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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric, adipic, and 2-oxoglutaric acids measured by HPLC in the plasma from diabetic patients
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinical Biochemistry 20 (1987), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-9120
    Keywords: 2-oxoglutaric acids ; 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric ; adipic ; diabetes ; plasma organic acid determination
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9120(87)80012-7
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypertension and non-insulin-dependent diabetes (1995)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 32 (1995), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Non-insulin-dependent diabetes ; Microalbuminuria ; Lisinopril ; Nifedipine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme lisinopril were compared with those of the calcium antagonist nifedipine in 162 non-insulin-dependent diabetic hypertensive patients for a 24-week period. In 83 and 79 patients, respectively, lisinopril and slow-release nifedipine produced similar reductions in blood pressure (systolic/diastolic: −16/−13 mmHg supine and −14/−11 mmHg standing after lisinopril; −15/−12 mmHg supine and −14/−11 mmHg standing after nifedipine). Fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and plasma lipids appeared to be unaffected by either agent. Also, 28% of the patients on lisinopril and 30% of those on nifedipine presented microalbuminuria. Both drugs induced a reduction in the albumin excretion rate (AER). The geometric meanxx: tolerance factor of the reduction in AER among the 23 microalbuminuric patients on lisinopril (−10.0xx:1.3 μg/min) was greater, though not significantly so, than that observed in the 26 on nifedipine (−0.9x:1.2 μg/min). Moreover, lisinopril appeared to be better tolerated than nifedipine in our study population. Microalbuminuria is an important risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients as well as in the general population. To what extent a reduction in the AER could ameliorate the cardiovascular prognosis in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients is, at present, unknown. Finally, both lisinopril and nifedipine showed a similar antihypertensive effect in these patients which was not associated with significant differences in plasma glucose, insulin or lipid concentrations. The clinical consequences of the insignificant differences in AER remain unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00838494
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipids and diabetic nephropathy: hypertension, microalbuminuria and lipids in type 2 diabetic patients (1992)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 29 (1992), S. 231-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Atherosclerosis ; Cholesterol ; Hypertension Risk factors ; Triglycerides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hypertension and microalbuminuria are predictors of cardiovascular mortality in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes independently of other conventional risk factors. The presence of high triglyceride levels with small and/or dense low density lipoprotein particles is associated with cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to analyse the plasma lipids, Na+/Li+ countertransport (a genetic marker of hypertension) and microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients. Plasma lipids were determined in 15 normotensive normoalbuminuric (H−M−), 32 hypertensive normoalbuminuric (H+M−) and 22 hypertensive microalbuminuric (H+M+) type 2 diabetic patients and in 20 sex-and age-matched non-diabetic subjects. Plasma cholesterol was significantly higher in H+M+ patients than in controls (226±38 vs 192±38 mg/dl, mean ±SD). Plasma triglycerides were significantly higher in H+M+ patients than in either controls or H−M− patients (192±117 vs 104±59 and 115±52 respectively). The Na+/Li+ countertransport activity in red blood cells was significantly higher in H+M− and H+M+ patients than in controls, and in the type 2 diabetic patients it was directly related to plasma triglycerides (r=0.53,P〈0.0001) and inversely to high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (r=−0.43,P〈0.0001). Microalbuminuria, hypertension and elevated Na+/Li+ countertransport activity are thus associated with high triglyceride and low HDL cholesterol levels in type 2 diabetic patients. This atherogenic lipoprotein pattern might at least partially explain the association of microalbuminuria with cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00573494
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of hypertension and microalbuminuria in adult type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients without renal failure in Italy. I. Validation of screening techniques to detect microalbuminuria (1992)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 29 (1992), S. 156-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy ; Microalbuminuria ; Type 1 (insulin0dependent) diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The prevalence of microalbuminuria and arterial hypertension among type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients is poorly known in Italy. In the preliminary phase of a large outpatient screening programme, we addressed the possibility of using non-time urine samples to predit the chance of detecting albumin excretion rate (AER) in the range of microalbuminuria. We therefore measured urinary albumin and creatinine concentration in timed overnight collections from 641 type 1 diabetic patients with serum creatinine levels lower than 133 μmol/l. AER was strongly and comparably predicted both by urinary albumin concentration (UAlb;r 2=0.754) and by the urinary albumin to creatinine concentration ratio (A/C;r 2=0.773). After exploring several independent cut-off levels for UAlb and A/C, AER in the range 20–200 μg/min (n=91) was found to be predicted with 90% sensitivity and specificity either by UAlb≧20 mg/l or by A/C≧2.0 mg/mmol. UAlb was negatively associated with diuresis, and false negative outcomes were explained by polyuria when screening by this variable. A/C was positively associated with female gender among normoalbuminuric patients, in line with the lower urinary excretion of creatinine in women (7.2±0.25 vs 10.2±0.35 μmol/min,P〈0.00001). A significant excess of false positive outcomes in women compared with men was found when screening by any A/C cut-off level equal to or less than 2.5 mg/mmol. Simplified screening techniques seem to remain, however, a practicable option for the detection of microalbuminuria both in epidemiology and in clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00573481
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipoprotein compositional abnormalities in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (1993)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 30 (1993), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Apoproteins ; Atherosclerosis ; Cholesterol ; Lipoproteins ; Triglycerides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in good metabolic control usually have normal plasma lipid levels yet they have an increased incidence of vascular complications. Abnormalities in the distribution and composition of lipoprotein subfractions might in part be responsible for the macroangiopathy seen in type 1 diabetes mellitus. The plasma lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were studied in 9 type 1 diabetic patients during conventional insulin therapy and in 14 healthy controls. Plasma lipoproteins were analysed by ultracentrifugation in a zonal rotor to evaluate their concentrations and flotation properties and for compositional analysis. In diabetic patients the mean glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was 9.44±1.02% and the plasma lipid concentrations were not significantly different from healthy controls. The very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) subclass cholesterol concentrations were no different in diabetic patients and control subjects, but the VLDL cholesterol/triglyceride ratio was significantly lower in diabetic patients than in control subjects (0.34±0.05 vs 0.85±0.14; p〈0.05). The flotation rate of LDL2, the major component of low density lipoprotein (LDL) was lower in the diabetic patients compared with the control subjects. The cholesterol concentrations of intermediate density lipoprotein and LDL3, the minor component of LDL, were significantly higher (0.17±0.03 and 0.83±0.14 mmol/l respectively) in diabetic patients than in control subjects (0.05±0.02 and 0.24±0.08 mmol/l). The flotation properties and cholesterol concentrations of the high density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass, and the protein-lipid composition of LDL2, HDL2 and HDL3, were no different in diabetic patients and control subjects. Diabetic patients had lower apoprotein AII and higher CII and E levels than control subjects. the plasma lipoproteins in type 1 diabetes mellitus are characterized by increased intermediate density lipoprotein and LDL3 concentrations and by abnormal LDL2 flotation properties. These lipoprotein abnormalities might have a role in atherogenesis in type 1 diabetic patients since similar alterations were associated in some recent epidemiological studies with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in non-diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00572867
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric, adipic, and 2-oxoglutaric acids measured by HPLC in the plasma from diabetic patients
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinical Biochemistry 20 (1987), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-9120
    Keywords: 2-oxoglutaric acids ; 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric ; adipic ; diabetes ; plasma organic acid determination
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9120(87)80012-7
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The metabolic and hormonal response to acute normoglycaemia in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes: Studies with a glucose controlled insulin infusion system (artificial endocrine pancreas) (1982)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 23 (1982), S. 220-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Metabolic control ; artificial pancreas ; lactate ; pyruvate ; glycerol ; non-esterified fatty acids ; total ketone bodies ; glucose turnover ; glucose recycling ; glucagon ; growth hormone ; Type 1 diabetes ; subcutaneous insulin therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve insulin deficient Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects were studied over an 11 1/2 h period during both subcutaneous insulin therapy and closed loop insulin delivery, using a glucose controlled insulin infusion system (Biostator) programmed to maintain normoglycaemia. Results were compared with those from 21 age and weight-matched normal subjects. Using the Biostator, normoglycaemia was achieved in all diabetic subjects within 3.5 h and normal profiles maintained thereafter. Blood metabolite and hormone values were evaluated during the subsequent 8 h normoglycaemic period. Subcutaneous therapy resulted in abnormal glucose levels throughout the study period (mean 8 h value 8.3±0.7 compared with 5.6±0.3 mmol/l on feedback control and 5.5.±0.1 mmol/l in normal subjects). The mean value of lactate and pyruvate over the final 8 h period was 25% higher in diabetic patients than in normal subjects with no difference between the two insulin treatments (blood lactate: 0.94±0.04 on subcutaneous insulin, 0.91±0.04 on feedback control and 0.74±0.03 mmol/l in control subjects). The pre-prandial peaks of blood glycerol and plasma non-esterified fatty acids were significantly decreased or absent during both feedback control and subcutaneous therapy in comparison with the normal subjects, whereas after the midday and evening meals, total ketone body levels were significantly higher in the diabetic patients. Peripheral serum free insulin levels were two-to fourfold greater in the diabetic than in the normal subjects. There were no significant differences between levels in diabetic patients receiving subcutaneous insulin or on the Biostator. Glucose turnover (1600–1800 h) was normal on feedback control (1.41±0.20 versus 1.55±0.18 mg · kg-1 · min-1 in the normal subjects) but was significantly decreased during subcutaneous insulin (1.04±0.09 mg · kg-1 · min-1). There was, in addition, a decrease in glucose recycling during both subcutaneous insulin therapy and feedback control in the diabetic subjects. These data suggest that although fine control of glucose metabolism both in terms of circulating concentrations and rates of production can be achieved by feedback-control, insulin infusion by the peripheral route is associated with significant metabolic abnormalities, at least in the short term. Longer term studies and examination of portal insulin delivery seem warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252845
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the estimation of absorption of subcutaneous injected insulin from plasma concentrations using mathematical models (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 26 (1984), S. 314-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283657
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clustering of albumin excretion rate abnormalities in Caucasian patients with NIDDM (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 816-823 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; micro-macroalbuminuria ; familial clustering ; sib pair analysis ; diabetic retinopathy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Proteinuria and nephropathy have been found to cluster in families of non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) Pima Indian, and in Caucasian insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients. No information is at present available for Caucasian NIDDM patients. The aim of the present study was to determine whether micro-macroalbuminuria (AER + ) is associated with albumin excretion rate abnormalities in diabetic and non-diabetic siblings of probands with NIDDM and AER + . We identified 169 Caucasian families with one NIDDM proband (the patient with longest known NIDDM duration) (101 families with only NIDDM siblings, 33 families with both NIDDM and non-NIDDM siblings and 35 families with only non-NIDDM siblings). Of the probands 56 had AER + [Prob-NIDDM-(AER + )], 78 had AER– [Prob-NIDDM-(AER–)], 74 siblings of Prob-NIDDM-(AER + ), and 113 siblings of Prob-NIDDM-(AER–) also had NIDDM. Data on albuminuria and retinopathy from multiple sibling pairs when the size of the sibship was more than two was adjusted according to a weighting factor. The odds ratio for AER + , in siblings of Prob-NIDDM-(AER + ) adjusted for age, hypertension, glycated haemoglobin A1 c and other confounding variables was 3.94 (95 % confidence intervals: 1.93–9.01) as compared to siblings of Prob-NIDDM-(AER–). The 74 siblings of Prob-NIDDM-(AER + ) had higher prevalence of proliferative retinopathy than siblings of Prob-NIDDM-(AER–) (14 vs 2 %; p 〈 0.01). We also identified 66 non-diabetic siblings of 41 NIDDM probands with AER + and 36 non-diabetic siblings of 27 NIDDM probands with AER–. Albumin excretion was two times higher, although still within the normal range, in the non-diabetic siblings of Prob-NIDDM-(AER + ) than in siblings of Prob-NIDDM-(AER–) [median = 13.5 (range 0.5–148) vs 6.6 (range 1–17) μg/min (p 〈 0.05)]. In conclusion higher rates of albumin excretion aggregate in Caucasian families with NIDDM. Proliferative retinopathy is more frequently observed in families showing a clustering of AER + and NIDDM. These findings suggest that familial factors play a role in the pathogenesis of renal and retinal complications in NIDDM. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 816–823]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050754
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insulin and glucagon secretion in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with circulating islet cell antibodies (1977)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 13 (1977), S. 451-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes ; autoimmunity and diabetes ; islet cell antibodies ; insulin and glucagon secretion ; glucose and arginine infusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-nine patients (14 non-diabetics, 8 chemical diabetics, and 17 overt diabetics) with circulating islet cell antibodies (ICA) were studied. Insulin and glucagon secretion after oral (100 g) and intravenous glucose loading (200 mg/kg bolus injection followed by an infusion of 20 mg/min over 60 min) and arginine infusion (25 g over 30 minutes) were evaluated in these patients and in non diabetic and diabetic ICA-negative controls. In the non-diabetic groups with or without ICA, insulin and glucagon responses to glucose were similar. Moreover, in ICA positive patients the response of these hormones to arginine infusion was reduced. Similar alterations in insulin and glucagon secretion were observed in the ICA positive and negative patients with chemical or overt diabetes. In particular, fasting hyperglucagonaemia and glucagon hyperresponse to arginine are associated with a lack of insulin secretion in the patients with overt diabetes. Hormonal differences between diabetics with and without ICA could not be detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01234495
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