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  • Digitale Medien  (29)
  • Zeitschrift/Serie
  • 2020-2022
  • 1990-1994  (29)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1991  (29)
  • Industrial Chemistry
  • protoplasts
  • transformation
Datenquelle
Materialart
  • Digitale Medien  (29)
  • Zeitschrift/Serie
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 2020-2022
  • 1990-1994  (29)
  • 1955-1959
Jahr
Schlagwörter
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production of islet cell antibodies from Epstein-Barr virus-transformed peripheral blood lymphocytes in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 511-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Islet cell antibodies ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes ; Epstein-Barr virus ; peripheral blood lymphocytes ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Islet cell antibodies are usually detected in the sera of almost all Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients within several months after onset of the disease. The antibodies then disappear quite early during the course of the disease. The present study was undertaken to detect islet cell antibody-producing clones in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Type 1 diabetic patients whose islet cell antibodies could not be detected in sera. Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes were employed to enhance the production of antibodies and to detect the clones from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from 40 islet cell antibody-negative Type 1 diabetic patients, 10 antibody-positive Type 1 diabetic patients, 30 Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and 40 normal control subjects. Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes were cultured for 4 weeks and the culture supernatants were used for assay of islet cell antibodies. Islet cell antibody assays were performed by immunohistochemical methods using peroxidase-labelled protein A for IgG antibodies, peroxidase-labelled anti-human IgM antibodies for IgM antibodies and fresh frozen human pancreatic tissue. IgG-islet cell antibodies were detected in 26 islet cell antibody-negative patients (65%), eight antibody-positive patients (80%) and one Type 2 diabetic patient (3%) in the culture supernatants. Islet cell antibodies in the supernatants could not be detected in any of the control subjects. IgM-islet cell antibodies could not be detected in any of the patients or control subjects. These findings indicate that islet cell antibody-producing clones exist in peripheral blood lymphocytes from Type 1 diabetic patients whose islet cell antibodies cannot be detected in their sera and IgG-islet cell antibodies might be a specific characteristic of Type 1 diabetes. The detection of islet cell antibodies from Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes may be useful in examining the role of autoimmune mechanisms in the development of disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403288
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effects of acetosyringone and pH on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation vary according to plant species (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 9 (1991), S. 671-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; Allium cepa ; Antirrhinum majus ; Brassica campestris ; Glycine max ; Nicotiana tabacum ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Expiants of five plant species (Allium cepa, Antirrhinum majus, Brassica campestris. Glycine max, and Nicotiana tabacum) were co-cultivated with three Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains under different conditions to assess the effects of acetosyringone and medium pH on strain virulence. Tumours were incited on all dicotyledonous species by strains N2/73 and A281. The presence of acetosyringone during co-cultivation generally enhanced the virulence of these strains, most markedly N2/73 on A. majus and G. max, and A281 on G. max. Strain Ach5 was virulent only on N. tabacum in the absence of acetosyringone, which, when present, extended the host range to include A. majus. There was evidence to suggest that acetosyringone may suppress virulence in some strain/plant species interactions. Virulence was affected in some cases by medium pH, but there was no general effect across plant species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235354
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of Echinacea purpurea (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 10 (1991), S. 85-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Schlagwort(e): Agrobacterium rhizogenes ; alkamides ; Echinacea purpureal ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Echinacea purpurea seedlings were inoculated with several Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains in order to obtain hairy roots. Infection with A. rhizogenes strains LMG63 and LMG150 resulted in callus formation. Upon infection with strains ATCC 15834 and R1601 hairy roots were obtained. Opine detection confirmed transformation of E. purpurea. Comparative HPLC fingerprint analysis of the alkamides from natural plant source, control tissues, and transformed callus and roots indicated that transformed callus and hairy roots might be a promising source for continuous and standardized production of the dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide and related amides.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236463
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis in vitro of uterine estrogen receptor conformation of young and old rats (1991)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 105 (1991), S. 171-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): estrogen receptor ; transformation ; aging ; rat uterus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The conformation of estrogen receptor (ER) and its in vitro transformation by RNase, Urea and ATP were analysed using the uteri of young (16 weeks) and old (92 weeks) rats. Following the digestion of ER with proteolytic enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin and the analysis of cleaved fragments by SDS-PAGE, similar pattern is observed in both ages. In vitro transformation of ER by RNase, Urea and ATP shows that the degree of transformation is lower in old than young. Furthermore, the transformed ER from old is less capable of binding to DNA than that from young. Thus our results show that the conformation of ER probably does not change with age, but the degree of transformation and the ability of transformed receptor to bind to DNA decrease with age.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227756
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transgenic rice cell lines and plants: expression of transferred chimeric genes (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 807-820 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): methylation ; Oryza sativa ; protoplasts ; transformation ; β-D-glucuronidase ; methotrexate ; hygromycin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Cell suspension-derived rice (Oryza sativa L.) protoplasts were transformed by direct gene uptake. PEG-mediated transformation was more efficient than electroporation. Plasmid DNA containing a hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) gene (which confers hygromycin resistance) driven by the CaMV 35S promoter and a β-D-glucuronidase (GUS) gene under control of the 1′, 2′ double promoter of the mannopine synthase (mas) locus of Agrobacterium tumefaciens was introduced into rice protoplasts. Southern analysis of DNA from transformed cell lines showed that the HPT and GUS genes were present intact. Both genes were expressed in transgenic cell suspensions. GUS activity was detected by histochemical staining of the cells and by enzyme assays. During a 12-day culture period the proportion of stained cells rose to a maximum and then decreased again. Considerably higher numbers of blue-stained cells were obtained when the transgenic cell lines were grown in the presence of 5-azacytidine. Transcripts of the GUS gene could not be detected, in contrast with the HPT gene. Plantlets were regenerated from one transgenic cell line. GUS activity was found in both leaf and root tissues of these plants, particularly, but not exclusively, in vascular bundles. A mouse dihydrofolate reductase coding sequence (DHFR), conferring methotrexate resistance, fused to the CaMV 35S promotor and the wild-type nopaline synthase (NOS) gene of A. tumefaciens were also introduced into rice protoplasts. Stable integration of both genes was confirmed by Southern analysis. Expression of the DHFR gene was demonstrated by high levels of resistance to methotrexate of the transgenic cell suspensions and by the presence of DHFR transcripts. Expression of the NOS gene at enzyme or RNA level was not detected. Southern analysis suggests that this gene was probably either methylated or scrambled in these lines.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015073
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An activating amino acid substitution in the c-abl oncogene protein fails to produce a local conformational change (1991)
    Springer
    The protein journal 10 (1991), S. 437-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4943
    Schlagwort(e): Conformational energy ; three-dimensional structure ; amino acid substitution ; c-abl oncogene ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Thebcr-abl chimeric gene of Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemias is only weakly transforming. This transformation activity is greatly enhanced by a Lys-for-Glu substitution at position 832 in the c-abl gene, as occurs in the highly transforming v-abl genes. It has been suggested that this mutation results in a significant structural change in the encoded protein product. Using conformational energy analysis, we have determined the allowed low-energy conformations for residues 828–836 of this protein with Lys and Glu at position 832. In both cases, the overwhelmingly preferred conformation for this region is a bend-helix motif. The helix terminates at residue 836, and there are no discernible differences in conformation between the Lys- and Glu-containing sequences. These results suggest that the activating amino acid substitution at position 832 in the c-abl protein product does not produce its effect via a local conformational change.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01025258
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New patterns of gene activity in plants detected using an Agrobacterium vector (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 16 (1991), S. 263-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): transformation ; enhancer trap ; β-glucuronidase ; potato
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A vector has been designed that contains a truncated CaMV (cauliflower mosaic virus) 35S promoter fused to a receptor gene encoding β-glucuronidase (GUS), placed adjacent to the left border sequence of an Agrobacterium vector. In potato plants transformed with this vector, different patterns of transcription were detected at high frequency using in situ assays for GUS activity. Previous studies in Drosophila using analogous vectors have shown that the new patterns of transcription in many cases reflect the patterns of expression of genes adjacent to the site of vector insertion. If this is also the case in plants, the vector described here will be useful in identifying the activity of genes in different cell types and will assist in determining their function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020557
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production inEscherichia coli of activeSorghum phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase which can be phosphorylated (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): recombinant ; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase ; C4 plant ; cDNA ; transformation ; Escherichia coli ; protein phosphorylation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC)-deficient mutants ofEscherichia coli have been complemented with a plasmid bearing a full-length cDNA encoding the C4-type form ofSorghum leaf PEPC. Transformed cells grew on minimal medium. Two clones were selected which produce a functional and full-sized enzyme protein as determined by activity assays, immunochemical behavior and SDS-PAGE. In addition, regulatory phosphorylation of immunopurified recombinant PEPC was observed when the enzyme was incubated with a partially purified plant PEPC kinase. These results establish thatE. coli cells produce a genuine, phosphate-free, higher-plant PEPC. Application of immunoadsorbtion chromatography to bacterial extracts makes it possible to prepare highly pure protein available for biochemical studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036808
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Direct gene transfer into Actinidia deliciosa protoplasts: analysis of transient expression of the CAT gene using TLC autoradiography and a GC-MS-based method (1991)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 17 (1991), S. 235-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): Actinidia deliciosa ; chloramphenicol acetyl transferase ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; ion trap detector ; polyethylene glycol ; protoplasts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene was used as a reporter gene to assess the conditions for polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transfection of kiwifruit protoplasts. The effect of plasmid concentration and the presence of carrier DNA were each assessed by analysing CAT activity in transfected protoplasts using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) autoradiographic detection of acetylated chloramphenicol. A gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) non-radioactive method was developed for monitoring CAT gene activity. This method provides a high speed of analysis (30 min) and precise means of detecting acetylated products at the nanomolar level, enabling quantification at very low transfection rates. Using this method we optimized plasmid and PEG concentration and also assessed the effect of heat shock on transfection. The best CAT activity was obtained using 30% polyethylene glycol 4000 and by submitting protoplasts to heat shock (45 °C, 5 min) prior to transfection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039498
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Incorporation of the gene for a cell-cell channel protein into transformed cells leads to normalization of growth (1991)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 124 (1991), S. 207-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Schlagwort(e): intercellular communication ; gap junction ; connexin ; growth control ; cDNA ; connexin43 ; cell-cell channel ; junctional communication ; transformation ; cancer etiology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Incorporation of the gene for connexin 43, a cell-cell channel protein of gap junction, into the genome of communication-deficient transformed mouse 10T1/2 cells restored junctional communication and inhibited growth. Growth was slowed, saturation density reduced and focus formation suppressed, and these effects were contingent on overexpression of the exogenous gene and the consequent enhancement of communication. In coculture with normal cells the growth of the connexin overexpressors was completely arrested, as these cells established strong communication with the normal ones. Thus, in culture by themselves or in coculture, the connexin overexpressor cells grew like normal cells. These results demonstrate that the cell-cell channel is instrumental in growth control; they are the expected behavior if the channel transmits cytoplasmic growth-regulatory signals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01994355
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regeneration of plantlets fromEnteromorpha (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) protoplasts in axenic culture (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 3 (1991), S. 265-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): Enteromorpha ; protoplasts ; regeneration ; cell density ; axenic culture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract High yields of protoplasts have been obtained from vegetative thalli of three species ofEnteromorpha by enzymatic degradation of the cell wall. Several commercial and crude enzymes prepared from the digestive system and hepatopancrease of abalone and top-shell were tested at different concentrations and combinations to evaluate the yield. Commercial enzymes in combination with either abalone or top-shell crude enzymes, consistently produced a high yield of protoplasts from all three species. High regeneration rate (85–95%) occurred in the protoplasts cultured at a density greater than 1.72 × 103 cells cm−2 at 20 and 25°C. Light intensities tested in the present study did not affect protoplast wall formation and regeneration. Protoplasts, after regenerating the cell wall, followed different types of developmental patterns under identical culture conditions. In one type some cells underwent repeated cell divisions and formed a round and oval shaped hollow thallus with a single layer of cells. In the second type many cells underwent one or two cell divisions (occasionally no division) and soon matured and discharged many motile spores, which on germination grew into normal plantlets. In the third type some cells divided irregularly to form a mass of callus-like cells (exceptE. prolifera). Culture medium supplemented with either mannitol, sorbitol, dextrose, saccharose or NaCl at higher concentrations (〉 0.4 M) inhibited cell division and further differentiation in all species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00003585
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antigens of melanocytes and melanoma (1991)
    Springer
    Cancer and metastasis reviews 10 (1991), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7233
    Schlagwort(e): melanocyte ; melanoma ; differentiation ; transformation ; antigen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Melanoma is a valuable model to study phenotypic traits that are regulated during cell differentiation and malignant transformation. Melanoma cells display extensive phenotypic and antigenic heterogeneity. Studies of this attribute have provided insight into events that take place during normal melanocyte differentiation and give clues to traits that contribute to malignancy. It is possible that the phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity present among melanoma cells within a single lesion includes a subset of cells with traits that favor tumor progression and metastasis. This review discusses the identification and characterization of antigens expressed by melanoma cells and their potential contribution to melanocyte differentiation and malignant transformation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00049411
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of growth and subsequent decomposition of blue-green algae on the transformation of iron and manganese in submerged soils (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 138 (1991), S. 75-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): blue-green algae ; iron ; manganese ; submerged soils ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract N2-fixing blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), besides enriching soils with N and organic carbon, may modify a number of chemical and electro-chemical properties of the soils resulting in a change in availability of some micronutrient elements. Keeping this in view, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of growth and subsequent decomposition of blue-green algae on changes in the different forms of Fe and Mn in four soils under submerged condition. A mixed algal culture containing Anabaena, Nostoc, Cylindrospermum, and Tolypothrix was used as inoculum. It was allowed to grow for 2 months, after which the soils were sequentially extracted with (i) M NH4OAc (pH 7.0), (ii) M K4P2O7, (iii) 0.1 M NH2OH.HCl (pH 2.0), (iv) 0.2 M (NH4)2C2O4 (pH 3.0) and (v) 0.1 M ascorbic acid to obtain water-soluble plus exchangeable, organically bound, easily reducible, amorphous oxides-and crystalline oxides-bound forms of Fe and Mn, respectively, both during the growth as well as the subsequent in-situ decomposition of the algal biomass in soils. Iron and Mn in the extracts were estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that growth of blue-green algae in submerged rice soils caused a decrease in the NH4OAc-extractable forms of Fe and Mn with concomitant increases in all the other four determined forms of the elements. Such decreases and/or increases in different forms of Fe and Mn in soils were explained as being due to release of O2, addition of organic matter and liberation of extracellular organic compounds by the blue-green algae during their growth. The decomposition of algal biomass resulted in an increase in the NH4OAc-, K4P2O7- and (NH4)2C2O4-extractable forms of Fe and Mn with a simultaneous decrease in the NH2OH · HCl- and ascorbic acid-extractable forms. Development of strong reducing conditions and formation of organic acids with chelating properties were suggested as being the cause of the above changes. The implication of these changes in the forms of Fe and Mn for the Fe and Mn nutrition of rice plants were discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011810
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Field evaluation of antisense RNA mediated inhibition of GBSS gene expression in potato (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 59 (1991), S. 83-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Agrobacterium rhizogenes ; antisense RNA ; granule-bound starch synthase ; Solanum tuberosum ; starch composition ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) catalyses the synthesis of amylose in starch granules. Analysis of antisense RNA mediated inhibition of GBSS gene expression in large numbers of tubers from in vitro grown, greenhouse grown and field grown transgenic potato plants revealed stable and total inhibition of GBSS gene expression in one clone. In three other transgenic genotypes partial and unstable inhibition was found. In these genotypes both GBSS activity and amylose content were remarkably reduced compared with the non-transformed control genotype. No relationship was found between the level of inhibition of GBSS gene expression and yield and dry matter content.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025364
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic improvement of legumes using somatic cell and molecular techniques (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 55 (1991), S. 157-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): gene transfer ; genetic manipulation ; chimaeric genes ; legumes ; transformation ; somatic hybridisation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The merits and limitations of somatic cell techniques involving Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, direct gene transfer and protoplast fusion, are discussed in relation to the genetic improvement of forage and grain legumes. Whilst progress with legumes is limited compared to that with plants of other families such as the Solanaceae, the fact that many legumes are readily amenable to tissue culture now permits somatic cell techniques to be targetted to these species. Future development of the subject will necessitate close collaboration between molecular biologists and plant breeders to enable novel plants generated by in vitro technologies to be incorporated into conventional breeding programmes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025229
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regeneration and transformation of Ribes (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 24 (1991), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): Agrobacterium ; regeneration ; Ribes nigrum ; tissue culture ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Transformation of the black currant cv. Ben More was achieved by utilising the binary vector system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This system involved the inoculation of peeled internodal stem segments with A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 containing the binary vector PBI121.X with the marker genes Betaglucuronidase (GUS) and neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII). Shoot regeneration occurred on nutrient media based on M&S salts. Transformation was confirmed by the fluorogenic assay procedure which determined that the GUS gene had been transferred into the plant material and was being expressed. Concurrent transfer of the NPTII gene into the plant material was also confirmed with a ‘dot blot’ assay on selected GUS positive plantlets.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039736
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modification of transplasma membrane oxidoreduction by SV40 transformation of 3T3 cells (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 23 (1991), S. 903-917 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Schlagwort(e): Transferrin receptor ; diferric transferrin ; 3T3 cells ; transformation ; iron reduction ; plasma membrane
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Transformation of 3T3 cells by SV40 virus changes the properties of the transplasma membrane electron transport activity which can be assayed by reduction of external ferric salts. After 42 h of culture and before the growth rate is maximum, the transformed cells have a much slower rate of ferric reduction. The change in activity is expressed both by change inK m andV max for ferricyanide reduction. The change in activity is not based on surface charge effect or on tight coupling to proton release or on intracellular NADH concentration. With transformation by SV40 virus infection the expression of transferrin receptors increases, which correlates with greater diferric transferrin stimulation of the rate of ferric ammonium citrate reduction in transformed SV40-3T3 cells than in 3T3 cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00786008
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comparative assessment of purification techniques for mesophyll protoplasts of Brassica napus L. (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 24 (1991), S. 43-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): Brassica napus ; protoplasts ; purification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of three different general purification protocols have been assessed quantitatively using mesophyll protoplasts of Brassica napus. Within the initial sample two distinct sub-populations were determined. The methods used influenced the ratio of the vacuolated to chloroplastic type protoplast sub-populations. Overall recovery rates of the initial sample varied according to the method used from 38% to 27%, but the relative recovery of the sub-populations varied considerably with a purified ratio of between 1.0:0.78 to 1.0:7.0. Size distribution profiles of the initial and purified populations are also presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044264
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cryopreservation and post freeze molecular and biosynthetic stability in transformed roots of Beta vulgaris and Nicotiana rustica (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 24 (1991), S. 163-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): Agrobacterium rhizogenes ; cryopreservation ; hairy roots ; molecular stability ; secondary metabolites ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Crypopreservation methods were firstly developed for root-tips from hairy root cultures of Beta vulgaris, established after transformation by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The effects of culture age, pre-growth, cryoprotection, freezing rate and post-freeze culture conditions were determined. The resulting freezing protocol was then used to cryopreserve transformed root cultures of Nicotiana rustica. Both species were viable after freezing (ca. 80%), according to fluorescein diacetate vital staining. However, on average the regeneration of proliferating roots from surviving root-tips was low (〈20%). Growth rates, secondary metabolite production and T-DNA structure of a number of hairy root lines were examined and found to be unchanged after cryopreservation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033472
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lotus corniculatus L.: Morphological and cytological analysis of regenerants from three sources of tissue and selected progeny (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 25 (1991), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): cytology ; leaf explants ; Lotus corniculatus ; protoplasts ; regeneration ; somaclonal variation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Regenerants from three types of tissue, leaf explants (132 plants), leaf protoplasts (68 plants) and cotyledonary protoplasts (119 plants) of L. corniculatus cv Leo differed both morphologically and cytologically from control plants grown from seed. Four categories of chromosome number were found. The frequency and type of variation found in the chromosome numbers of regenerants reflected the method of plant regeneration. Regenerants with both normal and abnormal numbers of chromosomes produced progeny which were cytologically normal and showed only minor morphological changes when compared with control plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033909
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An effective method for establishing human B lymphoblastic cell lines using epstein-barr virus (1991)
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 13 (1991), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Schlagwort(e): Epstein-Barr virus ; feeder layer ; B-lymphocytes ; transformation ; human cell lines
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Methods are described for the efficient transformation of fresh or cryopreserved human B lymphocytes to produce continuous, lymphoblastic cell lines. Lymphocytes are separated from whole blood by centrifugation through Ficoll. They are transformed by exposure to Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) obtained as a supernatant from ATCC. CRL 1612 (B95-8) cells. Virus production is verified in advance by immunoperoxidase staining after application of a monoclonal antibody to EBV capsid antigen [ATCC.HB 168 (72A1)]. The addition of irradiated feeder cells [ATCC.CCL 17 (MRC-5)] is important to enhance efficiency in lymphoblast culture initiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02388202
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Compiling bottom-up and mixed derivations into top-down executable logic programs (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of automated reasoning 7 (1991), S. 337-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0670
    Schlagwort(e): Control rules ; transformation ; logic programming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract We present a technique for the compilation of bottom-up and mixed logic derivations into PROLOG-programs. It is obtained as an extension of a program transformation technique called Compiling Control. We illustrate its applications in three different domains: solving numerical problems, integrity checking in deductive databases and theorem proving. The aim is to obtain efficient PROLOG programs for problems in which a non-top-down control is most appropriate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249018
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Callus production from willow (Salix viminalis L.) protoplasts (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 27 (1991), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): callus culture ; cell suspensions ; protoplasts ; Salix viminalis ; Salix schwerinii
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Protoplasts were isolated from cell suspensions of Salix viminalis (basket willow) clone 78-0-90 and S. schwerinii clone 77-0-77, using cellulysin and macerase in modified Woody Plant medium. For clone 78-0-90, 6.3 · 106 ± 1.9 · 106 protoplasts were obtained per gram fresh weight. Cell divisions started two days after protoplast isolation and gave rise to callus which has been maintained in culture for up to four years. Protoplast yield from the clone 77-0-77 was lower (less than 106 protoplasts per gram cells), cell division was infrequent and no callus was obtained. Protoplasts were also isolated from the leaves of willow shoot cultures using cellulysin and pectolyase, but these did not show cell divisions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00157587
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transformation of Nicotiana tabacum, N. debneyi, and N. rustica: Inheritance and protoplast expression of antibiotic resistance (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 25 (1991), S. 189-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): Agrobacterium ; leaf explant ; mesophyll protoplast ; regeneration ; selective agent ; transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains harbouring plasmid vectors pBCAT1, pVU1011 or pMON806 were used to transform leaf explants of Nicotiana tabacum cultivars ‘Delgold’ and ‘Candel’, N. debneyi, and N. rustica var. NRT. Transgenic plants resistant to the selective agents kanamycin, hygromycin or methotrexate were regenerated and used as sources of leaf mesophyll protoplasts. Protoplasts divided and regenerated plants in the presence of selective agents at levels inhibitory to protoplasts of non-transformed plants. Cross-resistance of protoplasts to more than one selective agent was not observed in this study which suggests that this approach may lead to an efficient interspecific somatic hybrid selection system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036210
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Precipitation behavior of 1,1,Di-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclohexane clathrate crystals from acetone solutions containingd-limonene (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 10 (1991), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Schlagwort(e): Crystallization ; adductive crystallization ; nucleation ; crystal growth ; polymorph ; transformation ; release rate ; perfume
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The precipitation behavior of 1,1-di(p-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane (DHC) from acetone solutions containing d-Limonene (1-methyl-4(I-methylethenyl)cyclohexene) was studied. From the pure acetone solution or the solutions containing a small amount of d-Limonene crystals (B) precipitated, which clathrate only acetone with a guest/host (G/H) molar ratio of 1.0. However, when thed-Limonene concentration is increased to more than ca. 2 mol/L, crystals (A) precipitated which had a different habit from the B crystals. In the A crystalsd-Limonene is clathrated together with a large amount of acetone and the G/H value ofd-Limonene increases with the concentration in the solution up to the maximum value of 0.2. As the diffraction patterns of the A and B crystals are similar, it is assumed that a part of the acetone molecules in the B crystals are replaced byd-Limonene molecules. The acetone in the A crystals escapes rapidly, but thed-Limonene remains for a long time. This may indicate that the large molecule ofd-Limonene cannot diffuse rapidly within the host lattice owing to three-dimensional hindrance. It was clear that the solubility of the A crystals is higher than that of the B crystals and the transformation from the'metastable A to the stable B crystals proceeds during the crystallization of A crystals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01133316
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    p53 Mutations: Gains or losses? (1991)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 45 (1991), S. 22-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Schlagwort(e): transformation ; tumor suppressor genes ; oncogenic mutations ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Although the case for p53 as a tumor suppressor gene appears very strong, one should still keep an open eye for the possibility that mutations in p53 do not necessarily imply a mere loss of “suppressor” activity. It is still possible that the presence of a p53 mutation in a tumor contributes, in a dominant positive manner, to tumorigenesis. In other words, certain p53 mutants may well be oncogenic in their own right, and carry distinct activities that promote growth deregulation and malignant progression. Elucidating this issue also has practical implications, since the nature of the resident mutations may greatly dictate the consequences of attempts to reintroduce wild-type (wt) p53 into particular types of tumor cells. There are two major obstacles along the road to meaningful answers: the limitations of the experimental systems used for evaluating the biological activities of Wt and mutant p53 and a fundamental lack of knowledge about the relevant biochemistry of the p53 protein. These two aspects constitute primary experimental challenges for investigators in the field.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240450108
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quantitative variations in gene expression: Possible role in cellular diversification and tumor progression (1991)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 46 (1991), S. 277-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Schlagwort(e): transformation ; malignancy ; metastasis ; gene regulation ; cancer ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Changes in the quantitative expression of certain genes or in the amounts of their products can quickly stimulate progression to the metastatic phenotype. This has been done experimentally by transferring dominantly acting oncogenes such as c-H-rasEJ into susceptible cells or more recently by interfering with metastasis suppressor genes. In vivo such rapid qualitative changes in dominantly acting oncogenes or suppressor genes occur only rarely, and progression to highly metastatic phenotypes is thought to occur through a process involving the slow stepwise progression of a subpopulation of neoplastic cells to more malignant states. Such slow changes can be reversible and need not involve known dominantly acting oncogenes or metastatic suppressor genes, consistent with clinical and experimental observations on naturally occuring, highly advanced metastatic tumors. An important element in the natural progression of tumors to more malignant states may be their ability to circumvent host environmental controls that regulate growth and cellular diversity. They also evolve into heterogeneous cellular phenotypes, a process that appears to mainly involve quantitative changes in gene expression but can be rapidly stimulated in cell culture by the introduction of a dominantly acting oncogene or inhibited by the introduction of a suppressor gene. The oncogenes and suppressor genes that affect malignancy may control important steps in the quantitative regulation of sets of genes that are ultimately responsible for the cellular alterations seen in adhesion receptors, cell motility responses, cell-cell communication components, degradative enzymes and their inhibitors, growth factor receptors, components that aid in escape from host surveillance mechanisms and others that are important in malignancy. Highly malignant cells that have slowly evolved in vivo may contain only a few qualitative gene changes but have undergone extensive cycles of diversification and accumulation of quantitative changes in the expression of genes that encode products that are related to malignancy and metastasis. Thus highly malignant cells can arise quickly due to specific qualitative changes in critical controlling genes or more slowly by less critical qualitative genetic changes together with cycles of cellular diversification and accumulation of quantitative changes in gene expression.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240460402
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of a phorbol ester on the lipid microviscosity of two endoplasmic reticulum membrane fractions isolated from krebs II ascites cells (1991)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 46 (1991), S. 260-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Schlagwort(e): rough membranes ; smooth membranes ; structural transitions ; transformation ; spin probes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: This paper deals with microviscosity parameters and thermoinduced structural transitions in the lipids of smooth and heavy rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes isolated from Krebs II ascites cells incubated with the phorbol ester 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. The phorbol ester was found to bring about a threefold increase in the microviscosity of the lipids in heavy rough membranes. Spin probe I (2,2,6,6-tetrahydro-4-capryloyl-oxypiperidine-1-oxyl), localized in the surface layer of the membrane lipids, gave results which indicate an increased number of thermoinduced structural transitions in the smooth membranes in the treated cells due to the transitions occurring at relatively low temperature and a decreased number of such transitions in the heavy rough fraction especially at high temperature. For 5,6-benzo-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-γ-carboline-oxyl, probe II, mainly distributed in the annular lipids, a decrease in the number of low temperature transitions in the smooth fraction was observed, while an increase occurred in the heavy rough one. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the effect of phorbol esters as promoters of tumor progression.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240460310
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase of Dictyostelium discoideum and its glycoprotein inhibitor: Structure and expression of their genes (1991)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 12 (1991), S. 104-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Schlagwort(e): cAMP ; chemotaxis ; transformation ; CAT constructs ; gene regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The genes coding for the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PD) and the PD inhibitory glycoprotein (PDI) have been cloned and characterized. The PDI gene was isolated as a 1.6 kb genomic fragment, which included the coding sequence containing two small introns and 510 nucleotides of non-translated 5′ sequence. From the deduced amino acid sequence we predict a protein with a molecular weight (MW) of 26,000 that, in agreement with previous data, contains 15% cysteine residues. Genomic Southern blot analysis indicates that only one gene encodes the inhibitor. Northern blot analysis shows a single transcript of 0.95 kb. The PDI gene is expressed early in development with little transcript remaining following aggregation. The appearance of PDI mRNA is prevented by the presence of cAMP, but when cAMP is removed the transcript appears within 30 minutes. When cAMP is applied to cells expressing PDI the transcript disappears with a half-life of less than 30 minutes. The PD gene of D. discoideum is transcribed into three mRNAs: a 1.9 kb mRNA specific for growth, a 2.4 kb mRNA specific for aggregation, and a 2.2 kb mRNA specific for late development. The 2.2 kb mRNA is also specific for prestalk cells, and is induced by differentiation-inducing factor. All three mRNAs contain the same coding sequence, and differ only in their 5′ non-coding sequences. Each mRNA is transcribed from a different promoter, and by using the chloramphenicol acyltransferase gene as a reporter, we have shown that each promoter displays the same regulation as its cognate mRNA. Transformation of wild-type strains with the PD gene causes PD overexpression which accelerates aggregation and blocks subsequent cell differentiation and pattern formation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020120118
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