbus Sharp ; 24-h-pH-Metrie ; Gastroösophagealer Reflux ; Key words Systemic scleroderma ; Mixed connective tissue disease ; 24-hours pH-metry ; Gastro-esophageal reflux
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Objectives: Esophageal motility disorders and gastroesophageal refluxes are the most frequent gastrointestinal manifestations of progressive systemic sclerosis and Morbus Sharp (”mixed connective tissue disease”). The prognosis of the internal involvements of this uncommon disorders in childhood and adolescence is not well known. Methods: Four patients with systemic sclerosis and two with Morbus Sharp were investigated with two times ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH-metry for existence and/or degeree of gastro-esophageal reflux. The interval between the two investigations averaged 13,5 months. During this time, none of the patients had symptoms and therefore no H2-antagonists or prokinetic drugs. Results: At both examinations 3/6 patients had an increased percentage of pH〈4. One patient developed retrosternal pain before the second examination. Three patients had an increase of their reflux index. We documented an increase of reflux events lasting for more than 5 min; this result documents a decrease of the esophageal clearance function. Conclusion: In patients with systemic scleroderma or Morbus Sharp a lack of symptoms does not exclude gastroesophageal involvement. In the course of the diseases some of the patients develope a deterioration of the esophageal motility, inspite of immunosuppresive or antiinflammatory therapy. Further studies have to prove the effects of a pre-symptomatic treatment with H2-antagonists or prokinetic drugs on the prognosis of esophageal involvement in systemic scleroderma or Morbus Sharp during childhood.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung:Ösophagusmotilitätsstörungen und gastroösophagealer Reflux sind die häufigsten gastrointestinalen Manifestationen der systemischen Sklerodermie und des Morbus Sharp (mixed connective tissue disease). Über den Spontanverlauf dieser internen Organmanifestationen liegen für das Kindes- und Jugendalter keine Daten vor. Wir untersuchten diese Fragestellung bei pädiatrischen Patienten, die an dieser im Kindesalter seltenen Erkrankung litten, im Rahmen der klinischen Verlaufskontrollen. Patienten und Methode: Es wurden bei 4 Patienten mit systemischer Sklerodermie und 2 Patienten mit Morbus Sharp in 2 24-h-pH-Metrien das Vorliegen und das Ausmaß eines gastroösophagealen Refluxes gemessen. Der durchschnittliche Zeitabstand betrug 13,5 Monate. Während des Beobachtungsintervalls erhielten die Patienten aufgrund fehlender klinischer Symptome keine Säureblocker oder Prokinetika. Ergebnisse: Bei 3/6 Patienten wurde zu beiden Meßzeitpunkten ein erhöhter Refluxindex nachgewiesen. Während nur 1 Patient im Beobachtungszeitraum bis zum Zeitpunkt der Wiedervorstellung und Zweitmessung ein Sodbrennen entwickelte, konnte bei 3 Patienten eine z.T. deutliche Zunahme des gastroösophagealen Refluxes dokumentiert werden. Dabei fand sich insbesondere eine Zunahme der längeren Refluxereignisse als Hinweis auf eine gestörte Clearance-Funktion des distalen Ösophagus. Schlußfolgerung: Das Fehlen klinischer Symptome schließt eine gastroösophageale Beteiligung bei pädiatrischen Patienten mit Sklerodermie und Morbus Sharp nicht aus. Im Spontanverlauf kommt es bei einem Teil der Patienten trotz immunsupressiver und antientzündlicher Therapie der rheumatologischen Grunderkrankung zu einer Progredienz der Ösophagusmotilitätsstörung. Es ist in weiteren Studien zu prüfen, ob eine frühzeitige Therapie mit Prokinetika und H2-Rezeptor-Antagonisten sich im Kindes- und Jugendalter vorteilhaft auf die ösophagealen Komplikationen der systemischen Sklerodermie und des Morbus Sharp auswirkt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Prostatic adenoma ; Prostatic carcinoma ; Glycosidases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In benign hyperplasia marked β-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase activity was seen in the prostatic epithelium whereas the reactions for 5 other glycosidases were only slight or negative. The intensity of the reaction for the glycosidases in prostatic carcinoma was dependent upon the degree of the differentiation. The possible importance of glycosidases for the invasiveness of prostatic carcinoma is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Micropuncture ; Rat kidney ; Tubuloglomerular feedback ; Prostaglandin inhibitors ; Renal prostaglandins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To further clarify the mechanism mediating the reduction of nephron filtration rate in response to an increase of loop of Henle flow rate we have studied the effect of prostaglandin inhibition on tubuloglomerular feedback in rats. Following inravenous administration of 2 or 5 mg/kg indomethacin feedback responses expressed as the percent reduction of early proximal flow rate (EPFR) during flow elevation from 0–40 nl/min decreased from control values of −54.3±4.3% (mean ± S.E.) and −39.5±3.9% to −27.9±2.8% (P〈0.001) and −5.0±4.9% (P〈0.001) respectively. A significant reduction in the feedback response was also seen following intravenous administration of 2 or 5 mg/kg Ro 20-5720 (−28.8±5.8% and −7.8±3.8% respectively), 10 mg/kg meclofenamate (−15±4%), and 2 mg/kg eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid (−16.2±4.8%). In contrast to control animals injection of 5 mg/kg indomethacin had no effect on the feedback response in rats kept on a low salt diet. After applying a single dose of 5 mg/kg indomethacin or Ro 20-5720 feedback responses were reduced to −5.4±4.3% and −3.0±4.36% in the period 0–80 min, but were normal in the period 81–160 min after injection (−36.1±2.83% and −44.3±2.82% respectively). A dose dependent inhibition of the feedback response was also noted when indomethacin was applied intraluminally with full inhibition being established at a concentration of 0.5 mM. Urinary excretion rates of PGE2 and PGF2α fell from control values of 286.1±73.7 and 143.5±25.9 pg/min to 31.2±9.9 and 23.6±9 pg/min following 2 mg/kg indomethacin and to 36.8±4.4 and 8.9±1.9 pg/min following 5 mg/kg Ro 20-5720. Reduction of PG excretion was not reversible during the time of the experiment. Our results demonstrate a consistent decrease of tubuloglomerular feedback responses during inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 124 (1977), S. 113-119 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Antidiuretic hormone ; Cyclic AMP ; Concentrating capacity ; Infant kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 15 infants between 1 and 31 weeks the effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on the renal concentrating capacity and urinary cyclic AMP (cAMP) was tested. A significant decrease of urine flow and a significant increase of osmolality, urea and cAMP was observed indicating that the distal nephron of the infant kidney is responsive to exogenous ADH and that its effect is mediated by cAMP. The results of a second series with 52 normally hydrated infants demonstrate that the nonlinear age-related increase of osmolality and urea in urine is accompanied by a similar pattern of cAMP excretion, pointing out that the maturation of the concentrating capacity seems to be related to an increasing responsiveness of the cAMP system to ADH. Furthermore the results raise the possibility that increasing concentrations of urea and solutes in the medulla and papilla of the infant kidney may have—in the presence of very low ADH secretion—an additional stimulating effect on cAMP formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Renal prostaglandins ; cAMP ; Blood pressure ; Concentrating capacity ; Neonatal period
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationships between urinary prostaglandins (PGs)E2 and F2α and the postnatal development of blood pressure and renal concentrating capacity were investigated in 14 pre-term and 32 full term healthy infants. Mean PGE2 and PGF2α excretion was 18.9 and 10.1 ng/h/1.73 m2, respectively, in pre-term infants. In full term infants mean urinary PGE2 was signifincantly lower (13.4 ng/h/1.73 m2) and PGF2α significantly higher (22.2 ng/h/1.73 m2). The decrease of the PGE2/PGF2α ratio (P〈0.001) was accompanied by an increase in blood pressure. High PGE2 levels in pre-term infants were inversely correlated with urinary cAMP excretion. A decreasing PGE2/PGF2α ratio in full term infants was associated with increasing urinary osmolality. After intranasal administration of antidiuretic hormone (DDAVP) in 8 full term infants the increase in urinary osmolality and cAMP excretion was accompanied by a drop in PGE2 excretion to less than half the basal values. These findings suggests that the postnatal changes in urinary PG excretion are associated with a concomittant increase in blood pressure and in the concentrating capacity of the neonatal kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ; Antidiuretic hormone ; Urinary sodium excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Säuglingen zwischen der 1. und 25. Lebenswoche und bei Kindern zwischen dem 1. und 14. Lebensjahr wurden Renin im Plasma und Aldosteron im Urin in Abhängigkeit von der Natriumausscheidung des Endharns gemessen. Es fand sich eine reziproke Beziehung, die zeigt, daß die hohen Renin- und Aldosteronwerte der Säuglingszeit durch die niedrige Natriumaufnahme mit der Nahrung bedingt sind. Ein zusätzlicher Stimulus ist das Hypothalamus-Hypophysenhinterlappen-System, da durch antidiuretisches Hormon (ADH) Renin und Aldosteron gesenkt werden, was zu einer vermehrten Natriumausscheidung im Harn führt. Die Untersuchungen lassen eine Rückkoppelung zwischen dem Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System und der ADH-Sekretion erkennen, und diese Rückkoppelung scheint für den Wasser- und Elektrolythaushalt während der Säuglingszeit von Bedeutung zu sein.
    Notes: Abstract In babies ranging in age from 1 to 25 weeks and in children between 1 and 14 years, plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone activity were determined in relation to urinary sodium excretion. A reciprocal correlation was found demonstrating that the hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is stimulated in infants by a low sodium intake. A second stimulus was observed in the influence of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system, when the plasma renin activity was suppressed by administration of antidiuretic hormone and sodium excretion increased due to a decreased aldosterone activity. Our study suggests that there exists a feedback between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and ADH release and that this feedback plays an important role in the regulation of water and electrolyte balance in the young infant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 57 (1979), S. 1021-1029 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Prostaglandins ; Renin release ; Renal blood flow ; GFR ; Electrolyte balance ; Urine concentration ; Impaired kidney function ; Essential hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The kidney has a high capacity to produce a spectrum of different acting prostaglandins (PG). In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that renal formation of PG's, possibly in the vasculature of the cortex represents an essential step in the mechanisms regulating the secretion of renin. PG's formed in the cortex seem to participate also in the control of renal vascular resistance and glomerular filtration rate. PGE2 formed in the medulla modulates the hydroosmotic action of antidiuretic hormone and influences the kidney's capacity for urine concentratron. Renal PG formation is reduced by high NaCl intake and enhanced by low NaCl intake and in hypokalemic states. These findings make renal PG's good candidates for participation in the regulation of salt and water balance and in the control of blood pressure. Due to the close connection with the renin angiotensin system, alterations in renal PG formation might be involved in the etiology of high and low renin states. Thus, an impairment in the renal cortical production of vasodilating and renin-stimulating PG's could constitute the common denominator for both the reduced renin secretion and the increased vascular resistance which have been reported to be associated in essential hypertension.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Niere hat eine hohe Synthesekapazität für ein Spektrum verschieden wirkender Prostaglandine (PG). In vivo und in vitro Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, daß die renale Bildung von PG's, möglicherweise in Gefäßen der Nierenrinde, einen wichtigen Teil der verschiedenen Mechanismen für die Reninsekretion darstellt. In der Nierenrinde gebildete PG's scheinen auch an der Einstellung des renalen Gefäßwiderstandes und des Glomerulumfiltrats beteiligt zu sein. Im Nierenmark produziertes PGE2 moduliert die hydroosmotische Wirkung des antidiuretischen Hormons und beeinflußt so die Konzentrierungsfähigkeit der Niere. Hohe NaCl-Aufnahme vermindert und niedrige NaCl-Zufuhr sowie Hypokaliämie steigern die renale PG-Synthese. Diese Eigenschaften machen wahrscheinlich, daß renale PG's sowohl bei der Regulation der Elekrolyt- und Wasserbilanz als auch bei der Blutdruckkontrolle beteiligt sind. Wegen der engen Wechselwirkung mit dem Renin-Angiotensin-System könnten Veränderungen der renalen PG-Bildung eine Rolle bei Erkrankungen spielen, die mit erhöhten oder erniedrigten Reninspiegeln einhergehen. So könnte z.B. eine gestörte renal-kortikale Bildung vasodilatierender PG's sowohl für die verminderte Stimulierbarkeit der Reninsekretion als auch für den gesteigerten renalen Gefäßwiderstand bei essentieller Hypertonie mit verantwortlich sein.
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