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  • Electronic Resource  (160)
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  • 2010-2014
  • 2000-2004  (160)
  • chemotherapy  (81)
  • kinetics  (79)
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  • Electronic Resource  (160)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcatheter therapy of gastric cancer metastatic to the liver: preliminary results (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of gastroenterology 35 (2000), S. 907-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: Key words: gastric cancer ; liver neoplasms ; secondary ; interventional radiology ; chemotherapy ; chemoembolization ; therapeutic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Little is known about the effectiveness of transcatheter chemotherapy in liver metastases from gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial results of hepatic artery infusion and oily chemoembolization in these liver secondaries. Courses of transcatheter arterial infusion with 5-fluorouracil/doxorubicin (12 patients) and oily chemoembolization with doxorubicin-in-iodized oil and gelatin sponge (12 patients) were performed in 24 patients with histologically proven unresectable gastric cancer liver metastases. A positive effect of treatment (partial response + stabilization) was seen in 92% of the patients after chemoinfusion and in 50% after chemoembolization. The 1- and 2-year actuarial survival rates were 92% and 53% for infusion vs 50% and 17% for chemoembolization, respectively (log-rank test, P = 0.0009). For patients who had already died, the mean survival was 19.2 months vs 9.5 months (Student's t-test, P 〈 0.05) with median survivals of 23 months vs 8 months, respectively. The results with arterial infusion were very close to those reported for liver resection. Transcatheter therapy appears to be useful for the palliation of unresectable liver metastases from gastric cancer. If regional chemotherapy is used, arterial infusion should be the first-choice treatment, with oily chemoembolization being reserved for patients who do not respond to infusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005350070004
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Docetaxel (Taxotere®)–cisplatin (TC): An effective drug combination in gastric carcinoma (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 301-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; docetaxel ; gastric cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose:A multi-centric trial was performed to explore theclinical activity, in terms of response and toxicity (primary objectives),duration of response and survival (secondary objectives), of docetaxel withcisplatin in advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Patients and methods:Patients with measurable unresectable and/ormetastatic gastric carcinoma, performance status ≤1, normal hematological,hepatic and renal functions and not pretreated for advanced disease bychemotherapy received up to eight cycles of TC (docetaxel 85 mg/m2d1, cisplatin 75 mg/m2 d1) q3w. Dose escalation to 100mg/m2 was performed in five patients and was discontinued forexcessive toxicity. Results:Forty-eight patients were accrued. A median of 5cycles/patient was given. We observed 2 complete and 25 partial responses foran overall intent to treat response rate of 56% (95% CI:41%–71%). Twelve patients had stable disease for ≥9weeks (3 cycles). The median time to progression and overall survival were 6.6and 9 months, respectively. Grade ≥3 toxicities were neutropenia81%, anemia 32%, thrombocytopenia 4%, alopecia36%, fatigue 9%, mucositis 9%, diarrhea 6%,nausea/vomiting 4%, neurologic 2%, and one anaphylaxisprecluding treatment administration. We recorded nine episodes of non-fatalfebrile neutropenia in eight patients, two of them with docetaxel at 100mg/m2. There were no direct treatment-related deaths. Conclusions:TC is active in AGC with a high response rate in amulticentric trial. Despite its hematotoxicity, this regimen is well toleratedand can be recycled as originally planned in 78% of the cases. Theseresults may serve as basis for further developments of docetaxel containingregimens in this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008342013224
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A phase I–II study of concomitant chemoradiotherapy with paclitaxel (one-hour infusion), 5-fluorouracil and hydroxyurea with granulocyte colony stimulating factor support for patients with poor prognosis head and neck cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 721-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; concomitant chemoradiotherapy ; head and neck cancer ; paclitaxel ; radiation ; reirradiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Concomitant chemoradiotherapy is an effectivetreatment modality for advanced head and neck cancer, but improved regimensare needed. We sought to define the toxicities, recommended phase II dose, andoutcome of a combination chemotherapy regimen with concomitanthyperfractionated radiotherapy in patients with poor prognosis cancers of thehead and neck, including those having received prior curative intentradiotherapy. Patients and methods:From 1995 until 1997, 54 patients weretreated, 25 of whom had received a prior full course of radiotherapy to thehead and neck. Patients were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 600mg/m2/day continuous infusion × 5 days (days 1–5),hydroxyurea, 500 mg p.o. bid × 11 doses (days 1–6) and paclitaxel(60–150 mg/m2) by one-hour infusion on day 2 using a doseescalation strategy. Radiotherapy was given concomitantly on days 2–6,150 cGy bid. Each of 4–5 cycles was delivered every other week. Results:The MTD of paclitaxel was 100 mg/m2. Theregimen was feasible; radiotherapy was delivered at a median of 7300 cGy and83% of patients received ≥80% planned dose intensity.Hematological toxicity, with granulocyte colony stimulating factor, was verymild. Dose limiting toxicities were mucositis and dermatitis. Despite poorprognosis, two-year survival was 45%. Conclusions:The recommended phase II dose of this regimen is 5-FU600 mg/m2/day × 120 hours (days 1–5), hydroxyurea 500mg p.o. b.i.d. × 11 doses (days 1–6), paclitaxel 100mg/m2 over one hour on day 2, and radiotherapy 150 cGy b.i.d. days2–6. Concomitant chemotherapy and re-irradiation was feasible on thisprotocol and resulted in long-term survival in patients without other curativeintent options.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008324131519
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous pneumothorax in malignancy: A case report and review of the literature (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 887-889 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; lung metastases ; spontaneous pneumothorax
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Pneumothorax occurring in the absence of obvious lungdisease is defined as spontaneous pneumothorax. Spontaneous pneumothoraxoccurs in a variety of settings in patients with malignancies. Patients and methods:We present a case report of spontaneouspneumothorax in malignancy and review the literature. Results:No correlation was found between the occurrence ofpneumothorax with age, sex or smoking history. Pneumothorax occurred with avariety of primary tumors. However it was always associated with lungmetastases or lung involvement with tumor. In certain cases the metastaseswere detected after the occurrence of pneumothorax. Conclusions:The occurrence of pneumothorax in a patient withmalignancy should prompt a search for lung metastases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008323632078
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why Does the Linear Driving Force Model for Adsorption Kinetics Work? (2000)
    Springer
    Adsorption 6 (2000), S. 137-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8757
    Keywords: adsorption ; kinetics ; linear driving force model ; process design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The Linear Driving Force (LDF) model for gas adsorption kinetics is frequently and successfully used for analysis of adsorption column dynamic data and for adsorptive process designs because it is simple, analytic, and physically consistent. Yet, there is a substantial difference in the characteristics of isothermal batch uptake curves on adsorbent particles by the LDF and the more rigorous Fickian Diffusion (FD) model. It is demonstrated by using simple model systems that the characteristics of the adsorption kinetics at the single pore or the adsorbent particle level are lost in (a) evaluating overall uptake on a heterogeneous porous solid, (b) calculating breakthrough curves from a packed adsorbent column, and (c) establishing the efficiency of separation by an adsorptive process due to repeated averaging of the base kinetic property. That is why the LDF model works in practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008965317983
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of K, Cs and Ba on the kinetics of NH3 synthesis over carbon-based ruthenium catalysts (2000)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 68 (2000), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: ammonia synthesis ; kinetics ; ruthenium catalysts ; promotional effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of NH3 synthesis over carbon-based ruthenium catalysts promoted with barium or alkali was studied. Both the ammonia partial pressure dependencies of the reaction rates (T = 400°C, p = 63 bar, H2 : N2 = 3 : 1) and the pressure variations of the activity (T = 370°C, p= 4–63 bar, H2 : NN2 = 3 : 1) were found to be different for Ba and for the alkali (K, Cs). Ba–Ru/C proved to be more sensitive to the NH3 content and to the total pressure. The rate of synthesis over the alkali-promoted catalysts is, in turn, much stronger influenced by the ruthenium dispersion. TOFs of NH3 synthesis for the promoted samples at 370°C and 4 bar (Ba 0.085 1/s, Cs 0.05 1/s, K 0.035 1/s) are significantly higher than that for the Ru(0001) basal plane (0.0085 1/s results from the literature data at 370°C, 2 bar). The most active Ru/C samples (Ba or Cs) exceed significantly the fused iron catalyst, especially at high conversions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019024629261
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paclitaxel and carboplatin in combination with gemcitabine: A phase I–II trial in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1421-1426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: carboplatin ; chemotherapy ; gemcitabine ; non-small-cell lung cancer ; paclitaxel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:The combination of paclitaxel (P) and carboplatin (C)is an effective treatment for advanced NSCLC. Gemcitabine (G) is an active newdrug. We planned a phase I study to find the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) ofthe PCG combination. A phase II study was subsequently conducted to evaluatethe activity and toxicity of PCG. Patients and methods:Forty-five patients entered the study.Twenty-eight had stage IIIA–B disease, 17 stage IV. In the phase Istudy, with a fixed dose of C at AUC = 6 on day 1, P was escalated usingincrements of 25 mg/m2 starting from 175 mg/m2 on day1 and G with increments of 200 mg/m2 starting from 800mg/m2 on day 1 and 8. Results:Fourteen patients entered the phase I study. The MTD wasreached at P 200 mg/m2, C AUC = 6 and G 1000 mg/m2.Neutropenic fever and grade 3 diarrhea were the dose limiting toxicities.Thirty-one patients were treated in the phase II study with P 175mg/m2, C AUC = 6 and G 1000 mg/m2. Response rate was57% (68% in stage III and 47% in stage IV).Myelosuppression was the main toxicity, with grade 3–4 leukopeniaoccurring in 35% of cases. Grade 3 anemia was observed in 24%of cases and grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 34% ofpatients. Non-hematological toxicity was mild. Median survival and one-yearactuarial survival were 20.5 months and 74% for stage III and 11.5months and 47% for stage IV. Conclusions:PCG is a promising regimen for treating advancedNSCLC. A phase III study comparing PCG to paclitaxel plus carboplatin inadvanced NSCLC is ongoing. On the other hand, we are planning to introduce thePCG regimen in the treatment of stage II–III patients in the setting ofa multimodality treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026527004596
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of the hydrodenitrogenation of o-toluidine and methylcyclohexylamine over NiMo/γ-Al2O3 (2000)
    Springer
    Topics in catalysis 11-12 (2000), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9028
    Keywords: hydrodenitrogenation ; toluidine ; methylcyclohexylamine ; kinetics ; nickel-promoted molybdenum sulphide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of o-toluidine and its reaction intermediates was studied over a NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The kinetics of the HDN of methylcyclohexylamine and of the hydrogenation of cyclohexene were also studied. Hydrogenation of o-toluidine alone produces methylcyclohexene and methylcyclohexane. When a sufficient quantity of cyclohexene is added during the HDN of toluidine, methylcyclohexylamine, the first intermediate in the hydrogenation of toluidine, becomes detectable. Because of its strong adsorption constant and high rate constant for reacting further to methylcyclohexene and methylcyclohexane, methylcyclohexylamine is not observed in the HDN of toluidine. Adding cyclohexene decreases the adsorption of methylcyclohexylamine, thus enabling its detection. The rate and adsorption constants of methylcyclohexylamine and cyclohexene in the HDN of methylcyclohexylamine were calculated by fitting the kinetic data to a Langmuir–Hinshelwood equation. A two-site model was used to describe the surface reactions, with one site for the methylcyclohexylamine reactions and the other for the cyclohexene reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1027208200169
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NCIC–CTG phase II study of gemcitabine in patients with malignant glioma (IND.94) (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 315-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; gemcitabine ; malignant glioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose:We conducted a phase II multicentre study of gemcitabinein patients with anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme at firstrelapse. Patients and methods:Patients with anaplastic astrocytoma orglioblastoma multiforme receiving a stable dose of steroids and ECOGperformance status ≤3 were eligible for this study at the time of firstrelapse. One adjuvant chemotherapy regimen was permissible. Patients receivedgemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 i.v. weekly × 3, repeated on afour-weekly cycle. Results:Of 20 patients enrolled, 15 were evaluable for response,19 for non-hematological toxicity and 18 for hematological toxicity. Sevenpatients had anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) and twelve glioblastoma multiforme(GBM). Age ranged from 28–71 years (median 50). Fifteen patientsdiscontinued therapy due to disease progression. The median number of cyclesadministered was 1 (range 1–11); only two patients received more thanthree cycles. Hematologic toxicity was acceptable and no grade 4 toxicity wasseen. One patient developed Pneumocystispneumonia and eventualpulmonary embolism; one died of gastric hemorrhage related to steroid therapy.No objective responses were seen. Nine patients had stable disease (medianduration 2.7 months, range 0.9–11.2). Conclusions:Gemcitabine given in this dose and schedule seemswell tolerated but is not active in patients with recurrent high-gradegliomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008336607135
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weekly administration of bendamustine: A phase I study in patients with advanced progressive solid tumours (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 729-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: alkylating agents ; bendamustine ; chemotherapy ; phase I study ; solid tumours ; weekly chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:The cytotoxic agent bendamustine combines apurine-like benzimidazol and alkylating nitrogen mustard group. The clinicallytolerated dose for single bolus bendamustine is 215 mg/m2, forfractionated therapy on four consecutive days 85 mg/m2. The maximumtolerated dose of a day 1 and 8 (q4w) 30 min infusion schedule was recentlyfound to be 160 mg/m2, mouth dryness and fatigue weredose-limiting. Our current phase I trial was designed to define therecommended dose of a new weekly short infusion schedule. Patients and methods:Patients with refractory malignant tumoursqualified for the trial after written informed consent was obtained.Bendamustine was given as a 30-min i.v. infusion weekly for up to eightconsecutive weeks. Results:Twelve patients (8 male, 4 female, median age 57.5 years,range 42–64) were enrolled in this trial. At the starting dose of 80mg/m2, two patients had dose-limiting toxicity (fatigue grade 3,mouth dryness grade 3, fever grade 4 Common Toxicity Criteria). Nodose-limiting events were observed in six patients treated at 60mg/m2. An intermediate dose level of 70 mg/m2 wasstudied in three younger, less heavily pre-treated patients, was welltolerated and not associated with dose-limiting events. Haematologicaltoxicity was mild except for grade 3–4 lymphocytopenia, occurring in 11of 12 patients. Bendamustine was found to induce long-lastingpanlymphocytopenia with predominant B-cell cytotoxicity. Conclusions:The maximum tolerated dose of weekly bendamustinegiven as a 30-min i.v. infusion is 80 mg/m2, mouth dryness, fatigueand fever are dose-limiting. The recommended dose for phase II trials is 60mg/m2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008309911008
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A dose-finding study of liposomal daunorubicin with CVP (COP-X) in advanced NHL (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 691-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: anthracycline ; chemotherapy ; liposomal daunorubicin ; lymphoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Standard therapy for lymphoma consists of acyclophosphamide (C), doxorubicin, vincristine (V), and prednisone (P) (CHOP)combination regimen. Liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome®) is an alternativeto doxorubicin for patients with lymphoma because of its more favorable safetyprofile and potentially more selective uptake in lymphoma. The objectives ofthis study were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of liposomaldaunorubucin with CVP (COP-X) and the tolerability of the regimen in patientswith indolent lymphoma. Patients and methods:Patients with low-grade andintermediate-grade lymphoma having adequate cardiac, hepatic, and renalfunction were enrolled. Patients received C 750 mg/m2, V 1.4mg/m2 (maximum 2.0 mg), and liposomal daunorubicin 50–100mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and P 100 mg p.o. on days 1–5. MTD wasthe liposomal daunorubicin dose associated with 20% dose-limitingtoxicity (ANC 〈500/mm3 for 〉5 days or febrile neutropenia). Results:Twenty patients, median age 59 years, were treated. Theliposomal daunorubicin MTD combined with CVP was 70–80 mg/m2,depending on patient population. No significant non-hematologic toxicityoccurred. Response rate was 44% (2 complete and 5 partial responses). Conclusions:A liposomal daunorubicin dose of 80 mg/m2in the COP-X regimen was well tolerated with little non-hematologic toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008361914894
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection for gastric cancer: A meta-analysis of published randomised trials (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 837-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: adjuvant ; chemotherapy ; gastric cancer ; meta-analysis ; randomised clinical trial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Several studies have investigated the possible roleof the adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection for gastric cancerfailing to show a clear indication; previous meta-analyses suggested smallsurvival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy, but the statistical methods usedwere open to criticisms. Materials and methods:Randomised trials were identified by meansof Medline and CancerLit and by selecting references from relevant articles.Systematic review of all randomised clinical trials of adjuvant chemotherapyfor gastric cancer compared with surgery alone, published before January 2000,were considered. Pooling of data was performed using the fixed effect model.Death for any cause was the study endpoint. The hazard ratio and its95% confidence intervals (95% CI), derived according to themethod of Parmar, were the statistics chosen for summarising the relativebenefit of chemotherapyversuscontrol. Results:Overall 20 articles (21 comparisons) were considered foranalysis. Three studies used single agent chemotherapy, seven combination of5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with anthracyclin, ten combination of 5-FU withoutanthracyclines. Information on 3658 patients, 2180 deaths, was collected. Chemotherapy reduced the risk of death by 18% (hazard ratio 0.82,95% CI: 0.75–0.89, P 〈 0.001). Association ofAnthracyclines to 5-FU did not show a statistically significant improvementwhen compared with the effect of the other regimens. Conclusions:Chemotherapy produces a small survival benefit inpatients with curatively resected gastric cancer. However, taking into accountthe limitations of literature based meta-analyses, adjuvant chemotherapy isstill to be considered as an investigational approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008377101672
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosome aberrations after etoposide containing cisplatin-based chemotherapy for malignant germ-cell tumours (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 897-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; chromosome aberrations ; malignant germ-cell tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008311532043
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Static and Kinetic Studies on the Adsorption Behavior of Sulfadiazene (2000)
    Springer
    Adsorption 6 (2000), S. 349-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8757
    Keywords: sulfadiazene ; adsorption ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the nature of interactive forces between sulfadiazene molecules and alumina surface the experiments were performed for the adsorption of sulfadiazene (SD) from its aqueous sulution onto the alumina surfaces at 25 ± 0.2°C and the influence of factors such as increasing concentration of SD (4.0–20.0 × 10−3 mol cm−3), the time required for adsorption equilibrium, pH (2.0–12.0) and temperature (5–45°C) of the adsorption medium, the presence of ions like Cl−, SO2− 4 and PO3− 4 (0.01–0.30 M) and organic solvents (5% v/v) were observed on the course of adsorption of SD. Various adsorption and kinetic parameters such as adsorption coefficient, the rate constants for adsorption and desorption were also evaluated. The results of the above cited studies facilitated to formulate the mechanisms of interaction between SD and alumina surfaces. From application view point the present work may be a potential tool for an effective chromatographic separation of sulfa drugs from industrial effluents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026517117239
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NO reduction over La2O3 using methanol (2000)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 64 (2000), S. 65-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: NO reduction ; CH3OH ; La2O3 ; methyl nitrite ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) reduction by methanol was studied over La2O3 in the presence and absence of oxygen. In the absence of O2, CH3OH reduced NO to both N2O and N2, with selectivity to dinitrogen formation decreasing from around 85% at 623 K to 50–70% at 723 K. With 1% O2 in the feed, rates were 4–8 times higher, but the selectivity to N2 dropped from 50% at 623 K to 10% at 723 K. The specific activities with La2O3 for this reaction were higher than those for other reductants; for example, at 773 K with hydrogen a specific activity of 35 μmol NO/s m2 was obtained whereas that for methanol was 600 μmol NO/s m2. The Arrhenius plots were linear under differential reaction conditions, and the apparent activation energy was consistently near 14 kcal/mol with CH3OH. Linear partial pressure dependencies based on a power rate law were obtained and showed a near‐zero order in CH3OH and a near‐first order in H2. In the absence of O2, a Langmuir–Hinshelwood type model assuming a surface reaction between adsorbed CH3OH and adsorbed NO as the slow step satisfactorily fitted the data, and the model invoking two types of sites provided the best fit and gave thermodynamically consistent rate constants. In the presence of O2 a homogeneous gas‐phase reaction between O2, NO, and CH3OH occurred to yield methyl nitrite. This reaction converted more than 30% of the methanol at 300 K and continued to occur up to temperatures where methanol was fully oxidized. Quantitative kinetic studies of the heterogeneous reaction with O2 present were significantly complicated by this homogeneous reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019036431195
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of dicyclopentadiene catalyzed by palladium(II) acetate and p-benzoquinone in the presence of inorganic acid (2000)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 69 (2000), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: dicyclopentadiene ; Wacker oxidation ; Pd(AcO)2 ; benzoquinone ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of dicyclopentadiene catalyzed by palladium(II) acetate and benzoquinone in the presence of perchloric acid was studied. Tricyclodecenone in high selectivity (85–98%) at a conversion of dicyclopentadiene up to 76% was obtained. The kinetic model assumed the significant inhibition complexation between dicyclopentadiene and tricyclodecenone with the catalytic species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019053402854
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of drug interactions in the established FEC regimen in primary cultures of tumour cells from patients (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1301-1307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; drug interaction ; in vitroassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Chemotherapy using multi-drug regimens is consideredmore active than single-agent therapy. This may be due to synergisticinteractions or, simply, a higher probability of administering an activeagent. We investigated in vitrothe type of drug interactions in arecognized regimen in relationship to tumour type and drug sensitivity. Patients and methods: The possibility of synergistic and additiveinteractions between individual cytotoxic drugs was investigated for thecomponent drugs of the established FEC regimen, i.e., 5-fluorouracil,epirubicin and cyclophosphamide, in 243 patient tumour samples representingvarious drug sensitivity using the non-clonogenic fluorometric microculturecytotoxicity assay. Results: Using a cell survival of ≤50% as a limit fordrug activity and sample sensitivity, the overall response rates to the mostactive single drug (Dmax) and the combination were 56% and64%, respectively, with a distribution among diagnoses similar to thatin the clinic. For 86% of the samples there was concordance withrespect to judgement of activity using either Dmax or thecombination. For samples being sensitive to at least one single drug,95% were also sensitive to the combination whereas for samples withinsignificant Dmax effect, only 2% were sensitive to thecombination. In samples with modest Dmax effects, i.e., cellsurvival in the range 〉50%–≤80%, 45%responded to the combination. The effect of the combination was generally wellpredicted from the Dmax effect. Conclusions:The superior antitumour effect of drug combinationscompared with single drugs may be due to the higher chance of selecting anactive agent. However, for intermediately sensitive tumours, additionalinteraction effects of a combination may be of clinical significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008332816407
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A phase I study of gemcitabine and epirubicin for the treatment of platinum-resistant or refractory advanced ovarian cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 613-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; ovarian cancer ; second-line
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Gemcitabine is active in patients with otherwiseresistant or refractory ovarian cancer. As the drug is well tolerated, studiesusing gemcitabine combined with other antineoplastic agents are needed. Theaim of the study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) ofepirubicin combined with gemcitabine, with and without support of G-CSF. Patients and methods:Patients with platinum-resistant orrefractory ovarian cancer were eligible. Gemcitabine (G) (starting dose 800mg/m2 day 1 and 8; 200 mg/m2 escalation per level) andepirubicin (E) (starting dose 60 mg/m2 day 1; 15 mg/m2escalation per level) were given every 21 days for four to six cycles. G-CSF(filgrastim 5 µg/kg/die) was given in case of grade 4 neutropenia(levels without support) or from day 9 up to leukocyte count〉10,000/mm3 after nadir (levels with support). Cohorts of threepatients were enrolled at each level, and another three patients were planned,if one dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was registered. MTD was determined firstwithout and then with G-CSF. Results:Four levels were studied (G 800 + E 60; G 1000 + E 60;G 1000 + E 75; G 1000 + E 75 + G-CSF) with four, four, three and threepatients enrolled, respectively. DLT (grade 4 febrile neutropenia) wasobserved in two patients at level 3. Thus, G1000 + E 60 mg/m2 wasthe MTD without G-CSF. The addition of prophylactic G-CSF did not allow afurther increase of the dose and grade 4 thrombocytopenia was the DLT at level4. Non-hematological toxicity was mild. Grade 2 mucositis was reported in fourpatients. Among the 13 patients with measurable or evaluable disease, 3partial responses were observed for an overall response rate of 23.1%. Conclusions:The combination of gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2(day 1, 8) and epirubicin at 60 mg/m2 (day 1) is a feasibletherapy. Grade 4 neutropenia is frequent and G-CSF support is often required.With prophylactic support of G-CSF, the DLT is thrombocytopenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008344528791
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary cerebral lymphomas: Unsolved issues regarding first-line treatment, follow-up, late neurological toxicity and treatment of relapses (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: brain tumor ; chemotherapy ; encephalopathy ; late neurological toxicity ; leucoencephalopathy ; primary cerebral lymphoma ; radiochemotherapy ; systematic follow-up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Primary cerebral non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) inimmunocompetent patients (PCL) are located exclusively in the central nervoussystem, the eye, or meninges. Clinical management of these patients remainscontroversial. Patients and methods:Clinical characteristics of the patients andparameters influencing their outcome as of December 1998 were investigated andregistered in a database of 226 patients treated in the French Federation ofCancer Centers between 1980 and 1995. Results:Most PCL are diffuse large-cell NHL with a B phenotype.The incidence of PCL has been steadily increasing over the past 20 years insome but not all countries. The overall survival of primary cerebral lymphoma(PCL) patients in the published series, a median of 12–16 months and afive-year survival of 5%–20%, is poor. Several series havenow reported long-term survivals of more than 10 years and PCL may thereforebe a curable tumor in some patients. The optimal treatment of PCL is notknown. Complete resection of the tumor does not improve outcome andmultidisciplinary approaches combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy are nowcommonly used, although the superiority of combination over radiotherapy- orchemotherapy-alone has never been demonstrated in a phase III trial. Theoptimal chemotherapy regimen, the dose and even the usefulness of brainradiotherapy after chemotherapy are therefore still matters of debate.Recently, several authors have reported a relatively high incidence of lateneurological sequelae after PCL treatment. Conclusions:The optimal treatment of PCL patients remains to bedefined. Large cooperative international phase III trials are now required todefine and improve the optimal treatment of PCL and reduce its sequelae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008364612406
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of Hodgkin's disease: Results and current concepts of the German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: ABVD ; BEACOPP ; chemotherapy ; clinical trials ; COPP ; dose intensification ; Hodgkin's disease ; radiotherapy ; risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Treatment strategies in Hodgkin's disease (HD) arechanging fundamentally over the last decades. Both radiotherapy andcombination chemotherapy are effective treatment modalities. However, theoptimal choice of treatment or combinations of treatment is still debated fordifferent prognostic groups. Patients and methods:The German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group(GHSG) initiated randomized clinical trials since 1978. Over the past 20years, more than 6000 patients with HD in all stages were randomized, treatedand followed by the GHSG. Patients are now being recruited from more than 300clinical centers. Results:As a consequence of different clinical trials, it is nowthe policy of the GHSG to tailor treatment to the individual risk of patients,giving favorable patients less intensive and less toxic therapy thanunfavorable patients. The treatment for early and intermediate stage HDbecomes quite similar with few cycles of polychemotherapy followed by involvedfield irradiation. In advanced stage HD, the introduction of dose intensifiedchemotherapy (BEACOPP), has improved treatment results and thus willsubstitute the MOPP or ABVD regimens. Conclusions:Although most of the patients with HD will be curedby modern treatment stategies, several questions are still subjects of ongoingclinical trials: 1) which chemotherapy regimen in which quantity will be thebest with respect to efficacy and toxicity and 2) which dose and field sizeof radiotherapy is adequate within the combined modality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008317426152
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase II study of the multitargeted antifolate LY231514 (ALIMTA™, MTA, pemetrexed disodium) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 101-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: antifolate ; chemotherapy ; pancreatic cancer ; thymidylate synthase inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose:To determine the safety and activity of LY231514(ALIMTA™, MTA, pemetrexed disodium, Eli Lilly and Co.,Indianapolis, IN) in chemotherapy-naïve patients with advanced pancreaticcancer. Patients and methods:Patients with unresectable or metastaticpancreatic cancer received LY231514 600 mg/m2 as a 10–minuteinfusion every three weeks. Results:Forty-two patients were enrolled in this phase II trial.The median age was 60.3 (range 37–77) years; 79% had metastaticdisease. Neutropenia was common (40% of patients ≥ grade 3) butinfectious complications were rare. Significant anemia or thrombocytopeniaoccurred in 〈20% of patients. Non-hematologic toxicities includedgrade 2 or 3 skin reaction which was ameliorated by dexamethasone. Elevationsof bilirubin or transaminases were infrequent (〈25% of patients) anddid not require dose reductions or treatment delays. Thirty-five patientsreceived two cycles of therapy and were evaluable for response. One complete(duration 16.2 months) and one partial (duration 6.9 months) were observedresulting in an objective response rate of 5.7% for evaluable patients.In addition, 17 patients (40%) had stable disease that lasted ≥6months in 5 patients. The median survival was 6.5 months, with 28% ofpatients alive at one year. Conclusions:LY231514 is a well-tolerated agent with minimalobjective antitumor activity in pancreatic cancer. The median and one yearsurvival times, which may be important indicators in phase II trials of newagents, are of interest. Combination trials of LY231514 in pancreatic cancerare planned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008305205159
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A phase II trial of gemcitabine in combination with 5-fluorouracil (24-hour) and folinic acid in patients with chemonaive advanced pancreatic cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1267-1272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; 5-FU ; folinic acid ; gemcitabine ; Gemzar® ; pancreas cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Gemcitabine (Gemzar®) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)plus folinic acid (FA) both have proven activity in the treatment of patientswith advanced pancreatic cancer. The present study was initiated toinvestigate the efficacy of gemcitabine in combination with 5-FU–FA. Patients and methods:Thirty-eight patients, median age 60 years(range 34–70) with inoperable, stage IV, pancreatic cancer were enrolledinto the study and treated on an outpatient basis. All except one patientreceived at least one cycle of treatment with gemcitabine (1000mg/m2), followed by FA (200 mg/m2) and 5-FU (750mg/m2) administered as a 24-hour continuous infusion on days 1, 8,15 and 22 of a 42-day schedule. No patient had received prior chemotherapy orradiotherapy. All 38 patients were assessed for efficacy, toxicity and timeto progressive disease. Results:Two patients (5%), achieved a partial response andthirty-four patients (89%) achieved stable disease. There were twoearly deaths (≤4 weeks). The median time to progression was 7.1 months(range 0.4–18.1+; 95% confidence interval (95% CI):5.3–7.9 months). Three patients had a progression-free interval ofgreater than 12 months and 12 of 38 patients (32%) survived longer than12 months. The median overall survival was 9.3 months (range 0.5–26.5;95% CI: 7.3–13.0 months). The incidence of grade 3 and 4toxicities was low. Conclusions:The combination of gemcitabine and 5-FU–FA isactive and well tolerated and seems to offer an improvement inprogression-free interval over both gemcitabine monotherapy and 5-FU–FAtherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008364018881
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatic arterial 5-fluorouracil in patients with liver metastases of colorectal cancer: Single-centre experience in 145 patients (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1563-1570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: 5-fluorouracil ; arterial access device ; chemotherapy ; colorectal cancer ; hepatic arterial chemotherapy ; liver metastases ; port-a-cath
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Hepatic arterial chemotherapy for liver metastases ofcolorectal cancer is still under discussion. Mainly because of the technicalcomplications of this mode of treatment and the lack of a survival benefit inrandomized studies. We performed an analysis of hepatic arterial5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy in 145 consecutive patients treated at asingle institution. Patients and methods:One hundred forty-five patients withinoperable liver metastases from colorectal cancer were included. 5-FU, 1000mg/m2/day continuous infusion for five days every three weeks, wasdelivered in the hepatic artery by percutaneous catheter or arterial accessdevice. Results:The response rate was 34% for all patients,40% in patients with extrahepatic disease, and 15% in patientswith i.v. 5-FU-based pretreatment. TTP and OS for all patients were 7.5 and14.3 months, respectively. In patients with extrahepatic disease or i.v.5-FU-based pretreatment, OS was significantly shorter compared to patientswithout extrahepatic disease or 5-FU-based pretreatment (9.7 vs. 19.3 monthsand 10.1 vs. 17.4 months, respectively). forty-seven percent of patientsstopped treatment because of a complication. Complications most often seen inpatients with arterial ports were hepatic artery thrombosis (48%) anddislocation of the catheter (22%). Conclusions:The results of our analysis are in line with previousphase III studies. Extrahepatic disease and i.v. 5-FU-based pretreatment wereprognostic for reduced OS. The complication rate of hepatic arterial deliverywas worrisome, although, no negative impact on survival could be established.There is a strong need for improvement of hepatic arterial delivery methodsbefore further evaluation of hepatic arterial 5-FU will be worthwhile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008369520179
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-dose therapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) after first progression prolonged survival of follicular lymphoma patients included in the prospective GELF 86 protocol (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1585-1590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: autologous stem-cell transplantation ; chemotherapy ; follicular lymphoma ; progression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Among the 566 patients with follicular lymphomas (FL)included in the GELF 86 prospective trials from October 1986 to September1995, 372 with progressive/relapsing disease were analyzed retrospectively toidentify prognostic factors at first relapse. Patients and methods:For progressive FL, patients received mono-(22%) or polychemotherapy (78%) followed by high-dose therapy(HDT) with ASCT for 83 patients (22%). The median time toprogression from initial treatment was 23 months (range 3–102 months)and 24% of documented patients (52 of 217) had histologicaltransformation (HT). Salvage therapy produced an overall response in64% of patients and the five-year survival from progression was42%. Results:For patients who underwent HDT with ASCT compared tostandard treatment, five-year freedom from second failure was at 42%vs. 16% (P = 0.0001) and five-year survival was58% vs. 38% (P = 0.0005), respectively. Thebenefit of HDT and ASCT remained if we consider only patients less than 65years (five-year survival at 60% vs. 40%; P =0.001). Multivariate analysis of parameters significant according tounivariate analysis found that no ASCT at first progression, age at relapse〉50 years, progression on-therapy were adversely significant onsurvival. Conclusions:HDT with ASCT compared to standard treatmentprolonged remission and survival after first progression of FL patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008399623564
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cost-effectiveness of second-line treatment with irinotecan or infusional 5-fluorouracil in metastatic colorectal cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: 5-fluorouracil ; chemotherapy ; colorectal cancer ; cost/effectiveness analysis ; irinotecan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:It has been shown that irinotecan is superior toinfusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with advanced colorectal cancerafter 5-FU failure. In a recent trial, median survival was 10.8 months forpatients treated with irinotecan, compared to 8.5 months in patients receivinginfusional 5-FU. Considering the statistically significant but clinicallyrelatively small advantage of irinotecan over 5-FU, cost effectiveness shouldalso be part of treatment decision. Purpose:To relate the costs of each management approach tooverall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Patients and methods:The healthcare costs and medical benefits(treatment-added survival) of second-line chemotherapy in patients (infusional5-FU: 129, irinotecan: 127) were compared. Data on overall survival were drawnfrom a multicenter randomised trial that compared infusional 5-FU (continuousinfusion, AIO, or LV5-FU2 regimens) to irinotecan alone. Costs were derivedfrom the accounting system in two university hospitals in Paris, France. Results:The range in total healthcare costs was 14,135 to 12,192US$ patient between management approaches, with irinotecan chemotherapycosting most and 5-FU-continuous infusion least. If survival was included asa treatment benefit, the cost-effectiveness ratio of irinotecan over 5-FUranged from 9,344 to 10,137 US$ per year of added survival. Conclusions:The least expensive management for metastaticcolorectal was 5-FU infusion but the additional cost of irinotecan wasbalanced by the added months of survival, with a cost-effectiveness ratioclose to that of other cancer treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008358411251
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase II trial of gemcitabine in patients with previously untreated metastatic cancer of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1161-1164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; esophageal cancer ; gemcitabine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:There were approximately 12,500 cases of esophageal carcinoma diagnosed in the US in 1992 and 12,200 deaths. The impact of chemotherapy on patients with metastatic disease is marginal with a median survival of only five months. Gemcitabine (LY188011,2,2,–difluorodeoxycytidine: dFdC), an analog of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), is a pyrimidine antimetabolite. Gemcitabine has shown interesting clinical activity in initial phase II clinical trials in a variety of malignancies, including the aerodigestive malignancies, squamous-cell carcinoma of the head/neck and both non-small-cell and small-cell lung cancer. Patients and methods:A total of 21 patients with chemotherapy-naïve metastatic esophageal carcinoma were entered. Nineteen patients were evaluable for toxicity and seventeen patients were evaluable for response. Gemcitabine was administered intravenously at 1250 mg/m2 over 30–60 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 followed by 1 week of rest. This four-week schedule defined a cycle of treatment. Patients may have received a maximum of six cycles. Results:Gemcitabine was well tolerated with minimal non-hematologic toxicity and grade 3–4 anemia, granulocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia occurring in 10.5%, 21%, and 0% of patients, respectively. No responses were seen in the seventeen evaluable patients. Conclusions:At the dose and schedule studied it would appear that gemcitabine has no activity in patients with chemotherapy-naïve esophageal carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008369718242
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The oxygen uptake threshold during incremental exercise test (2000)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 440 (2000), S. r200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words oxygen uptake ; kinetics ; threshold
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The linear relationship between oxygen consumption (Vo2) and exercise intensity is a well established phenomenon observed during incremental exercise. Recently, a non-linear increase in Vo2 has been reported by Zoladz et al., who used a relatively complicated method to describe the phenomenon. In this study, we tried to ascertain whether the same phenomenon, which we named the oxygen uptake threshold (OUT), could be described by a simple method, using the two best fitting lines adopted for the less and more steep parts of the Vo2 increase. Our hypothesis was that the non-linear Vo2 increase was the result of a continuous Vo2 increase (oxygen drift) occurring during the more intense steps only. Therefore, we analysed the Vo2 time course during each step. Six cyclists performed an incremental exercise test on a cyclo - ergometer. The lactate threshold (LT) was calculated by using the intersection point of the two best fitting lines in the diagram of log LA (lactate concentration) dependence on log P (Power). The time course of Vo2 during each step was analysed by an exponential rise to the maximum model. The results showed that OUT could be determined in five of the six subjects, whereas LT could be determined in all six subjects. The power output determined by OUT (168 ± 13 W) was similar to that determined by LT (180 ± 25 W). The Vo2 time course during each step showed steady values during low intensity exercise. At intensities above LT and OUT, however, Vo2 increased continuously, showing oxygen drift. It may be concluded that OUT is a realistic phenomenon, which is based on oxygen drift.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240000064
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infusional ECarboF in patients with advanced breast cancer: A very active and well-tolerated out-patient regimen (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1557-1561 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: breast cancer ; carboplatinum ; chemotherapy ; continuous 5-fluorouracil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We performed a trial using the combination of epirubicin 50mg/m2/day 1, carboplatinum AUC 5/day 1 and continuous5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 200 mg/m2/day (every 4 weeks for6 months) to confirm the efficacy and low toxicity profile of thisregimen in breast cancer. In 51 patients with metastatic(n = 33) or locally advanced (n = 18)breast cancer the overall response rate was 86% (95% confidenceinterval (95% CI): 73%–94%): 94% in locallyadvanced and 81% metastatic disease. Grade 3–4 toxicity was low:4% of patients presented with febrile neutropenia, 16% withsevere palmar-plantar syndrome, 10% with Port-a-cath thrombosis. This study confirms the high efficacy of infusional 5-FU-based regimens andjustifies further research into novel promising oral 5-FU derivatives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008378220547
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-arterial chemotherapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 569-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; intra-arterial ; liver metastasis ; unresectable pancreatic cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:A phase II trial of a new intra-arterial chemotherapyregimen for unresectable pancreatic cancer (UPC). Patients and methods:Ninety-six patients with UPC were treatedwith intra-arterial chemotherapy at three-weekly intervals. The schedule usedwas FLEC: 5-fluorouracil 1000 mg/m2, folinic acid 100mg/m2, carboplatin 300 mg/m2; epirubicin 60mg/m2. Results:The overall response rates by CT-scan evaluation were:15% partial response (PR), 44% stable disease (SD), 17%progressive disease (PD). The overall median survival was 9.9 months, and 10.6and 6.8 for UICC stage III and IV, respectively. Pain reduction occurred in42% of patients. A weight gain 〉7% from baseline occurred in8% of patients. A total of 341 courses of FLEC were administered. Grade3–4 hematological toxicity was seen in 25% of patients;ematemesis in 4%; grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicity in 3%; andgrade 3 alopecia in 16%. One sudden death, a pre-infarction angina, anda transitory ischemic attack were observed. The only complication related tothe angiographic procedure was an intimal dissection of the iliac artery. Conclusions:The intra-arterial FLEC regimen was well toleratedand active. It requires only one day of hospitalization. Efficacy could onlybe assessed in a randomized study against a gemcitabine containing regimen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008335331516
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ifosfamide plus oral etoposide salvage chemotherapy for platinum-resistant paclitaxel-pretreated ovarian cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 607-612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; combination ; etoposide ; ifosfamide ; ovarian cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:The prognosis of platinum resistant ovarian cancer isvery poor and the treatment of choice has not been clearly defined. Patients and methods:We conducted a phase II study with thecombination of ifosfamide i.v. at 2.25 g/m2 (days 1, 2) andetoposide per os at 100 mg daily (days 1–10) every four weeks. To beeligible for the study patients had to be resistant to platinum and paclitaxelpretreated. Results:Forty-one patients entered the study. The median intervalfrom the previous chemotherapy was 3.9 months. The median number of previouschemotherapeutic regimens was 2. Severe toxicities included neutropenia(41% of patients), leukopenia (29%) and thrombocytopenia(13%). Thirty-five patients are assessable for response. Nine patientsresponded (22% of the eligible, 26% of the assessable), four ofthemdemonstrated complete response to chemotherapy (10% and 12%,respectively), while three patients demonstrated stabilization of theirprogressive disease. After a median follow-up of 18 months, time toprogression is 3 months (range 0.9–14.4), duration of response is 9months (2.5–11) and median survival is 13 months (2.5–37.4+). Conclusions:The combination of ifosfamide with oral etoposideappears to have significant but manageable toxicity and encouraging efficacyin platinum resistant ovarian cancer.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008327412571
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Overview of current therapy and future prospects (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; gene therapy ; head and neck cancer ; immunotherapy ; radiotherapy ; recurrent ; surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Locoregional recurrence is the most common cause of failure after head andneck cancer surgery. It is a disease which causes significant morbidityespecially on speech and swallowing. There are many different treatmentsavailable including surgery, reirradiation and chemotherapy. However, none ofthese have produced any significant survival benefit. Because of this, therehas been considerable interest in the development of new biological therapiessuch as gene therapy and immunotherapy for this disease. The objectives ofthis article are to provide an overview of the currently available therapiesfor recurrent head and neck cancer including gene therapy and immunotherapy.Prevention of recurrent disease by the detection and treatment of minimalresidual disease is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008330026617
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A phase II study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 113-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; liposomal doxorubicin ; phase II
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin has an enhancedefficacy and reduced toxicity compared with free doxorubicin. The efficacy andtoxicity of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin was investigated in patients withhepatocellular carcinoma. Patients and methods:Patients with histologically confirmed,locally advanced or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma and a Karnofsky index〉60% were included in this prospective single-arm study. Exclusioncriteria were liver cirrhosis stage Child–Pugh C, previous chemotherapy,or chemoembolization. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin was given in a dose of30 mg/m2 every three weeks until progression of disease. Afterinclusion of five patients the dose could be escalated to 40 mg/m2in absence of toxicity grade 3 and 4. Results:Sixteen patients were evaluable for response. Noobjective response was achieved. The median survival time was 140 days(95% confidence interval: 126–154 days). Treatment toxicitiesgrade ≥3 comprised increased liver enzymes in patients with preexistinggrade 1 or 2 elevation (n = 6), hematologic toxicity (n =5), and hypersensitivity (n = 2). Conclusions:Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin is not effective fortreatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The favorable toxicity profilewas confirmed even in patients with underlying liver disease.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008386822906
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  • 33
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    Electronic Resource
    A phase I–II study of gemcitabine and paclitaxel in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; gemcitabine ; non-small-cell lung cancer ; paclitaxel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirty patients with chemotherapy-naïve advanced non-small-cell lungcancer (NSCLC) were given escalating doses of paclitaxel (150, 175, 200mg/m2) on day 1 in three consecutive cycles, together with a fixeddose of gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8; cycles wererepeated every three weeks. The dose escalation of paclitaxel was feasible inthe majority of patients. Subsequently, 30 other NSCLC patients received adose of 200 mg/m2 paclitaxel with gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2in a phase II study. The major side effect was mild myelosuppression. Aresponse rate of 24% was achieved in 49 fully evaluable patients. Thisregimen proved to be safe and easy to administer on an out-patient setting,and constitutes now one of the arms of the current EORTC randomized study foradvanced NSCLC.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008321000887
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  • 34
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    Electronic Resource
    Acute hematologic toxicity and practicability of dose-intensified BEACOPP chemotherapy for advanced stage Hodgkin's disease (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1105-1114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: BEACOPP ; chemotherapy ; dose intensification ; hematotoxicity ; Hodgkin's disease ; practicability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Evidence is recently accumulating that the novelBEACOPP (bleomycin (B), etoposide (E), adriamycin (A), cyclophosphamide (C),vincristine (O), procarbazine (P), prednisone (P)) chemotherapy is a highlyeffective treatment for advanced stage Hodgkin's disease. Two dose variantsof BEACOPP are currently tested in a phase III randomized multicenter trialof the GHSG. To enable more extensive testing of BEACOPP we characterized itspracticability regarding schedule adherence, acute hematotoxicity and need forsupportive treatment. Patients and methods:Data of 858 patients (6592 therapy cycles)from 184 participating institutions were evaluated. Planned total drug dosesof the baseline variant (arm 1) were 80, 2400, 200, 5200, 11.2, 5600 and 4480mg/m2 for B, E, A, C, O, P and P, respectively. Compared to arm 1,the doses of E, A and C in the dose-intensified variant (arm 2) were escalatedby factor 2.0, 1.4, 1.92, respectively, using G-CSF assistance. Stepwise dosereductions were specified in case of dose-limiting toxicities. Both variantsare given in eight three-weekly courses. Results:Median dose adherence (dose actually given relative toplanned arm 1 dose) in arm 1 was 1.0 for all drugs. Relative dose escalationof E, A, and C actually maintained in arm 2 was 1.83, 1.37 and 1.77 (medians),respectively, and 70% of patients maintained elevated dose levelsthroughout the entire treatment. Dose-limiting toxicities occurred in25% of cycles in arm 2, most frequently due to leukocytopenia andthrombocytopenia. Time courses of leukocytes in arm 2 showed more severe butnot more prolonged leukocytopenia compared with arm 1. WHO grades 3–4infections were documented in 2.1% (arm 1) and 3.1% (arm 2) ofall cycles. Erythrocytes were transfused in 6% (arm 1) and 28%(arm 2), platelets in 〈1% (arm 1) and 6% (arm 2) of allcycles. Conclusions:Both BEACOPP schemes are practicable in a largemulticenter setting. Despite increased hematotoxicity, moderate doseescalation is safe for the majority of the patients with G-CSF assistance andstandard supportive treatment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008301225839
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  • 35
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    Electronic Resource
    Radiation myositis: The possible role of gemcitabine (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1615-1616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; gemcitabine ; radiotherapy ; radiation myositis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008353224251
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    A phase II trial of docetaxel in platinum pre-treated patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: A Japanese Cooperative Study (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1531-1537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: advanced ovarian cancer ; chemotherapy ; docetaxel ; phase II trial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:This phase II study was conducted to evaluate theefficacy and toxicity of docetaxel in Japanese patients with advanced ovariancancer. Patients and methods:Docetaxel was administered at a dose of 70mg/m2 intravenously to patients with platinum pre-treated advancedovarian cancer. Treatment was repeated every three weeks. No routinecorticosteroid premedication was given. Results:Ninety patients with advanced ovarian cancer were enteredand sixty were assessable for response. The overall response rate was28% in the assessable patients (95% confidence interval(95% CI): 17.5%–41.4%). CA125 responses were seenin 8 (24%) of 34 assessable patients for CA125 criteria. The 36platinum-refractory patients had a response rate of 25% compared with33% in the platinum-sensitive patients. The predominant toxicity wasneutropenia, with 86% of the patients experiencing grade 3 or 4.Hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 37% of the patients and were notlife threatening. Edema was mild and infrequent. Conclusion:Docetaxel at 70 mg/m2 demonstratedeffectiveness as a treatment of both platinum-sensitive andplatinum-refractory ovarian cancer patients, with a low incidence of severehypersensitivity reactions and edema.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008337103708
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    Is `one cycle every three or four weeks' obsolete? A critical review of dose-dense chemotherapy in solid neoplasms (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 133-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; dose ; dose-density ; dose-intensity ; high-dose chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Shortening the interval between cycles is one meansof increasing the dose intensity of chemotherapy, and can be supported bybiological and mathematical rationales. Our objective was to assess theclinical relevance of the rapid repetition of regimens (so-called `dose-densechemotherapy') in various solid neoplasms. Design:The medical literature was reviewed in accord withMulrow's recommendations. Randomised studies comparing frequently-repeatedchemotherapy to standard regimens as well as open studies are described andcritically examined. Results:Dose-dense regimens were widely found to be feasible. In small-cell lung cancer, survival of patients receiving dose-denseregimens was better than that of patients treated by standard chemotherapy inthree trials, two of which reached significance, when these intensive regimensallowed better dose intensity. In poor-prognosis germ-cell tumors, a dose-dense regimen was not betterthan standard therapy, perhaps because of an excessively high toxicity-relateddeath rate. However, recent phase II studies have provided encouragingresults. In early breast cancer, the one published randomized study in the adjuvantsetting showed only a trend towards better disease-free survival innode-positive women receiving a weekly-repeated regimen. Two randomized trialsfailed to show any benefit in the neoadjuvant setting with a dose-denseregimen. No evidence of a benefit was provided in metastatic breast cancer. In advanced colorectal cancer, evidence of an improvement in survival withweekly or bi-weekly 5-FU–leucovorin compared to a classic monthlyschedule has recently been shown in two randomized trials, and dose-denseregimens are recognized as standard therapy in many countries. Phase II studies of dose-dense regimens have also shown high response ratesand long survival in many neoplasms, including Ewing's sarcoma, gestationaltrophoblastic disease, ovarian carcinoma and gastric cancer. Conclusions:A considerable amount of experience has been gainedwith frequently-repeated regimens. A few randomized trials have demonstrateda benefit for survival on standard chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer andadvanced colorectal cancer. However, this benefit appears to be weak. Thecombination of dose-dense chemotherapy regimens with new anti-cancerstrategies based on our insights into the mechanisms of oncogenesis is achallenge on the eve of the millennium.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008344014518
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  • 38
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    Electronic Resource
    Thyroid carcinosarcoma, a rare and aggressive histotype: A case report (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1497-1499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: carcinosarcoma ; chemotherapy ; thyroid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thyroid carcinosarcoma is a rare and aggressive thyroid tumor. Histologicalexamination of a tumor showed the characteristic of epithelial carcinoma andmesenchymal differentiation. We retrospectively analyzed the course of thepatient and reviewed the literature in which only 19 other cases aredescribed. Carcinosarcoma of the thyroid is a very aggressive tumor with aclinical course similar to anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Survival is veryshort despite aggressive multimodal treatment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026538410510
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    Acute myeloid leukemia and lung cancer occurring in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient treated with fludarabine and autologous peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1493-1495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: acute myeloid leukemia ; chemotherapy ; chronic lymphocytic leukemia ; immunosuppression ; second neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An increased incidence of different malignancies associated to chroniclymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been reported. The association of CLL and acuteleukemia is a rare event described in 〈1% of CLL, the type of acuteleukemia being either from the lymphoid or more often from the myeloidlineage. The coexistence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and CLL in the samepatient has been occasionally reported. Most of these cases have beenassociated with the administration of chemotherapy or radioterapy for CLL,suggesting that the former may be a secondary leukemia. On the other hand, CLLcould precede, but could also be diagnosed at the same, or delayed time asAML, suggesting the presence of other leukemogenic factors. We describe theexceptional development of AML and lung cancer in a patient with previouslydiagnosed CLL in minimal residual disease status after fludarabine treatmentfollowed by autologous peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026505632679
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase II EORTC trial with 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin and interferon-α as second-line treatment of advanced transitional cell cancer of the urothelial tract (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1391-1394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; interferon ; transitionall-cell carcinoma ; urothelial tract
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Based on the favorable results of the combination5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin and interferon-α as second-line treatmentin advanced metastatic transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract aconfirmatory study was executed in a multicenter setting. Patients and methods:In this open label phase II study 43patients failing adequate previous chemotherapy were treated with IFN-α2b5 MU/m2 subcutaneously for 5 consecutive days starting on day 1 and22 simultaneous with 5-FU 500 mg/m2 daily as a continuous infusion.In between the same dose of IFN-α2b was given 3 times weekly with CDDP 25mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15 and 22. This cycle was repeated every sixweeks. Results:In 40 eligible patients 5 PR were seen (12.5%;95% confidence interval (95% CI):4.1%–26.8%). The major toxicity was hematological. Twotoxic deaths were seen due to gastro-intestinal hemorrhage. Conclusions:In view of these results this combination can not berecommended as second line treatment for metastatic transitional-cellcarcinoma of the urothelial tract.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026589120989
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  • 41
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    Metastatic secretory breast cancer. Non-responsiveness to chemotherapy: Case report and review of the literature (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1343-1347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; Her2/neu ; indolent ; malignant ; palliative care ; secretory breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Secretory carcinoma of the breast is a rare and indolent tumour originallydescribed in children but occurring equally in the adult population. Theprincipal management problems following primary surgical treatment are localrecurrence and axillary lymph node metastases. Distant metastases areextremely rare. We present the case of a 27-year-old woman with pulmonary metastases froma secretory breast cancer treated by mastectomy and axillary lymph nodedissection 12 years previously. There was no response to chemotherapy; however, the patient remained aliveand active two years from presentation with metastatic disease and one yearfrom cessation of all cytotoxic chemotherapy. She eventually died ofrespiratory failure two and a half years after presentation. To our knowledge, this is only the fourth reported case of distantmetastases from secretory breast cancer and the second reported case in whichcurrent active chemotherapy has been used. We review the literature anddiscuss the apparent chemoresistance of this tumour including the lack ofmembrane staining for Her2/neu. In the absence of any proven effective chemotherapy we believe that symptomcontrol becomes the focus of management and offers patients with metastaticsecretory breast cancer the greatest chance of a functional and good qualityexistence.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008387800525
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  • 42
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    Electronic Resource
    A phase I trial of docetaxel and gemcitabine in patients with advanced cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 421-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; docetaxel ; gemcitabine ; non-small-cell lung cancer ; phase I trials ; taxanes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Docetaxel and gemcitabine are active in a broad rangeof malignancies. The objective of this phase I trial was to determine themaximally tolerated doses of the combination of docetaxel and gemcitabine. Patients and methods:Patients with advanced cancer, WHOperformance status 0–2, who had received up to one prior chemotherapyregimen were treated with gemcitabine on days 1 and 8 and docetaxel on day 8repeated every 21 days. Prophylactic ciprofloxacin was commenced on day 11 ofeach cycle and continued until the neutrophil count reached 1.0 ×109/l. G-CSF was not administered. Dose levels studied weredocetaxel/gemcitabine: 60/800, 60/1000, 75/1000, 75/1200, 85/1200 and 100/1200mg/m2. Results:Thirty-nine patients were entered and all were assessablefor toxicity. The highest administered dose level was 100 mg/m2docetaxel and 1200 mg/m2 gemcitabine with dose limiting toxicitiesof febrile neutropenia, grade 4 neutropenia ≥7 days, grade 4thrombocytopenia, grade 3 stomatitis and/or grade 3 fatigue in three out ofsix patients. Treatment was well tolerated (40 cycles) in the 10 patientstreated at the recommended dose level (85/1200) with only a single episode offebrile neutropenia and grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic toxicity was infrequent.There was no significant pulmonary toxicity. Responses were seen in a rangeof malignancies including non-small-cell lung cancer. Conclusions:The recommended dose level of 85 mg/m2docetaxel and 1200 mg/m2 gemcitabine has a favourable toxicityprofile and is suitable for further investigation in phase II trials. Thisnon-platinum containing regimen warrants further investigation as a potentialalternative to platinum containing regimens in non-small-cell lung cancer andother malignancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008384326701
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  • 43
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    Electronic Resource
    Phase I study with weekly cisplatin–paclitaxel and concurrent radiotherapy in patients with carcinoma of the cervix uteri (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 455-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: cervical cancer ; chemotherapy ; phase I ; radiotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background.Cisplatin and paclitaxel are active in cervical cancerand both are able to potentiate the effects of radiotherapy. In this study weevaluated the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of paclitaxel in combination witha fixed dose of cisplatin when given weekly concurrently with pelvicradiotherapy to patients with carcinoma of the cervix uteri. Patients and methods:Eighteen patients with cervical cancer wereenrolled in this study. Cisplatin (30 mg/m2) and paclitaxel(starting dose 40 mg/m2; 5 mg/m2 escalation per level)were given on day 1 of radiotherapy and then weekly for six times.Radiotherapy was given to the pelvis with a four-field box technique for fivedays each week. Patients received 65 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions. Cohorts of threepatients were enrolled at each level and three further patients were includedif one or two dose-limiting severe adverse events (SAE) were recorded. SAE wasdefined as grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic toxicity, excluding nausea or vomitingand alopecia, grade 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, and prolonged (〉1week) neutropenia or thrombocytopenia. Results:Four levels were studied (paclitaxel 40, 45, 50, 55mg/m2) with three, five, four and six patients enrolled,respectively. The MTD of paclitaxel was found at 50 mg/m2/wk andcisplatin 30 mg/m2/wk. Diarrhea was the dose-limiting toxicity.Thirteen patients were evaluable for response: seven complete and five partialresponses were obtained with an overall response rate of 92.3%. Conclusions:The MTD of paclitaxel is 50 mg/m2/wk whenassociated to cisplatin 30 mg/m2/wk and concurrent pelvicradiotherapy. Diarrhea is the dose limiting side effect. Preliminary datasuggest that concurrent chemoradiotherapy with paclitaxel and cisplatin couldbe a very active treatment for patients with locally advanced carcinoma of thecervix.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008379922120
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grading of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 509-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: assessment ; chemotherapy ; eripheral neuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008345613594
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  • 45
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    Gemcitabine and vinorelbine as second-line treatment in patients with metastatic breast cancer progressing after first-line taxane-based chemotherapy: A phase II study conducted by the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 873-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: advanced breast cancer ; chemotherapy ; gemcitabine ; vinorelbine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Gemcitabine and vinorelbine have shown activity inbreast cancer. A phase II trial was initiated in order to evaluate theresponse rate (RR) and time to progression (TTP) of the combination of the twodrugs in patients with metastatic breast cancer progressing after first-linetaxane-based chemotherapy. Patients and methods:Thirty-one patients were treated with thecombination of gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 days 1 + 8 and vinorelbine30 mg/m2 days 1 + 8. The cycles were repeated every three weeks. Results:Of 27 evaluable patients 1 (4%, 95%confidence interval (95% CI): 0.1%–19%) achievedcomplete remission (CR), five (18%; 95% CI:6%–38%) partial remission (PR), eleven (40%;95% CI: 22%–61%) stable disease and ten patientsprogressed. The median duration of response was six months (range 4–10+)and the median duration of disease stabilization was five months (range2–22+). With a median follow-up of 16 months (range 0.4–22+) themedian TTP was 3.5 months (range 0.4–22+) and the median survival was9.5 months (range 0.4–22+). Grade 3–4 toxicities weregranulocytopenia 15 patients (48%), rash 3 patients (10%),neuropathy 1 patient (3%) and thrombocytopenia 1 patient (3%).In conclusion the combination of gemcitabine/vinorelbine in the dosesadministered in this group of patients had a response rate of 22% andneeds to be further evaluated in metastatic breast cancer.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008361711049
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  • 46
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    Electronic Resource
    Therapeutic management of primary central nervous system lymphoma: Lessons from prospective trials (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 927-937 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: brain lymphomas ; chemotherapy ; intrathecal chemotherapy ; methotrexate ; primary central nervous system lymphoma ; radiotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) are aggressivemalignancies, exhibiting one of the worst prognoses among lymphomas. The besttreatment modality for PCNSL has not yet been identified. Several therapeuticquestions still remain unanswered, and some methodological pitfalls inclinical trials prevent definitive conclusions from being drawn. In thisreview, certain aspects of trial design as well as emerging therapeuticguidelines are analyzed, and future perspectives are discussed. In the vast majority of prospective trials, general criteria for treatmentof aggressive lymphomas were adopted, choosing primary chemotherapy (CHT)followed by radiotherapy (RT) as therapeutic modality. This strategy produceda five-year survival of 22%–40% in comparison to the3%–26% reported with RT alone. Systemic high-dosemethotrexate (HD-MTX) seems to be the most effective drug, producing aresponse rate of 80%–90% and a two-year survival of60%–65%. To date, the addition of other drugs atconventional doses have not consistently improved outcome. With a fewexceptions, any regimen without HD-MTX comprehensively performed no betterthan RT alone. In combined treatment, RT doses should be decided on the bases of responseto primary CHT and the number of lesions, and, until definitive conclusionsfrom well-designed trials are available, RT parameters should follow thewidely accepted principles used for other aggressive lymphomas. CHT asexclusive treatment, keeping RT for relapses or persistent disease, appearsto be an attractive strategy. However, the worldwide experience with thismodality is still limited, and corroborating data are needed. Intrathecal CHTstill has not found a defined role in PCNSL management. Preliminary data seemto indicate that adequate meningeal treatment with HD-MTX, but withoutintrathecal CHT, could also be suitable in positive-cerebrospinal fluidpatients. Future efforts should be addressed to identify new active drugs and moreefficient CHT combinations, to evaluate the efficacy of high-dose CHTsupported by autologous peripheral blood stem cells transplantation, and toclarify the impact of RT delay in complete responders, the usefulness ofintrathecal CHT, and the best management for elderly patients. The assessmentof impact of treatment on neuropsychological functions and quality of life isa mandatory endpoint in clinical trials.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008376412784
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute deterioration of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease IA (CMT IA) following 2 mg of vincristine chemotherapy (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 743-747 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease ; chemotherapy ; hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy ; PMP22 ; vincristine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Severe up to life-threatening neuropathy has beenobserved in patients with hereditary neuropathies receiving vincristine. Case report:A 52-year-old female painter suffering fromhigh-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (stage IVB) was treated with a total of 4mg of vincristine during two courses of CHOP chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide,vincristine, adriamycin, prednisone). At onset of treatment no neurologicalproblems were reported. There was good lymphoma response to chemotherapy. Atthe same time, however, the patient gradually developed dysphagia, dysarthria,muscular weakness of both lower and upper extremities, areflexia, paraesthesiaof the fingertips and bilateral sensory impairment of feet and lower legs.These symptoms continually worsened over a period of seven weeks until she wasunable to walk or to perform her work. Electrophysiological studies showedperipheral axonal and demyelinative sensorimotor neuropathy in correlation tohistological findings. Molecular analysis revealed 17p11.2 duplication typicalfor Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease IA. While continuing chemotherapywithout the use of vincristine the patient's neurologic symptoms slowlyrecovered within six months. Conclusion:Prior to administration of vincristine family andpatient history as well as physical examination should be performed carefullyto look for underlying hereditary neuropathy. For those patients with aclinical history or symptoms suggestive for CMT nerve conduction velocitystudies and on an individual base even molecular genetic analysis areneccessary to prevent serious neurologic complications.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008369315240
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemotherapy in advanced androgen-independent prostate cancer 1990–1999: A decade of progress? (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1523-1530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: androgen-independent prostate cancer ; chemotherapy ; metastatic prostate cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background and purpose:A great number of clinical researchstudies have been reported in the field of chemotherapy for advancedandrogen-independent prostate cancer during the last ten years. The aims ofthe present review were to assess their impact on management of the diseaseand on survival of patients. Methods:The review of full published reports was facilited by theuse of a MEDLINE computer search. Results:Clinical research studies have focused on definingguidelines for eligibility criteria and accurate endpoints for patients to beenrolled onto clinical trials and developing new agents or combinationof drugs including estramustine phosphate. Any combination of currentchemotherapy has no impact on overall survival of patients. Among drugs indevelopment, only the promising activity observed with docetaxel deservesrandomized trials to assess its impact on survival. The major innovativeadvance of the 90s is the demonstration of the impact of chemotherapy(mitoxantrone + prednisone) on quality of life as compared to prednisonealone. A greater and longer-lasting improvement in quality of life along witha concomitant decrease in costs was observed. Conclusions:At the present time, chemotherapy should beconsidered as a palliative treatment in patients with symptomaticandrogen-independent disease. The enrollment of patients into clinical trialsdealing with quality of life as primary endpoint is strongly solicited. Astandard methodology should be used in phase II trials with a primary goal ofselection of agents which should progress to randomized trials using survivalas an endpoint. Hopefully new specific strategies targeted to reverse themolecular changes that underlie prostate tumorigenesis should rapidly impactthe multimodality management of AIPC in the third millenium.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008394823889
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  • 49
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    Electronic Resource
    Pancreatic metastasis of a pleuropulmonary blastoma in an adult (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1609-1611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: cancer ; chemotherapy ; pleuropulmonary blastoma ; PPB ; soft tissue sarcoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare dysontogenetic tumor that usuallydevelops in the first decade of life and has been recognized as a distinctclinico-pathological entity different from the ordinary pulmonary blastoma ofadulthood. Since the tumor grows aggressively and tends to metastasize early,physicians have to be aware of late onset of symptoms and uncommonmanifestations. We report a case of PPB in a young adult and its recurrencein the pancreas after primary surgical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy.Keeping in mind the moderate prognosis of PPB in children, accurate assessmentand treatment of PPB require a team approach of oncology, radiology andsurgery to establish new therapeutic guidelines in the future.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008339425495
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  • 50
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    Guillain–Barré syndrome in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 217-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; Guillain–Barré syndrome ; lymphoma ; polyneuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a case of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) in apatient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). A 21-year-old woman with a newlydiagnosed stage IV high-grade lymphoma (precursor T-cell NHL according to theR.E.A.L. Classification) developed flaccid quadriparesis and bilateral facialdiplegia after three weeks of treatment with vincristine, daunorubicin,L-asparaginase and prednisolone. The clinical course and neurologicalexamination were consistent with GBS. Despite treatment with intravenousimmunoglobulins her neurological symptoms progressed. Plasmapheresis wastherefore initiated followed by intravenous immunoglobulins. After partialremission of neurologic symptoms, induction chemotherapy with cyclophosphamideand cytarabine was continued without any further complication. Three monthslater, the lymphoma was in complete remission. GBS has been described inHodgkin's disease and after bone marrow transplantation but is rare in NHL.In patients with NHL who develop neurological symptoms, drug toxicity andnervous system infiltration are the leading cause of neuropathology, but GBSshould be considered in the differential diagnosis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008389607293
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  • 51
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    Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in treating a case of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with severe hepatic dysfunction and pharmacokinetic study (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; doxorubicin ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; liposome ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:There is lack of effective and safe chemotherapy foradvanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Polyethylene glycol-coated (pegylated)liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) has long circulation time and enhanced drugaccumulation in the tumor tissues. It has significant activity in Kaposi'ssarcoma, breast and ovarian cancers and the acute adverse effects of free drugare reduced. Patients and methods:A patient with advanced hepatocellularcarcinoma was treated with PLD and a pharmacokinetic study was performed.Initial serum total and direct bilirubin were 3.6 and 6.8 folds of uppernormal, respectively, and an indocyanine green clearance test at 15 minuteswas 26.3% (normal 〈 15%). Results:Compared to cases with normal liver function, increasedvolume of distribution of doxorubicin correlated with a large amount ofascites (P〈 0.05). The clearance of drug was unexpectedly higherthan in cases with normal liver function (P〈 0.05). According tothe pharmacokinetic studies, the disposition of PLD in this case has not beenretarded even in the presence of severe liver dysfunction. Only minimaltoxicities including grade 2 stomatitis and moderate leukopenia were observed.The tumor had a partial remission and the patient survived nine months afterPLD treatment. Conclusion:PLD could serve as a safe and effective treatment forhepatocellular carcinoma even in the presence of impaired liver function. Itsrole in treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma is worthy of further study.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008394125040
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  • 52
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    Vinorelbine–gemcitabine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): An AASLC phase II trial (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 993-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; gemcitabine ; non-small-cell lung cancer ; phase II trial ; vinorelbine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose:The purpose of the present phase II trial was todetermine the efficacy and toxicity of vinorelbine–gemcitabine inpatients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and methods:From December 1997 to February 1999, 78chemotherapy-naive patients (median age 60 years, Karnofsky performance statusof 100, 90, 80 and 70 present in 5%, 41%, 36% and18% of the patients, respectively) with stage IIIB (17%) or IV(83%) NSCLC (65% adenocarcinomas, 22% squamous-cellcarcinomas, 10% large-cell carcinomas, 3% mixed-cell carcinomas)received 25 mg/m2 vinorelbine and 1200 mg/m2 gemcitabineon days 1, 8 and 15 of a four-week cycle. Results:In an intent-to-treat analysis, partial responses wereseen in 19% of the patients. The median duration of response was 4.4months. The median survival time was seven months and the one-year survivalrate was 32%. Myelosuppression was the main side effect with WHO grade3/4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in 35% and 11% of thepatients, respectively. Other side effects were usually mild to moderate. Conclusions:Vinorelbine–gemcitabine is active, welltolerated and easy to administer on an outpatient basis in advanced NSCLC.Thus a randomized comparison of this combination with platinum-based protocolsis warranted in patients with advanced NSCLC.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008370704612
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    Second-line chemotherapy with weekly oxaliplatin and high-dose 5-fluorouracil with folinic acid in metastatic colorectal carcinoma: A Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (HeCOG) phase II feasibility study (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 163-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; colorectal cancer ; oxaliplatin ; phase II
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Backround:Oxaliplatin is a novel platinum derivative, which,combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and folinic acid (FA), demonstratessynergistic activity in metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC). The HeCOGperformed a multicenter phase II study of a weekly oxaliplatin administrationschedule in patients with previously treated MCC to evaluate the antitumorefficacy and toxicity of this combination. Patients and methods:Eligible patients included those whorelapsed after or during chemotherapy with 5-FU and FA and/or irinotecan.Prior radiotherapy was accepted provided that measurable disease was outsidethe radiation fields. Other eligibility criteria included written informedconsent, a WHO performance status ≤2 and adequate bone marrow, liver andrenal function. Treatment consisted of Oxaliplatin 50 mg/m2 bytwo-hour intravenous (i.v.) infusion followed by FA 500 mg/m2(two-hour i.v. infusion) and 5-FU 2500 mg/m2 (24-hour continuousi.v. infusion) on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36. The regimen was repeated every50 days. Results:Thirty-two patients (Median age 61 years, range25–76) entered the trial. The majority (75%) had progressed afterreceiving first-line chemotherapy. Diarrhea was the main non-hematologic toxicity. More than half of thepatients (53%) developed grades 3 or 4 diarrhea. Due to this sideeffect only 29% of cycles were given with at least 90% of theplanned dose of 5-FU. Hematologic toxicity included grade 3 neutropenia andthrombocytopenia (10% for each), and grade 4 thrombocytopenia(3%). Two patients (6%) died of sepsis, one related toneutropenia and one due to urinary tract sepsis. Sixteen patients (50%)developed grades 1 and 2 neurotoxicity in the form of sensory neuropathy,which was mild and transient. The objective response rate was 13%(95% CI: 3%–29%). All four responses were partial.Twelve patients (38%) had stable disease and 8 (25%) progressivedisease. The median time to progression was three months and the mediansurvival was nine months from the start of therapy. The Kaplan–Meierestimated probability of one-year survival for the group as a whole was32%. Conclusions:The weekly administration of oxaliplatin with 5-FUand FA was associated with considerably less neurotoxicity than otherschedules. However, the high percentage of diarrhea suggests that a dosereduction of 5-FU in this regimen may result in better therapeutic synergy.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008397109048
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  • 54
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    Kinetic Analysis of the Decomposition of Chelates of Di-alkyldithiocarbamate of Cd(II) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 59 (2000), S. 633-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: cadmium ; dialkyldithiocarbamate ; kinetics ; thermal decomposition ; thermogravimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The thermal decomposition kinetics of the solid complexes Cd(S2 CNR2 )2 , where R =C2 H5 , n -C3 H7 , n -C4 H9 or iso -C4 H9 , was studied by using isothermal and non-isothermal thermogravimetry. The superimposed TG/DTG/DSC curves revealed that thermal decomposition reactions occur in the liquid phase. The kinetic model that best fitted the experimental isothermal TG data was the one-dimensional phase-boundary reaction-controlled process R1 . The thermal analysis data suggested the thermal stability sequence Cd(S2 CNBun 2 )2 〉Cd(S2 CNPrn 2 )2 〉Cd(S2 CNBui 2 )2 〉Cd(S2 CNEt2 )2 , which accords with the sequence of stability of the apparent activation energies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010120813517
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  • 55
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    Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Facial and Meridional uns-cis-[Co(eddp)gly] Complexes (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 59 (2000), S. 807-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: facial and meridional Co(III) complexes ; kinetics ; thermodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Thermal properties of facial and meridional uns-cis-[Co(eddp)gly]0.5H2O complexes were investigated by means of DSC and TG techniques. It wasshown that the processes of thermal decomposition of these complexes are multi-stepdegradation processes, which can also be well separated into individual steps, depending onthe molecular symmetry. Thus, the process of thermal degradation of the meridional isomerof the above complex consists of 4 well-separated steps in the temperature interval from 100to 500°C. The corresponding kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of this process weredetermined, and a possible mechanism is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010157821694
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  • 56
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    Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Some Metal Complexes of N,N-diethyl-n '-benzoylthiourea (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 61 (2000), S. 955-965 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: kinetics ; metal complexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were performed on the complexes with general formula (M(DEBT)n (where M =Fe, Co, Ni, Cu or Ru; n =2, or 3 and DEBT=N,N-diethyl-N'-benzoylthiourea). Derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves were also recorded in order to obtain decomposition data on the complexes. The complexes of Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Ru(III) displayed two- or three-stage decomposition patterns when heated in a dynamic nitrogen atmosphere. Mass loss considerations relating to the decomposition stages indicated the conversion of the complexes to the sulfides or to the corresponding metal alone (Cu, Ru, NiS, CoS or FeS). Mathematical analysis of the TG and DTG data showed that the order of reaction varied between 0.395 and 0.973. Kinetic parameters such as the decomposition energy, the entropy of activation and the pre-exponential factor are reported.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010171230450
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  • 57
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    Fast Gas Adsorption Measurements For Complicated Adsorption Mechanisms (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 62 (2000), S. 429-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: adsorption ; fast measurement ; gravimetry ; kinetics ; sorption ; kw6
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Jäntti introduced a method to reduce the time required for the stepwise measurement of adsorption isotherms. After each pressure change he measured the adsorbed mass three times and calculated its equilibrium value at the new pressure. In the present paper, we discuss the applicability of this method in a broader scope without starting from a given combination of sorptive and adsorbent and the influence of measuring inaccuracies. The method is applied to detect whether the adsorption process is based on more than one adsorption mechanism or not.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010190131304
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  • 58
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    Study of Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Low-temperature Reaction of Ammonium Perchlorate by Isothermal TG (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 63 (2000), S. 375-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: activation energy ; ammonium perchlorate ; decompositon ; isothermal ; kinetics ; thermogravimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate at temperatures between 215 and 260°C is studied, in this work, by measuring the sample mass loss as a function of time applying the isothermal thermogravimetric method. From the maximum decomposition rate – temperature dependence two different decomposition stages, corresponding to two different structural phases of ammonium perchlorate, are identified. For the first region (215–235°C), corresponding to the orthorhombic phase, the mean value of the activation energy of 146.3 kJ mol–1, and the pre-exponential factor of 3.43⋅1014 min–1 are obtained, whereas for the second region (240–260°C), corresponding to the cubic phase, the mean value of the activation energy of153.3 kJ mol–1, and the pre-exponential factor of 4.11⋅1014 min–1 are obtained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010136308310
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  • 59
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    Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of The Decomposition of 10-methylacridinium Halides (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 35-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: kinetics ; 10-methylacridinium halides ; thermodynamics ; thermogravimetric investigations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 10-Methylacridinium chloride, bromide and iodide were prepared in crystalline forms (the first two salts as monohydrates) and subjected to thermogravimetric investigations. Decomposition of the compounds is initially accompanied by the liberation of water (in case of monohydrates), halomethanes and acridine molecules. As decomposition proceeds, side reactions occur which are reflected in a complex pattern of thermogravimetric curves. TG traces corresponding to the initial decomposition stage were used to determine the kinetic characteristics of the thermal dissociation of the salts. MNDO/d, AM1 and PM3 methods were employed independently to examine reaction pathways and to predict thermodynamic and kinetic barriers for the thermal decomposition of the compounds. These data were subsequently supplemented with theoretically determined crystal lattice energies, which enabled the relevant characteristics for the decomposition of crystalline phases to be predicted. The theoretically predicted characteristics are qualitatively comparable with those originating from thermogravimetric investigations, which allows one to believe that both are valid.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010160132175
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  • 60
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    Thermal Decomposition of Triazine Herbicides. I. 1,2-(4-chloro-6-ethylamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)-2-methylpropionitrile (cyanazine) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: cyanazine ; DSC ; kinetics ; thermal stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cyanazine was taken as an example for investigations under the influence of different conditions on thermal decomposition of triazine herbicides. DSC measurements were carried out under atmospheric pressure and hermetically closed, under pressure 1.3 kPa. The influence of the pressure on the constant reaction rate of decomposition of cyanazine was discussed. It was also proved that the predicted reaction constant rates from isothermal and non-isothermal measurements are consistent.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010132820788
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  • 61
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    Influence of Gas Atmosphere on Removal of Sulphate Groups From Titanium Oxide (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: desulfuration ; gas atmosphere ; kinetics ; thermal decomposition ; titanium dioxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The studies were devoted to determination of the effect of gas atmosphere and its pressure on the second step of decomposition of hydrated titanium dioxide (HTD) promoted by sulfate groups. It has been found that thermal decomposition of HTD at temperatures above 300°C consists of a number of processes such as dehydroxylation, desulfuration, recrystallization and sintering of solid grains, photochemical processes (if the decomposition proceeds in the presence of light) and adsorption of gas phase components (in the presence of air or SO2). Kinetic parameters characterizing this step of decomposition have been determined for processes carried out in vacuum and in argon or air atmospheres (at a pressure of 13.33hPa). The kinetic curves of decomposition carried out in the presence of gases capable of being adsorbed on the surface of partly dehydrated HTD are featured by local extrema due to simultaneous processes of decomposition and adsorption of gas components.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010178130783
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  • 62
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    Solid State Coordination Chemistry. The quantitative thermoanalytical study of thermal dissociation reactions (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: coordination compounds ; kinetics ; thermal dissociation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Physicalo-chemical importance of the quantitative study of kineticliability of coordination compounds in thermal dissociation processes is considered. Muchattention is given to the proof of the physicalo-chemical meaning and validity of kineticparameters calculated from thermoanalytical data. Experimental data (thermal dissociation ofcoordination compounds and clathrates with such a matrix) are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010148028796
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  • 63
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    The Effect of Cross-linked Polyethylene As a Surface Modifier on Crystallization of Polypropylene (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 401-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: cross-linking ; isothermal crystallization ; kinetics ; modification ; polypropylene ; silica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of addition of silica on the parameters of isothermal crystallization of polypropylene has been investigated. It was found that the covering of the silica surface by a layer of low-density polyethylene leads to a deactivation of the filler regarding the positive effect on the polypropylene crystallization rate parameters. Cross-linking of the surface polyethylene layer results in a stronger attachment of the modifying polymer to the filler surface and the deactivation effect of the silica surface modification is more pronounced.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010129106561
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  • 64
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    Formation of Cr(II) Species in the H2/CrO3 System. Parameter control (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 541-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: Cr(II) ; chromium trioxide ; kinetics ; reduction ; thermal analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The thermal behaviour of CrO3 on heating up to 600°C in dynamic atmospheres of air, N2 and H2 was examined by thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), IR spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results revealed three major thermal events, depending to different extents on the surrounding atmosphere: (i) melting of CrO3 near 215°C (independent of the atmosphere), (ii) decomposition into Cr2(CrO4)3 at 340–360°C (insignificantly dependent), and (iii) decomposition of the chromate into Cr2O3 at 415–490°C (significantly dependent). The decomposition CrO3 → Cr2(CrO4)3 is largely thermal and involves exothermic deoxygenation and polymerization reactions, whereas the decomposition Cr2(CrO4)3 → Cr2O3 involves endothermic reductive deoxygenation reactions in air (or N2) which are greatly accelerated and rendered exothermic in the presence of H2. TG measurements as a function of heating rate (2–50°C min−1) demonstrated the acceleratory role of H2, which extended to the formation of Cr(II) species. This could sustain a mechanism whereby H2 molecules are considered to chemisorb dissociatively, and then spillover to induce the reduction. DTA measurements as a function of the heating rate (2–50°C min−1) helped in the derivation of non-isothermal kinetic parameters strongly supportive of the mechanism envisaged.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010142904261
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    Kinetic Modeling of Advanced Inorganic Glass-ceramics Formation by Crystal Growth From Pre-existing Nuclei (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 667-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: accommodation function ; crystal growth ; glass-ceramics ; kinetics ; number of nuclei ; thermal history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Kinetic modeling of the crystal growth from pre-existing nuclei was reexamined to obtain a fundamental information about the controlled crystallization of glasses during formation of advanced inorganic glass-ceramics. Methods of kinetic analysis were reviewed by taking account of thermal history of the sample within the temperature range of nucleation. An accommodation function depending on the thermal history was introduced in the kinetic equation. The role of the accommodation function was reinvestigated when determining the activation energy from a series of kinetic curves. The kinetic description of the crystal growth in the samples with different thermal history was generalized by extrapolating the rate behavior to infinite temperature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010123805594
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    Temperature Modulated DSC. Theoretical interpretation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 333-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: base line ; DSC ; kinetics ; modeling ; thermodynamics ; TMDSC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The application of non-linear heating program to a heat-flux DSC apparatus has attracted much attention. From thermodynamics viewpoint, it is shown that the variation of enthalpy of a sample changing with temperature change is due, to both the true heat capacity of the sample and the enthalpy of some transformations occurring in the sample, characterized by its degree of advance. Using the simple assumption that the rate of the transformation is proportional to the distance from the thermodynamic equilibrium, an electrical model of the thermal event is given. Using the coupled cell model of the DSC apparatus, we show how to obtain the rate of transformation of the sample and heat capacity, which is directly related to the base line of the experiment.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010148200201
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    Practical Thermogravimetry (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 759-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: decomposition temperature ; error sources ; gas-flow and vapor control ; kinetics ; thermogravimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The well-known divergence between the present ‘state of the art’ of thermogravimetry and industrial requirements is discussed. Sources of errors are analyzed and the optimization of measuring conditions is discussed regarding the problems associated with static and dynamic (flow) atmospheres, and interactions between materials and gases or vapors. Recommendations for gas-flow control systems and vapor sources are given. Thermal stability and the kinetics of gas-evolving, reversible, thermal decompositions of solids are discussed. The scope of TG-derived kinetics for practical use is examined. Some new characteristic points of TG curves are proposed and defined, e.g. ‘procedure-independent decomposition temperature’ and ‘augmented decomposition temperature’ (obtained at pseudo-equilibrium conditions).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010187019979
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    The Thermodynamic Driving Force in the Kinetic Evaluation of Thermoanalytical Curves (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 879-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: driving force ; kinetics ; rate equation ; reversible reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This paper outlines the different ways of taking the distance from thermodynamic equilibrium into account in kinetic studies based on thermoanalytical experiments. The three main approaches are: (i) avoiding or neglecting the effect of the reverse reaction, (ii) describing the influence of distance from equilibrium on apparent kinetic parameters, and (iii) incorporating a driving force factor in the rate equation. Finally, the contradiction of the microscopic nature of the processes and the macroscopic character of the usual rate equation are briefly discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010159708593
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  • 69
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    Kinetic Analysis of the Thermal Decomposition of Synthetic Malachite by CRTA (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 60 (2000), S. 943-954 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: CRTA ; kinetics ; self-generated atmospheric conditions ; synthetic malachite ; thermal decomposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetic behavior of the thermal decomposition of synthetic malachite was investigated by means of CRTA under different conditions of reduced pressure, flowing gases and quasi-isobaric atmospheres. The thermal decomposition was found to proceed at lower temperatures under the influence of the self-generated gases, CO2 and H2O. From a viewpoint of chemical equilibrium, the normal and opposite effects on the overall kinetics were observed for the self-generated CO2 and H2O, respectively. The complexity of the present reaction is also reflected by the variations of the apparent kinetic parameters which depend on the applied and self-generated atmospheric conditions. The practical usefulness of CRTA when applied to a complicated thermal decomposition is discussed as exemplified by the kinetic approaches to the present reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010172111319
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    Thermal Studies on Some Lanthanide Complexes (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 61 (2000), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: complexes ; kinetics ; TG-DTA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Thermal behaviour of a few lanthanide complexes of the type ML3(I) [M=Eu,Gd; HL=4,4,4-trifluoro- 1-(2-napthyl)-1,3-butanedione and EuL30.5dmm dmm=2,6-dimethylmorpholine(II)], has been investigated. From thermogravimetric(TG) curves, the decomposition pattern of the compounds has been analysed on the basis of mass loss data. The order and activation energy of the thermal decomposition reactions have been elucidated. From differential thermal analysis (DTA) studies, the heat of reaction and rate of thermal decomposition reaction have been enumerated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010172926826
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    Non-isothermal Kinetic Study of the Heterogeneous Thermal Decomposition of a Mannich Compound (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 61 (2000), S. 239-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: kinetics ; Mannich compounds ; thermal decomposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The authors present data concerning the evaluation of kinetic parameters of the decomposition of a Mannich compound by using the classical method of constant heating rate thermal analysis and the new one of controlled rate thermal analysis (CRTA). The data processed using the CRTA method allow to obtain more reliable kinetic parameters according to the proposed reaction mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010197632277
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    Polypropylene Crystallization in an Ethylene-propylene-diene Rubber Matrix (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 61 (2000), S. 437-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: crystallization ; EPDM ; kinetics ; morphology ; PP ; rubber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the incorporation of an amorphous immiscible polymer (ethylene-propylene-diene- terpolymer) on the PP crystallization kinetics and thermodynamics is investigated by thermal analysis. The results of the investigation have shown that EPDM acts as a nucleant agent. A marked decrease of the half time of PP crystallization, τ1/2 , as well as a sensible increase of the overall crystallization rate, K n , has been observed in the presence of EPDM. Moreover, at any crystallization temperature, a minimum of τ1/2 , is obtained at 25% EPDM content in the blend. The Avrami model has been successfully applied to describe the crystallization kinetics of the blend. The kinetic curves obtained under non-isothermal conditions confirm the results obtained under isothermal conditions and demonstrate the nucleant action of the EPDM phase on the PP crystallization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010165317028
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  • 73
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    TG and DTA Study of the Thermal Dehydration of Metal-exchanged Zeolite-4A Samples (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 62 (2000), S. 721-727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: kinetics ; metal exchange ; thermaldehydration ; zeolite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Zeolite-4A is a hydrated aluminosilicate which becomes more hydrated when exchanged with transition metals. In this work, the dehydration kinetics of cobalt, nickel and copper(II)-exchanged zeolite-4A were studied by means of TG and DTA over the temperature range from 20 to 500°C, and the numbers of water molecules in the metal-exchanged zeolite samples were calculated. It was observed that, as the ionic radius of the hydrated metal increased, the number of water molecules also increased. The loss of water from the zeolite samples generally occurred in the temperature range 100–300°C and was manifested in the DTA graphs by an extended endothermic effect. The DTA curves demonstrated that the peak position shifted towards lower temperatures as the metal concentration increased or, in other words, the water of hydration increased. The kinetic parameters (order of reaction and activation energy) were calculated via the Coats and Redfern method. The process of dehydration was found to follow first-order kinetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026725509732
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    Kinetic Equations for Thermal Dissociation Processes. Part I. KEKAM equation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 63 (2000), S. 359-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: KEKAM equation ; kinetics ; thermal dissociation of solids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Relationships have been established between the average conversion degree and the dissociation time for polydisperse granular material, taking its grain size distribution into account. It has been checked in which cases the kinetic curves obtained by a numerical solution can be described in terms of KEKAM equation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010184224240
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    Critical Analysis of the Isoconversional Methods for Evaluating the Activation Energy. II. The activation energy obtained from isothermal data corresponding to two successive reactions (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 63 (2000), S. 465-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: isoconversional methods ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An analysis is presented of the consequences of the use of a one term equation containing apparent activation parameters, instead of the true rate equation to describe two successive decomposition reactions undergone by a solid compound. It is demonstrated that the apparent activation energy, obtained by means of isoconversional differential and integral methods, varies with the conversion degree for a relatively narrow temperature range and with temperature at a given value of the conversion degree. The activation energy values obtained with the isoconversional differential method are higher than the corresponding values obtained with the isoconversional integral method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010100712853
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    Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Plumbo-jarosite (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 59 (2000), S. 869-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: decomposition ; kinetics ; plumbo-jarosite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An investigation was carried out on the kinetics of thermal decomposition of plumbo-jarosite. The kinetic models of dissociation of the compounds in the ore were identified. The results of the kinetic studies and the mechanism of the process are discussed. The thermal decomposition of plumbo-jarosite occurs in three stages: the first up to 763, the second up to 1023 and the third up to 1223 K, the corresponding activation energy values being 62.2, 60.3 and 98.0 kJ mol–1 , respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010122308490
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    Thermal Characterization of Passivated Nanometer Size Aluminium Powders (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 61 (2000), S. 805-818 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: aluminium ; ARC ; DSC ; kinetics ; nanometric size ; SDT ; TG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The thermal properties of Alex, a nanosized Al powder, were determined using various techniques, including DSC, TG, simultaneous TG-DTA (SDT) and accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). The results demonstrate that the specific heat capacities of nano and micron size Al powders are similar between 30 and 400°C. Dynamic and isothermal methods were used to determine the kinetic parameters for the oxidation reaction of Alex, which was detected at an onset temperature of 481°C. The results obtained were in good agreement with each other. From the ARC experiments, exotherms were detected near 340 and 260°C for experiments started at ambient pressure and at 0.72 MPa, respectively.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010197115003
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    Thermal and Spectroscopic Studies on the Decomposition of Some Aminoguanidine Nitrates (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 61 (2000), S. 861-871 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DAGN ; kinetics ; mechanism and IR spectroscopy ; TAGN ; thermal decomposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Diaminoguanidine nitrate (DAGN) and triaminoguanidine nitrate (TAGN),potential energetic materials in emerging propulsion technology with high mass impetus at low isochoric flame temperature have been studied as regards kinetics and mechanism of thermal decomposition using thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA),infrared spectroscopy (IR) and hot stage microscopy. Kinetics of thermolysis has been followed by isothermal TG and IR. For the initial stage of thermolysis of DAGN the best linearity with a correlation coefficient of 0.9976 was obtained for the Avrami-Erofe'evequation, n=2, by isothermal TG. The activation energy was found to be 130 kJ mol–1 and logA=11.4. The initial stage of thermolysis of TAGN also obeyed the Avrami-Erofe'ev equation, n=2, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9975by isothermal TG and the kinetic parameters are E=160.0 kJ mol–1 and logA=16.0. High temperature IR spectra showed exquisite preferential loss in intensity of the NH2, NH, N–N stretching and CNN bending. Spectroscopic and other results favour deamination reaction involving the rupture of the N–N bond as the primary step in the thermal decomposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010113707251
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    Fractal Approach in the Kinetics of Solid-Gas Decompositions. Part II (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 61 (2000), S. 979-984 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: kinetics ; nucleation-growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The author presents some applications of the fractal geometry in the kinetics of heterogeneous decomposition of solids.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010175415429
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    Study of The Mechanism and Kinetic Parameters of The Thermal Decomposition of Cobalt Sulphate Hexahydrate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 59 (2000), S. 935-942 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: CoSO46H2O ; kinetics ; thermal decomposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were used in the study of the kinetics of decomposition of cobalt sulphate hexahydrate under an air atmosphere. The kinetics of the particular stages of CoSO4 6H2 O decomposition were evaluated from the dynamic mass loss data. The values of the kinetic parameters for each stage of the thermal decomposition were calculated from the α(T) data by using the integral method, applying the Coats-Redfern approximation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010186628054
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    Kinetic Study of the Accelerating Effect of Coal-burning Additives on the Combustion of Graphite (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 62 (2000), S. 681-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: coal-burning additive ; combustion ; graphite ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The catalytic and accelerating effects of three coal-burning additives (CBA) on the burning of graphite were studied with the help of thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The kinetic study on the catalytic oxidation of the graphite doped with CBA was carried out and the results were presented. The results show that the CBA can change the carbon oxidation/combustion course by catalytic action and change the activation energy, thus improving the combustion efficiency.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026769323844
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    Critical Analysis of the Isoconversional Methods for Evaluating the Activation Energy. I. Theoretical background (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 63 (2000), S. 457-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: isoconversional methods ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract It is demonstrated that, if the activation energy depends on the degree of conversion, its values obtained by isoconversional differential and integral methods are different.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010148611036
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    Modeling of the Phase Transformation Induced by Ball Milling in Anatase TiO2 (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials synthesis and processing 8 (2000), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4870
    Keywords: TiO2 ; phase transformations ; mechanical alloying ; kinetics ; modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A high-pressure and high-temperature phase of TiO2 : TiO2 II is formed transiently during room-temperature high-energy ball milling of anatase TiO2 : TiO2 anatase → TiO2 II → TiO2 rutile. Rutile is the only phase present after prolonged ball milling. The present paper focuses on the influences of physical and chemical processing conditions on the transformation kinetics. The effects of two milling parameters on the kinetics of phase transformation of anatase TiO2 were investigated: the nature of milling tools and the powder-to-ball weight ratio R. Granulometric characterizations and TEM observations have demonstrated that the transformation of TiO2 anatase into TiO2 II occurs without fracturing of particles and that TiO2 II nanograins form at the surface of anatase particles. The parameter R affects only the transformation rate. For a given R, the transformation rate is the largest with alumina grinding tools, intermediate with zirconia tools, and the smallest with steel tools. The parameters involved in current models of the mechanical alloying process do not suffice to explain the differences in transformation rates observed here. A parameter, which takes into account the influence of the mechanical properties of grinding materials, is considered.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011351807629
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    Relating Single-Impact Events to Macrokinetic Features in Mechanical Alloying Processes (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials synthesis and processing 8 (2000), S. 271-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4870
    Keywords: Comminution ; kinetics ; mechanical alloying ; phase transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract It has been shown that structural evolution occurring in powder mixtures subjected to mechanical treatment by milling follow well-defined conversion trends as a function of milling time. Sigmoidal curves were observed in the case of the mechanical alloying of transition metal mixtures, whereas a simpler kinetic course with a progressively decreasing transformation rate was found to characterize the disordering process of intermetallic equilibrium compounds by mechanical milling. Under the stipulation that collisions are the dominant energy transfer events, a kinetic model is developed to relate the observed macrokinetic features to the discrete powder fractions, which transform at each impact. Because of its intrinsic qualities, the milling process was regarded as discrete processing. A statistical approach was followed to work out a set of differential equations, solutions of which provide a sound description of the transformation kinetics in terms of conventional rate expressions. The model allows one to reproduce the different kinetic behaviors by means of a single, unifying mathematical formalism. Furthermore, quantifying the structural evolution rate by suitable kinetic constants permits the exploration of the reactive behavior of a system treated under different milling regimes or to compare, on an absolute basis, different systems processed under similar conditions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011382008963
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    High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of the Co-Base Superalloy DZ40M in Air (2000)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 53 (2000), S. 351-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Co-base superalloy ; high-temperature oxidation ; kinetics ; structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation behavior of the Co-base superalloy DZ40M was studied in air at900–1100°C for times of up to 2000 hr. The results indicated thatthis alloy can grow a protective oxide scale at 900 and 1000°C duringisothermal oxidation, but not at 1100°C because of serious cracking andspalling of the oxide scales. Moreover, an internal-precipitate zone formedin the subsurface region of the alloy at all temperatures and times. Theprecipitates were rich in Cr in the vicinity of the alloy–scaleinterface and rich in Al deep in the alloy. The internal-precipitatemorphology changed from a granular to needlelike shape with increasingoxidation temperature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004597405809
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    Analysis of Aluminum—Yeast Hexokinase Interaction: Modifications on Protein Structure and Functionality (2000)
    Springer
    The protein journal 19 (2000), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Aluminum ; yeast hexokinase ; preferential interactions ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The aluminum and yeast hexokinase interaction was studied. Structural changes were correlated with variations in protein functionality. Results show two different behaviors: At low metal concentrations preferential adsorption of metal (and water exclusion) induces aggregate formation. No significant changes in the protein structure occur, but there is a continuous loss of activity (from the first concentration). At large salt concentrations a monomerization process and a conformational change in the secondary structure as well as in the three-dimensional structure take place. This change reduces the percentage of α-helix conformation, gives thermal stability to the protein, and allows the exposure of some tryptophan residue and hydrophobic regions. The protein inhibition increases. Conformational change and monomerization may allow access of the metal to the substrate site, mainly the ATP site. The inhibition in any case is of mixed type with a competitive component.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007055719926
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    A Comparative Study of Human Muscle and Brain Creatine Kinases Expressed in Escherichia coli (2000)
    Springer
    The protein journal 19 (2000), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Keywords: Creatine kinase ; human ; expression ; brain ; muscle ; purification ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We report the expression of the human muscle (CK-MM) and brain (CK-BB) creatine kinases in Escherichia coli. The proteins have been purified to apparent homogeneity and several of their physical and kinetic properties investigated. In the process, we have conclusively verified the correct DNA sequence of the genes encoding the respective isozymes, and determined the correct primary structure and mass of the gene products. Alignment of the primary sequences of these two enzymes shows 81% sequence identity with each other, and no obvious gross structural differences. However, Western blot analyses demonstrated the general lack of antigenic cross-reactivity between these isozymes. Preliminary kinetic analyses show the K m and k cat values for the creatine and MgATP substrates are similar to values reported for other isozymes from various tissues and organisms. The human muscle and brain CKs do not, however, exhibit the synergism of substrate binding that is observed, for example, in rabbit muscle creatine kinase.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007047026691
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    Stabilization of ammonium dinitramide in the liquid phase (2000)
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 49 (2000), S. 1974-1976 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: ammonium dinitramide ; thermal decomposition ; kinetics ; stabilization ; isotope composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of accumulation of the main products of thermal decomposition of ammonium dinitramide in the melt was investigated. The isotope composition of nitrogen-containing gases evolved by the decomposition of 15NH4N(NO2)2 and NH4 15N(NO2)2 was found. Easily oxidized salts, amines, amides, iodides, and other compounds soluble in the melt interfere with the liquid-phase decomposition of ammonium dinitramide.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009555405171
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    The kinetics and mechanism of cyclodimerization of alkylthiopropenals (2000)
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 49 (2000), S. 1977-1980 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: 2-alkylthiopropenals ; Diels–Alder reaction ; kinetics ; reaction mechanism ; 2,5-dialkylthio-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carbaldehyde ; IR spectroscopy ; ab initio calculations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of 2-alkylthiopropenals cyclodimerization was studied in the temperature range from -7 to +42 °C in heptane and at 20 °C in various solvents. The rate constants for cyclodimerization of 2-alkylthiopropenals are four orders of magnitude higher than those for dimerization of the oxygen-containing analogs, 2-alkoxypropenals, and are independent of the solvent polarity and substituent steric constant. The activation parameters for 2-butylthiopropenal cyclodimerization were estimated. The distribution of electron density in the 2-methoxy- and 2-methylthiopropenals molecules was calculated by the ab initio method. From comparison of the HOMO and LUMO energies for these aldehydes it was concluded that the ratio between the cyclodimerization rates for 2-alkylthio-, 2-ethoxypropenals, and propenal is determined by the HOMO–LUMO gap.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009507522009
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  • 90
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    Cooperative Interactions in Photosensitized Modification of DNA with Oligonucleotide-derived Binary Reagents (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular biology 34 (2000), S. 814-822 
    Details
    ISSN: 1608-3245
    Keywords: DNA ; kinetics ; oligonucleotide derivatives ; photomodification ; sensitization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Quantitative characteristics of thermodynamic and kinetic cooperativity arising in the process of photomodification of a single-stranded DNA fragment with binary systems of oligonucleotide conjugates forming an active site on the target were studied. Oligonucleotides of the binary system were complementary to adjacent segments of the DNA target, and contained arylazide (X) and perylene (S) residues covalently attached to their terminal phosphates. Upon irradiation at the perylene absorption wavelength, the target was modified by the arylazide residue, which was activated owing to the contiguity with the sensitizing perylene group in the tandem complex. Basing on the kinetic data, the constants of association of both derivatives of oligonucleotides with the target were determined: K x = 1.13 · 106 M–1, K s = 1.49 · 104 M–1. It was determined that association of both oligonucleotides with the target proceeded with a positive cooperativity characterized by parameter α = 45. The kinetic cooperativity parameter β was found to be approximately equal to 200; this characterized the acceleration of target modification in complex with the binary reagent versus that in the absence of sensitizer.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026619607955
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    Functional Properties of Lactate Dehydrogenase from Dunaliella salina and Its Role in Glycerol Synthesis (2000)
    Springer
    Russian journal of plant physiology 47 (2000), S. 761-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1608-3407
    Keywords: Dunaliella salina ; lactate dehydrogenase ; kinetics ; glycerol synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The dependence of the catalytic properties of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) from a halophilic alga Dunaliella salina, a glycophilic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and from porcine muscle on glycerol concentration, medium pH, and temperature was investigated. Several chemical properties of the enzyme from D. salina differentiated it from the LDH preparation obtained from C. reinhardtii and any homologous enzymes of plant, animal, and bacterial origin. (1) V max of pyruvate reduction manifested low sensitivity to the major intracellular osmolyte, glycerol. (2) The affinity of LDH for its coenzyme NADH dropped in the physiological pH region of 6–8. Above pH 8, NADH virtually did not bind to LDH, while the enzyme affinity for pyruvate did not change considerably. (3) The enzyme thermostability was extremely low: LDH was completely inactivated at room temperature within 30 min. The optimum temperature for pyruvate reduction (32°C) was considerably lower than with the enzyme preparations from C. reinhardtii (52°C) and porcine muscle (61°C). (4) NADH greatly stabilized LDH: the ratio of LDH inactivation constants in the absence of the coenzyme and after NADH addition at the optimum temperature in the preparation from D. salina exceeded the corresponding indices of LDH preparations from C. reinhardtii twelve times and from porcine muscle eight times. The authors believe that these LDH properties match the specific metabolism of D. salina which is set at rapid glycerol synthesis under hyperosmotic stress conditions. The increase of cytoplasmic pH value produced in D. salina by the hyperosmotic shock can switch off the terminal reaction of the glycolytic pathway and thus provide for the most efficient utilization of NADH in the cycle of glycerol synthesis. As LDH is destabilized in the absence of NADH, this reaction is also switched off. In the course of alga adaptation to the hyperosmotic shock, glycerol accumulation and the neutralization of intracellular pH stabilize LDH, thus creating the conditions for restoring the complete glycolytic cycle.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026607211936
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    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic study of a thermostable β-glycosidase of Thermus thermophilus. Effects of temperature and glucose on hydrolysis and transglycosylation reactions (2000)
    Springer
    Glycoconjugate journal 17 (2000), S. 377-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4986
    Keywords: β-glycosidase ; temperature dependence ; kinetics ; glucose ; transglycosylation ; (Thermus thermophilus)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A β-glycosidase of a thermophile, Thermus thermophilus, belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 1, was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The purified enzyme (Ttβgly) has a broad substrate specificity towards β-D-glucoside, β-D-galactoside and β-D-fucoside derivatives. The thermostability of Ttβgly was exploited to study its kinetic properties within the range 25–80[emsp4 ]°C. Whatever the temperature, except around 60[emsp4 ]°C, the enzyme displayed non-Michaelian kinetic behavior. Ttβgly was inhibited by high concentrations of substrate below 60[emsp4 ]°C and was activated by high concentrations of substrate above 60[emsp4 ]°C. The apparent kinetic parameters (k cat and K m ) were calculated at different temperatures. Both k cat and K m increased with an increase in temperature, but up to 75[emsp4 ]°C the values of k cat increased much more rapidly than the values of K m . The observed kinetics might be due to a combination of factors including inhibition by excess substrate and stimulation due to transglycosylation reactions. Our results show that the substrate could act not only as a glycosyl donor but also as a glycosyl acceptor. In addition, when the glucose was added to reaction mixtures, inhibition or activation was observed depending on both substrate concentration and temperature. A reaction model is proposed to explain the kinetic behavior of Ttβgly. The scheme integrates the inhibition observed at high concentrations of substrate and the activation due to transglycosylation reactions implicating the existence of a transfer subsite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007104030314
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) and annexin II are involved in the metastatic progression of tumor cells after chemotherapy with Adriamycin (2000)
    Springer
    Clinical & experimental metastasis 18 (2000), S. 45-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Keywords: ALCAM ; annexin II ; chemotherapy ; metastasis ; progression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Metastasis frequently occurs during and/or after chemotherapy resulting in failure. This suggests that inadequate chemotherapy promotes the emergence of more malignant tumor cells with metastatic potential. However, it is not determined how chemotherapy could promote the metastatic progression of tumor cells. In this study, we isolated highly metastatic clones from the tumors treated with ADR using an in vivo experimental model, in which non-metastatic tumor cells were inoculated s.c. in mice, treated with or without Adriamycin and then culture lines were re-established from the tumors. Then we isolated cDNAs for activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), osteopontin, and annexin II as candidates for metastasis-promoting genes with the use of a PCR-based subtraction method. Further we examined the metastatic potential of transfectants over-expressing ALCAM, osteopontin, or annexin II and combinations of them. Metastasis to the lung was observed in the mice where transfectants over-expressing ALCAM plus annexin II had been inoculated via tail vein. These results suggest that the over-expression of ALCAM and annexin II play a role in the metastatic progression after chemotherapy with ADR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026507713080
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemotherapy for Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 47 (2000), S. 293-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; intramedullary ; spinal cord tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intramedullary tumors are rare, accounting for only about 4% of all CNS neoplasms. Although surgery represents the most effective treatment, recurrence may occur. As a large proportion of intramedullary malignancies occur in children, who are more sensitive to the deleterious effects of irradiation, chemotherapy assumes an important role. This article describes the most common intramedullary tumors and the role of chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006499313482
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase II Trial of Pre-irradiation KRN8602 (MX2) in Malignant Glioma Patients (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 48 (2000), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: malignant glioma ; chemotherapy ; anthracyclines ; KRN8602 (MX2) ; phase II study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract KRN8602 (MX2) is a newly developed morpholino anthracycline that crosses the blood–brain barrier where it becomes distributed in brain tissue after intravenous administration. This morpholino anthracycline has been found to be effective against human glioma cells and the intracerebrally transplanted tumors in vivo. We performed a phase II trial using KRN8602 as a single agent in malignant glioma patients who had not received prior adjuvant therapy. The 13 patients (5 glioblastomas, 7 anaplastic astrocytomas and 1 malignant oligodendroglioma) enrolled received at least 1 cycle of KRN8602 at 35 mg/m2/day in 3–4 week intervals by intravenous bolus. Ten of these patients could be evaluated for response, and 13 for toxicity. Three patients (1 glioblastoma and 2 anaplastic astrocytomas) demonstrated a complete response (3/10, 30%). Concerning side effects, myelosuppression was moderately severe, with 30.7% of patients developing grade 3 leukopenia. Severe nausea/vomiting was observed in 69% of the patients, however, cardiotoxicity was not observed. The results indicate that KRN8602 demonstrated modest activity against malignant glioma with relatively severe, but manageable toxicity. Further assessment of the efficacy and toxicity of KRN86O2 against malignant glioma may be worthwhile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006482006138
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treosulfan Chemotherapy for Recurrent Malignant Glioma (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 49 (2000), S. 231-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: treosulfan ; chemotherapy ; malignant glioma ; myelosuppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Treosulfan is a bifunctional alkylating prodrug with activity against various solid tumors. To improve the outcome for patients with recurrent malignant glioma, we assessed the efficacy of intravenous treosulfan (6–10 g/m2 4-weekly) as salvage therapy for patients with recurrent or progressive glioblastoma (GB, n = 14) or anaplastic astrocytoma (AA, n = 2). All patients had prior involved-field radiotherapy and adjuvant nitrosourea-based chemotherapy. A total of 56 cycles were administered. Tumor responses were assessed radiologically and clinically prior to each cycle. All patients were assessable for toxicity, response and survival. There were no complete or partial responses (CR, PR). Two patients progressed after the first cycle, 14 patients had initially stable disease (SD). Median progression-free survival was 3.25 months for the GB patients. Five patients were progression-free at 6 months (30%), including the 2 AA patients. The 2 AA patients are stable at 22 months. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity in this cohort of nitrosourea-pretreated patients. Treosulfan has modest activity in patients with recurrent malignant glioma. Further evaluation of treosulfan in chemonaive malignant glioma patients is warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006496831144
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Randomized Phase II and Pharmacokinetic Study of Dacarbazine in Patients with Recurrent Glioma (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 49 (2000), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: DTIC ; dacarbazine ; recurrent gliomas ; brain tumors ; chemotherapy ; glioblastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We conducted a randomized phase II study to determine the efficacy of dacarbazine (DTIC) in recurrent gliomas. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either DTIC 750 mg/m2 IV day 1 every 28 days (Arm A) or DTIC 200 mg/m2 IV days 1–5 every 28 days (Arm B). Pharmacokinetics were studied in 6 patients on each arm using HPLC analysis. Thirty-nine patients (30 male, 9 female), ages 27–67 years (median 53) were entered on the study (20 on Arm A, 19 on Arm B). No objective responses were seen. Median time to progression was 3 months. Median survival was 8 months. Treatment was generally well tolerated. Major toxicities were grade 1–2 nausea (33%), lethargy (28%), diarrhea (15%), alopecia (15%), and grade 3 neutropenia (8%). Four patients on Arm A had mild self-limited episodes of intravascular hemolysis occurring immediately after drug infusion, the mechanism of which is unknown. Mean AUC for DTIC, HMMTIC (5-[3-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-1-triazeno] imidazole-4-carboxamide), and MTIC (5-[3-methyl-1-triazeno] imidazole-4-carboxamide), in Arm A were 14.8, 0.17, and 1.15 mM min, respectively. Corresponding values for Arm B (on day 1 of 5) were 1.7, 0.06, and 0.29 mM min, respectively. The predicted HMMTIC and MTIC exposure over 5 days for Arm B, based on the day 1 data, is higher than with Arm A. We conclude that DTIC is well tolerated but does not have activity in patients with recurrent gliomas. The 5-day schedule appears less toxic, and pharmacokinetic studies show that it provides greater exposure to MTIC and HMMTIC compared to the one-day schedule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006454427026
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drug Resistance-associated Factors in Primary and Secondary Glioblastomas and their Precursor Tumors (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 50 (2000), S. 227-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: astrocytomas ; chemotherapy ; drug resistance ; glioblastomas ; recurrence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Malignant gliomas are largely resistant to current chemotherapeutic strategies often displaying a multidrug-resistant phenotype. Mechanisms involved in drug resistance are reduced cellular drug accumulation through membrane efflux pumps, drug detoxification as well as alterations in drug target specificity. In 27 primary and 17 secondary glioblastomas and their astrocytic precursor tumors, we studied the immunohistochemical expression profile of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), lung resistance-related protein (LRP), metallothionein, and topoisomerase II α. Glial tumor cells in all glioblastomas showed constant up-regulation of LRP, MRP, and topoisomerase II α. P-gp was found in 90% of the primary and 60% of the secondary glioblastomas. In precursor tumors, these drug resistance-related factors were expressed in varying proportions. Metallothionein, also found in normal and activated astrocytes, was retained in all neoplastic phenotypes. Furthermore, metallothionein, P-gp, LRP, and topoisomerase II α were strongly expressed by normal and neoplastic vessels which may confer to impaired penetration of therapeutic agents through the blood–brain and blood–tumor barrier. However, the expression profiles of drug resistance-related proteins neither differed between primary and secondary glioblastomas nor revealed any correlation to precursor or recurrent tumors. Nevertheless, inhibition of these factors may be promising approaches to the management of malignant gliomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006491405010
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the Efficacy of Atovaquone Alone or in Combination with Azithromycin against Acute Murine Toxoplasmosis (2000)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 24 (2000), S. 169-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: atovaquone ; azithromycin ; chemotherapy ; mouse ; Toxoplasma gondii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mice were infected intraperitoneally with 10 000 tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii (RH) strain and, 24 h later, were treated orally for 10 days with atovaquone and azithromycin, either alone or in combination. Evaluation of the efficacy of the drugs was performed by microscopic examination of smears prepared from the organs of the mice, and by subinoculation of visceral and brain suspensions from surviving mice into healthy mice at the end of the experiments. It was found that 58%, 83% and 100% of the mice survived after administration of 75, 150 or 200 mg/kg per day of azithromycin, respectively. Moreover, 8%, 17% and 25% of the mice survived after treatment with atovaquone at 20, 50 or 100 mg/kg per day, respectively. No synergistic or additive effects of combinations of atovaquone and azithromycin were observed. However, azithromycin did not eradicate the parasite from the brain and viscera of the infected mice, whereas atovaquone at 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg per day removed the parasite from viscera and at 100 mg/kg per day eradicated the parasite from the brain of infected mice. The combinations of atovaquone and azithromycin failed to completely eradicate the parasite from the brain and viscera of infected mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006404314523
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Survey of the Literature (1995–1999) on the Kinetics of Drugs in Camels (Camelus dromedarius) (2000)
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 24 (2000), S. 245-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Keywords: anthelmintic ; antibiotic ; camel ; chemotherapy ; enzymes ; pharmacokinetics ; xenobiotic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recent publications dealing mainly with the kinetics of antiparasitic and antibacterial agents, NSAIDs, and other drugs in camels are briefly reviewed. The kinetic data for most of these drugs indicated that they have longer absorption and elimination half-lives and slower systemic clearance in the camel compared to other animals. This corroborates earlier reports that suggested that the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes and the capacity to biotransform and eliminate xenobiotics is lower in camels than in other ruminants. There is a clear need to establish basic kinetic data for the camel in order to avoid extrapolation of drug dosage regimens and withdrawal times from data for other animals, as this may result in irrational use of drugs in camels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006498816669
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