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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 6 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ultrastructural findings in two cases of Hashimoto's disease and two cases of focal lymphocytic thyroiditis are reported. Stimulated thyrocytes, oncocytes and degenerating thyrocytes were observed in all cases. Multinucleated thyrocytes and epithelial pseudogiant cells were identified in Hashimoto's disease only. Infiltrating lymphocytes, plasma cells, monocytes and macrophages were present in all cases. The ultrastructure of germinal centres was similar to that seen in lymphatic organs. Giant cells of both intra- and extrafollicular localization were seen in Hashimoto's disease. Most of the giant cells were macrophage-derived. Two different ways of giant cell formation were identified: besides the familiar dissolution of plasma membranes of adjacent macrophages, another mechanism of fusion was observed. At sites of contact, peculiar membrane structures were developed and disintegration of plasma membranes occurred in parts adjacent to these structures. These are not identical to desmosomes and are different from Langerhans’ granules. They probably represent special organelles for the initiation of cellular fusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 338 (1965), S. 332-338 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The two most commonly applied methods for counting the argentaffine cells in the gastro-intestinal tract are compared in a series of 27 cases, including also stenosing tumors of the colon, and the encountered advantages and disadvantages are also compared with each other. The counting of a certain number of longitudinally sectioned crypts yields the most reliable values. The other method, the counting of cells in measured areas of the mucous membrane of identical lengths, is especially useful for the comparative examination of various staining methods in consecutive sections. In the large bowel the number of argentaffine cells increases towards the rectum, where the largest number is found. Regarding the distribution of the argentaffine cells and the melanosis pigmentation. No noticeable differences are found proximal and distal to the stenosing colon tumors. The findings obtained by the various staining methods run parallel with one other.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die beiden für die Auszählung der argentaffinen Zellen im Verdauungstrakt am häufigsten verwendeten Auszählmethoden werden an einer Serie von 27 Fällen mit zum Teil stenosierenden Dickdarmtumoren miteinander verglichen und die dabei gefundenen Vor- und Nachteile gegeneinander abgewogen. Dabei ergibt die Auszählung einer bestimmten Anzahl längsgetroffener Krypten die zuverlässigeren Werte. Die andere Methode, die Auszählung der Zellen in ausgemessenen Schleimhautabschnitten einer bestimmten Länge eignet sieh besonders für die vergleichende Untersuchung verschiedener Färbemethoden an aufeinanderfolgenden ] Schnitten. Im Dickdarm nimmt die Zahl der argentaffinen Zellen gegen das Rectum zu, um hier die höchsten Werte zu erreichen. Proximal und distal der stenosierenden Dickdarmtumoren fallen an der Verteilung der argentaffinen Zellen und des Melanosepigmentes keine Unterschiede auf. Die mit den verschiedenen Färbemethoden erzielten Werte verlaufen einander parallel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 340 (1965), S. 84-92 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In 30 Fällen von Seminomen und Teratomen, nach der Einteilung vonCollins undPugh klassiert, wird das tumorfreie Hodengewebe auf typische histologische Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Tumorgruppen geprüft. Nur in der Gruppe der malignen Teratome vom trophoblastischen Typ sind am tumorfreien Hoden-gewebe histologisch ausgesprochene und einheitliche Veränderungen in Form eines vollkommenen Unterganges der Spermiogenese und einer Hyperplasie der Leydigzellen erkennbar, Veränderungen die auf eine massive endokrine Beein-flussung des Resthodens durch den Tumor hinweisen. Bei allen anderen Tumorformen der Seminome und Teratome sind histologisch am restlichen Hodengewebe keine eindeutigen Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Tumorgruppen faßbar. Atypische Keimzellen treten in ungefähr 3/4 aller Fälle auf. Sie fehlen einzig bei den malignen Teratomen vom trophoblastischen Typ. Bei den Seminomen lassen sich diese atypischen Keimzellen nicht ganz eindeutig von ungewöhnlichen intra-tubulären Metastasen abgrenzen. Bei den Teratomen fällt diese Deutung dagegen außer Betracht. Da hier alle Übergänge von atypischen Keimzellen bis zu eigentlichen Seminomen beobachtet werden können, muß vermutet werden, daß derartige Wucherungen atypischer Keimzellen für die häufige Kombination von Teratomen mit Seminomen verantwortlich sein dürften. In erster Linie ist dabei an endokrine Beziehungen zu denken, die sich am vorliegenden Material aber nicht beweisen lassen.
    Notes: Summary Thirty cases of seminoma and teratoma of the testis are classified. The histo-pathologic picture of the remaining tumor-free testicular tissue is compared for the different tumor types. Definite and pronounced histologie evidence of endocrine activity of the tumor, especially disruption of spermatogenesis and hyperplasia of the Leydig cells, can be observed only in those tumors classified as malignant teratoma trophoblastic. Significant differences among all other classes of tumor are not evident. Atypical germinal cells are present in approximately 75% of the tumors but are absent in all four cases of malignant teratoma trophoblastic. Their significance in seminoma can be disputed in so far as they may represent only an unusual form of intratubular metastasis. Their presence in teratoma may be of much more pathogenetic significance, representing metaplastic or anaplastic foci peripheral to the main tumor and accounting for the frequent simultaneous occurrence of teratoma and seminoma. An endocrine relationship suspected between the teratoma and the foci of atypical germ cells is by no means proven.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 357 (1972), S. 281-298 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die besonderen Erscheinungsformen intrakranieller Keimzellgeschwülste werden an 11 Fällen des Institutes für Pathologische Anatomie der Universität Zürich demonstriert. Bei 2 Fällen handelt es sich um reine Teratome verschiedenen Differenzierungsgrades, bei 8 Fällen um seminomartige Tumoren. Eine Geschwulst ist als Kombination eines Teratoms mit einem Seminom aufzufassen. Bei einem der 8 Patienten mit rein seminomartigen Tumoren bestand als Besonderheit eine multizentrische seminomartige Geschwulst in der Suprasellärgegend und im Mediastinum. Die histologischen Bilder der verschiedenen intrakraniellen Keimzellgeschwülste und die relative Häufigkeit der einzelnen Tumorformen entsprechen weitgehend denjenigen gleichartiger Geschwülste des Hodens. Die Tumoren lassen sich deshalb ohne Schwierigkeiten nach dem Klassifikationsschema für Hodengeschwülste von Collins und Pugh einordnen. Die seminomartigen intrakraniellen Geschwülste sind mit dem „anisomorphen Pinealom“ von Zülch identisch. Die kleinzellige Komponente derartiger Tumoren ist als entzündliche Reaktion zu interpretieren, zeigt sie doch die gleichen Erscheinungsformen wie bei den Seminomen des Hodens. Die Intensität der entzündlichen Reaktion scheint gewisse Rückschlüsse auf die Malignität der Geschwülste zu erlauben.
    Notes: Summary The special problems of intracranial germ cell tumors are demonstrated and discussed with reference to a series of 11 cases from the Institute of Pathological Anatomy of the University of Zürich. 2 cases had pure teratomas varying in the degree of differentiation, 8 had seminoma-like tumors, and in 1 case there was a mixture of seminoma-like tumor and teratoma. One of the eight cases with seminoma-like tumor showed a multicentric seminoma-like tumor partly in the suprasellar region, partly in the mediastinum. The histological pattern of intracranial germ cell tumors and their relative frequency are in keeping with those of such tumors in the testes. Therefore, the classification of Collins and Pugh can be applied without difficulty. The seminoma-like intracranial tumors are identical to the anisomorphic pinealoma described by Zülch. The small cell component of the tumor is thought to be an inflammatory reaction and shows the same pattern as in seminoma of the testis. The intensity of the inflammation, especially the epitheloid cell reaction, may be related to the malignancy of the tumor.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 357 (1972), S. 231-242 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Orchioblastom oder hellzellige Adenocarcinom gilt als typische Geschwulst des kindlichen Hodens. In einer Sammlung von 122 Hodenteratomen des Erwachsenen, klassiert nach der Einteilung von Collins und Pugh, finden sich in 37% der Tumoren unterschiedlich große Herde aus orchioblastomartig gebautem Gewebe. 7,4% dieser Tumoren enthalten sogar sehr ausgedehnte derartige Anteile oder bestehen fast vollständig daraus. Auch in Teratommetastasen können orchioblastomartige Herde nachgewiesen werden, unabhängig davon, ob sie in den Primärtumoren vorhanden sind oder nicht. Während orchioblastomartige Gewebe in den Intermediärtypen A und B der malignen Teratome relativ häufig vorkommen, fehlen sie definitionsgemäß in den Gruppen der differenzierten Teratome und der anaplastischen Teratome. Wesentliche Unterschiede im klinischen Verlauf von Teratomen mit orchioblastomartigen Herden und solchen ohne orchioblastomartige Herde bestehen nicht. Die Beziehung des Orchioblastoms zu den orchioblastomartigen Herden in den Teratomen und damit zu den Teratomen überhaupt wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The orchioblastoma or clear cell adenocarcinoma is considered to be a typical tumor of the infant testis. In a collection of 122 testicular teratomas in adults, using Collins and Pugh's classification, 37% of the tumors are found with different large foci of orchioblastoma-like tissue. 7.4% of these tumors contain extensive orchioblastoma-like structures or consist almost entirely of them. These structures can also be found in metastases of teratomas independently, whether or not they exist in primary tumors. While orchioblastoma-like tissue is found relatively often in malignant teratomas intermediate type A and B, they are missing in the groups of teratomas differentiated and teratomas anaplastic, corresponding to the definition of these groups. There are no essential differences in the clinical course of teratomas, with or without orchioblastoma-like structures. The relationship of the so-called orchioblastoma to orchioblastoma-like tissue in teratomas, and therefore to the teratomas themselves, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 341 (1966), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The germinal epithelium of the testes of 105 autopsied children (up to nine years of age) and 100 biopsies of retained testes (from boys nine to 17 years of age) was studied histologically for acidophilic, granular cells resembling the socalled oncocytes. Such acidophilic, granular cells were found in 19 children (9.2% of all cases). In unselected autopsies these cells were demonstrable in the testes of only three boys (3%), whereas in retained testes of boys of prepubertal ages they were found in 16 testes (16%). Morphologically the acidophilic, granular cells resemble oncocytes of other organs. Their granules, however, have specific morphologic and tinctorial qualities different from those of the oncocytes. These differences and the occurrence of the cells in the germinal epithelium of the testes of infants preclude these cells being the same as the oncocytes. Since the acidophilic, granular cells are found principally in dystopic or dysplastic testes, their demonstration in children assumes special importance for the prognostic evaluation of later development of the testis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In 105 Autopsien von Neugeborenen und Kindern bis 9 Jahren und in 100 Biopsien von Knaben zwischen 9 und 17 Jahren werden die Gonaden auf das Vorkommen eosinophil granulierter onkocytenartiger Zellen im Keimepithel geprüft. Im Gesamtuntersuchungsgut kommen derartige Zellen bei 19 Knaben, d.h. bei 9,2% der Fälle vor. Bei unausgewählten Autopsiefällen sind sie nur bei annähernd 3 % der Beobachtungen zu sehen, bei Biopsien dagegen, die aus dystopen Hoden der späteren präpuberalen Altersstufe stammen, bei 16% der Fälle. Morphologisch erinnern die eosinophil gekörnten Zellen an Onkocyten anderer Organe. Die Granula weisen aber gewisse gestaltliche und färberische Eigenschaften auf, die mit denjenigen typischer Onkocyten nicht übereinstimmen. Auch spricht das Auftreten dieser Zellen im Keimepithel des frühen Kindesalters gegen die Identität derartiger gekörnter Zellen mit Onkocyten. Da die eosinophil gekörnten Zellen vor allem in dystopen oder dysplastischen Hoden gefunden werden, kommt ihrem Nachweis bei Kindern möglicherweise eine gewisse Bedeutung für die prognostische Beurteilung der späteren Hodenentwicklung zu.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 377 (1977), S. 67-78 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Testicular neoplasms ; Neoplasm regression, spontaneous
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In 6 von 61 nachkontrollierten AutopsiefÄllen mit metastasierenden Seminomen und Teratomen finden wir in den Hoden Narben oder Rudimente differenzierter Teratome und Seminome, Bilder, die denjenigen sogenannter ausgebrannter Hodentumoren entsprechen. Seminome lösen hÄufig eine ausgeprÄgte granulomatöse Reaktion aus, so da\ vollstÄndig ausgebrannte Formen, wie in einem Fall beobachtet, an und für sich zu erwarten sind. Aber auch Teratome können weitgehend vernarben und damit leicht übersehen werden. Bei 5 Patienten mit teratomatösen Metastasen sind in 3 FÄllen kleine differenzierte Hodenteratome von 1, 3 und 12 mm Durchmesser zu erkennen, in 1 Fall eine Rete testis-nahe Narbe von 10 mm Durchmesser und in einem letzten Fall ein mikroskopisch kleines intra- und extratubulÄres Seminom. In 3 dieser 5 FÄlle lassen sich atypische Keimzellen und in 2 FÄllen kleine Seminomreste von 3 und 13 mm Durchmesser in der Umgebung der Tumorrudimente nachweisen. Atypische Keimzellen und Seminomreste können damit für den Nachweis kleiner, mikroskopisch kaum fa\barer Teratomherde wegleitend sein. Diese 6 Beobachtungen machen ungefÄhr 10% unserer AutopsiefÄlle mit Keimzelltumoren aus. Weitere Probleme der Diagnostik werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Of 61 cases of metastasizing seminomas and teratomas that came to autopsy at the Institute of Pathology, University of Zürich, 51 had been known to originate in primary testicular neoplasms, while in the remaining 10 the scrotal contents were clinically unremarkable. Of these, the testicles of two cases were devoid of tumor even on histologic examination; in a third case the right testicle had been absent since birth, suggesting its possible intraperitoneal location and malignant transformation. Yet another case displayed a malignant teratoma primarily infiltrating the mediastinum, while an isolated focus of a generalized large-cell lymphoma in the lower pole of the left testicle was mistaken for its origin. The remaining six cases, however, demonstrated histologic alterations that suggest “burned-out” testicular malignancies. Out of five of these patients with exclusively teratomatous metastases, three had differentiated testicular teratomas, varying in diameter between one and twelve mm; a fourth manifested a scar 10 mm in length in the vicinity of the rete testis; the fifth displayed an intra- and extratubular seminoma of microscopic dimensions. In two of these five cases, small foci of seminoma could be seen in close relationship to the teratomas, and in three patients, atypical germ cells were found within seminiferous tubules. It may well be that the presence of atypical germ cells and foci of seminoma are indicative of small teratomatous lesions which have escaped microscopic scrutiny. Finally, one testis in a patient with metastases typical of seminoma consisted of scar tissue to an extent that is unusual even for seminomas with a marked stromal reaction. These observations represent approximately 10% of our autopsy cases with germ cell tumors.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hashimoto's thyroiditis ; Focal thyroiditis ; Granulomatous thyroiditis ; Immunohistology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 65 cases of focal lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease and five cases of thyroiditis de Quervain were studied with immunohistological methods. In both focal lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease, lymph follicles with active germinal centers were found which contained germinal center cells that stained positively for intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins (heavy and/or light chains). Positively staining germinal center cells made up only a minor portion of overall immunoglobulin-positive cells; most of the positive infiltrating cells were plasmacytes arranged in small groups or clusters among thyroid follicles. Thus the number of immunoglobulin-containing cells differed greatly between focal lymphocytic thyroiditis, where sites of infiltration were represented by lymph follicles, and Hashimoto's disease. In the former, only a few cells outside lymph follicles stained positively for intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins, whereas in the latter numerous cells within areas of coherent infiltration did. Furthermore, in most cases of Hashimoto's disease macrophages and giant cells with positive staining for lysozyme were present in variable numbers, while in focal thyroiditis they were less frequent or absent. Between these two immunohistologically separable groups, i.e. focal lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease, there were many cases with features of both. Considering the occurrence of such intermediate forms and some immunohistological similarities between Hashimoto's disease and focal lymphocytic thyroiditis (nearly identical ratio of the different immunoglobulin classes and similar distribution of immunoglobulin-positive germinal center cells), it is likely that these lesions represent different activities of a same immunological process. Thyroiditis de Quervain was characterized immunologically by numerous macrophage clusters and giant cells that both stained positively for lysozyme. Compared with the giant cells seen in Hashimoto's disease (mainly of Langhans type), those of de Quervain's thyroiditis (mainly of foreign body type) were larger and more numerous. Lymph follicles (with or without active germinal centers) were not observed. Among infiltrating cells, numerous plasmacytes that stained positively for intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins were identified. Their number and the distribution pattern of the different classes of immunoglobulins contained within them was similar to those seen in Hashimoto's disease.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 412 (1988), S. 357-363 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Thyroiditis lymphomatous ; Solid cell nests (SCN) ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In Hashimoto's thyroiditis squamous metaplasia has been described by several authors. Such foci resemble the so-called solid cell nests (SCN) of the thyroid, epidermoid structures thought to be remnants of the fourth endodermal pouch. These cell nests can be identified by their particular histological appearances and by their positive reaction with polyclonal anti-CEA. In order to study this phenomenon more closely we examined the H&E-stained histological sections of 79 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis systematically. In 39 cases cell nests of three different types could be demonstrated: Small groups of elongated cells organized into solid epidermoid clusters, larger epithelial cells forming solid nests or similar epithelial but cystic structures. 29 of these 39 cases were further investigated immunohistochemically for the presence of thyroglobulin, CEA (polyclonal antiserum) and calcitonin. The first type of cell nest did not show any CEA-positivity, whereas the second and third type contained CEA-positive cells in 73% of the cases. In no cases were thyroglobulin-or calcitonin-positive cells identified in these epidermoid foci. Slide series of 25 of the 39 cases have further been investigated immunohistochemically for the presence of CEA (monoclonal antiserum), chromogranin, keratin and the epitope for Lu-5. In these additional series foci of epidermoid cells could be demonstrated in up to 15 of the 25 cases. They showed a positive reaction for the monoclonal CEA antiserum in only 3 of 15 cases, for anti-keratin in 5 of 14 cases and for Lu-5 in 13 of 15 cases. Immunoreactions for chromogranin were negative in all cases. Our findings suggest that epidermoid cell nests in Hashimoto's thyroiditis more closely resemble SCN than foci of follicular cell squamous metaplasia.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 350 (1970), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Anhand von 10 autoptisch gewonnenen Hoden bei über 50jährigen und 8 Biopsien bei jüngeren Patienten mit Klinefelter-Syndrom (KS) wird das Verhalten der Samenkanälchen in Abhängigkeit zum Alter der Patienten überprüft. Auf Grund sowohl des morphologischen als auch des quantitativen Verhaltens machen die Samenkanälchen einen Auflösungsprozeß durch. Dieser ist an sich unspezifisch, kann er doch auch bei zahlreichen andern krankhaften Zuständen nachgewiesen werden. Er ist aber nur beim KS derart ausgeprägt, daß auf ganzen Hodenschnitten von älteren Patienten nur noch einige wenige Samenkanälchen gefunden werden. Das Verhalten der elastischen Fasern zeigt, daß dieser Auflösungsprozeß zur Zeit der Pubertät beginnt. Zunächst werden jene Tubuli betroffen, die keine puberale Reifung durchgemacht haben, in einem späteren Zeitpunkt aber auch die übrigen Kanälchen. Die Ursache des Auflösungsprozesses ist nicht bekannt.
    Notes: Summary We studied ten testes from men over fifty years old and eight testicular biopsies from younger men with Klinefelter's syndrome (KS). We paid special attention to relationships between the seminiferous tubules and the patient's age. The tubules underwent morphological and numerical regression. That degenerative process, however, proved to be non-specific since it was associated with other diseases. In KS it was so extensive that in sections of whole testes from older patients only few tubules were found. The occurrence of the elastic fibres showed that the degenerative process began in puberty. At first only those tubules were affected that did not mature during puberty. Later, however, the remaining tubules degenerated. The cause of the degeneration remains unknown.
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