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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nature of lorazepam-induced amnesia (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 83 (1984), S. 183-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Benzodiazepine ; Lorazepam ; Amnesia ; Learning ; Memory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of lorazepam (2.5 mg) was assessed in two tests of short-term retention (digit-span and Benton Visual Retention), and in verbal learning and picture recognition tests. Lorazepam was without effect in a test of digit-span, but it impaired performance in the Benton Visual Retention and picture recognition tests. In the verbal learning test lorazepam caused a severe anterograde amnesia. Increasing arousal during the presentation of material partially overcame this effect, but also improved the performance of controls. Lorazepam-treated subjects were able to learn a backwards-reading task at a rate no different from controls. The deficits caused by lorazepam are similar to those that have been observed in patients with the amnesic syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429732
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A pharmacokinetic study of CGS-8216, a benzodiazepine receptor ligand, in the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 84 (1984), S. 420-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: CGS-8216 ; Benzodiazepine ; Plasma ; Pharmacokinetics ; Rat ; Brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A rapid and sensitive method is described for the determination of CGS-8216 (a pyrazoloquinoline that displaces benzodiazepines from their binding sites in the brain but which reverses some of the behavioural actions of the benzodiazepines) in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. CGS-9896 serves as the internal standard. The method is applied to a pharmacokinetic study of CGS-8216 in the rat. CGS-8216 was not detectable in plasma 24 h after a single IP administration of a 10 mg/kg dose. Animals treated with five once-daily injections of CGS-8216 had plasma concentrations 30 min after the final injection that were approximately four-times those observed 30 min after a single treatment. This suggests that caution must be used in the interpretation of results from experiments using multiple administrations of CGS-8216. The compound could not be detected in brain tissue at any of the time points studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00555224
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of intracerebroventricular pertussis toxin treatment with the ataxic and hypothermic effects of ethanol (1991)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 344 (1991), S. 252-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Pertussis toxin ; Pertussis toxin B-oligomer ; G-proteins ; Ethanol ; Ataxia ; Hypothermia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (0.5 and 1.0 μg/animal, i. c. v., seven days prior to testing) reversed the reduction in locomotor activity in the holeboard test caused by administration of the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist, medetomidine (0.1 mg/kg, i. p.). Intrinsic behavioral effects of pertussis toxin treatment were also observed, these included a reduction in exploratory head-dipping and an increase in locomotor activity. These doses of pertussis toxin also reduced the ataxia induced by a 2.4 g/kg dose of ethanol. Pertussis toxin treated animals also exhibited a diminished hypothermic response to ethanol (2 g/kg), although the pertussis toxin treated animals had lower body temperatures prior to ethanol administration compared to sham treated animals. Neither the behavioral effect of pertussis holotoxin in the holeboard nor its effects on reversing medetomidine hypolocomotion or ethanol-induced ataxia were seen following administration of the binding oligomer of pertussis toxin which binds to the cell membrane but does not possess the enzymatically active subunit. These findings implicate mechanisms involving pertussis toxin sensitive G-proteins in modulating some behavioral and physiological effects of ethanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167227
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poor bioavailability of CGS 8216 in a water/tween vehicle following intraperitoneal injection (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 91 (1987), S. 260-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217076
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of novelty, isolation, light and ethanol on the social behavior of mice (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 96 (1988), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Social behavior ; Aggression ; Isolation ; Ethanol ; Light ; Motor activity ; Mouse ; Novelty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The social behavior of pairs of male NIH Swiss mice was assessed under a variety of experimental conditions. Increasing periods of isolation increased both the total time spent in social interaction and also increased the incidence of aggressive behavior. Familiarity with the testing arena tended to increase social behavior, but the magnitude of this effect was considerably less than that previously observed in rats. High light levels reduced social interaction. Ethanol (0.8–2.4 g/kg) caused a dose-related decrease in the total time spent in social interaction, a biphasic effect on aggressive behavior and a dose-related increase in locomotor activity. While the social interaction test in this form may not be a suitable model of anxiety in NIH Swiss mice, it should provide a useful method of assessing drug effects and investigating genetic influences on social and aggressive behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177558
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A late-appearing benzodiazepine-induced hypoactivity that is not reversed by a receptor antagonist (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 88 (1986), S. 520-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Benzodiazepine ; Sedation ; Locomotor activity ; Exploration ; Withdrawal ; Benzodiazepine antagonist ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The activity of rats in a holeboard test is reduced 30, 90, and 240 min after treatment with a single dose of lorazepam. The administration of a benzodiazepine antagonist (RO 15-1788) 20 min before the holeboard test (i.e., 10, 70, or 220 min after lorazepam administration) reverses the hypoactivity of animals tested 30 min after treatment with lorazepam, partially reverses the hypoactivity of animals tested 90 min after receiving lorazepam, but is without effect on the hypoactivity observed 240 min after treatment with the benzodiazepine. If, however, RO 15-1788 is given at the same time as lorazepam then it reverses the hypoactivity seen 4 h later. The results of these experiments demonstrate that a benzodiazepine can exert a behavioral effect at a time when it no longer appears to be acting at central benzodiazepine receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178518
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of a plus-maze to measure anxiety in the mouse (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 92 (1987), S. 180-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Anxiety ; Plus-maze ; Mouse ; Benzodiazepine receptor ; Stimulants ; Exploration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate whether an elevated plus-maze consisting of two open and two closed arms could be used as a model of anxiety in the mouse, NIH Swiss mice were tested in the apparatus immediately after a holeboard test. Factor analysis of data from undrugged animals tested in the holeboard and plus-maze yielded three orthogonal factors interpreted as assessing anxiety, directed exploration and locomotion. Anxiolytic drugs (chlordiazepoxide, sodium pentobarbital and ethanol) increased the proportion of time spent on the open arms, and anxiogenic drugs (FG 7142, caffeine and picrotoxin) reduced this measure. Amphetamine and imipramine failed to alter the indices of anxiety. The anxiolytic effect of chlordiazepoxide was reduced in mice that had previously experienced the plus-maze in an undrugged state. Testing animals in the holeboard immediately before the plus-maze test significantly elevated both the percentage of time spent on the open arms and the total number of arm entries, but did not affect the behavioral response to chlordiazepoxide. The plus-maze appears to be a useful test with which to investigate both anxiolytic and anxiogenic agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177912
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral effects of alpha2 adrenoceptor antagonists and their interactions with ethanol in tests of locomotion, exploration and anxiety in mice (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 97 (1989), S. 189-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Alpha2-adrenoceptors ; Ethanol ; Anxiety ; Exploratory behavior ; Locomotor activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The behavioral effects of two highly selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonists, atipamezole and idazoxan, were investigated in mice using the plusmaze test of anxiety and the holeboard test of directed exploration and locomotor activity. No anxiogenic effect, as assessed by the tendency to enter the closed as opposed to open arms of the plusmaze, was noted for either drug at any dose tested. Neither were there any significant effects on locomotor activity or directed exploration (head-dipping) in the holeboard, or total plusmaze arm entries at any dose of either drug. The co-administration of either atipamezole or idazoxan had no effect on either the anxiolytic effect of ethanol (2 g/kg) or its locomotor stimulant effect in the holeboard. Atipamezole (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) significantly reversed the ethanol-induced reduction in exploratory head-dipping; a similar trend was seen for idazoxan. There was also a significant potentiation of the ethanol-induced increase in the number of total arm entries made on the plusmaze caused by 1.0 mg/kg (but not 3.0 mg/kg) atipamezole and both 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg idazoxan. The results suggest that some of the behavioral effects of ethanol can be reversed by alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonists whilst others are unchanged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442248
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral interactions of fluoxetine and other 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors with ethanol in tests of anxiety, locomotion and exploration (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 96 (1988), S. 528-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Mice ; 5HT Uptake inhibitors ; Ethanol ; Locomotor activity ; Anxiety
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The 5HT uptake inhibitor fluoxetine had no effect on motor activity or directed exploration (head-dipping) in a holeboard test or in an elevated plusmaze test of anxiety. Fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) attenuated the anxiolytic effect of a 2.4 g/kg dose of ethanol in the plusmaze but failed to alter ethanol's effects on exploratory head-dipping or locomotion. This interaction did not seem directly related to fluoxetine's 5HT uptake inhibiting properties because it was not observed with other 5HT uptake inhibitors (fluvoxamine and citalopram). Desipramine, which predominantly inhibits noradrenaline uptake, also failed to show effects similar to those of fluoxetine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02180035
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time course of ethanol's effects on locomotor activity, exploration and anxiety in mice (1988)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 96 (1988), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Ethanol ; Locomotor activity ; Exploration ; Anxiety ; Time course ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The time course of the effects of two doses of ethanol on exploration, locomotor activity and anxiety were investigated using the holeboard and plus-maze tests. In an 8 min holeboard test the lower (1.2 g/kg) dose increased both exploration and locomotor activity 0.5 h after ethanol administration whereas the higher (2.4 g/kg) dose decreased exploration but caused an even greater increase in locomotor activity. This activity increase was also seen 1 h postadministration. In the plus-maze test both doses showed an increased number of arm-entries 0.5 h and 1 h after administration but only the 2.4 g/kg dose caused anxiolytic effects persisting for over 2 h. The results add further support to the notion that the behavioral effects of ethanol vary with dose, time of administration and the behavioral measure taken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02431535
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